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In the last three decades, protecting the earth's environment has become a major challenge in international relations. Hundreds of regional and bilateral agreements, as well as at least ten global environmental agreements, were negotiated. Environmentalism can be seen as a social movement that seeks to influence jobs and education to conserve natural resources and ecosystems. Concerns for environmental protection have emerged in various forms in various parts of the world throughout history. The environmental movement is a diverse scientific, social and political movement. The movement is committed to ecology, health and human rights while accepting people as workers in the ecosystem. Today, it is generally accepted that environmental protection is a part of national policies and plans. The accepted standard to achieve this reduction target is "sustainable development". In fact, all existing laws and policies on environmental protection and human development, at the national or international level, aim at achieving "sustainable development". Despite the great environmental protection that humans have used in the past three decades, global warming has not reduced the occurrence of anomalous atmospheric phenomena due to scientific knowledge and available technology. Although many environmental policies and action plans have been negotiated over the past three decades, significant gaps remain in international environmental policy law. The framework has not yet become a method or method. Rather, each is a collection of commitments related to a democratic international or regional environmental issue. Nature has become negative by affecting the climate on the one hand and the health and safety of all living and non-living beings on the other. The ecosystem resonates with abnormal noise, vibration, dust and smoke from human activities. These events remind people that the environment must be protected with all enthusiasm and energy no matter what. Given the progress we have made in destroying the earth's environment, future global environmental efforts will focus more on environmental restoration than conservation. Human rights will also provide important opportunities for better protection of the environment.
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Congenital or acquired loss of body parts is of common occurrence and replacement of such parts for restoring their lost function and esthetics is done by using various bio‑compatible materials. Proper assessment of the disfigured body parts and a feasible approach to rehabilitating them has for long, been the target of clinical maxillofacial prosthodontics. The aim of this article is to present a case report of such a silicone prosthesis for a patient with a congenital unilateral auricular defect.
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AIM-Evaluative Comparison of the ability of three border molding materials in recording the Functional lateral throat form in completely edentulous mandibular arches. SETTING AND DESIGN-Twenty patients were selected with age ranging from 40-80 years in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. MATERIALS AND METHOD- 1. The customized instrument used in mandibular arch to measure lateral throat form 2. Border molding materials - Soft liner, addition silicon putty material, low fusing impression compound 3. tray material , medium fusing impression compound The depth of lateral throat form were measure with specially designed instrument and border moulding was done with three different materials in the same patient. Difference in depth of lateral throat form was measured and compared with each other. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS- average value and frequency table RESULTS- 50 % times soft liner gave most exact result CONCLUSION-Within the limitation of the study, it can be concluded that there are difference between the lateral throat form recorded in the patient's mouth and in the functional state.
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Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disorder that affects millions of individuals each year. PUD has a major impact on our health-care system by accounting for roughly 10% of medical costs for digestive diseases. Overall, peptic ulcer mortality and hospitalization rates have declined for the past two decades, but complications such as peptic ulcer perforation and bleeding remain a substantial health-care problem. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective 1-year study conducted in all cases of peptic perforation admitted in surgical wards during the study period August 2013-July 2014. On admission, every patient was interrogated about name, age, sex, address, occupation, religion, and residence. All patients suspected of peptic perforation with symptoms of the sudden onset of epigastric pain in abdomen, distention of abdomen, constipation, and vomiting were admitted to surgery ward from the outpatient department or transferred from other wards. Their findings were recorded in a pro forma and master chart. The information obtained was tabulated and analyzed. Results: Incidence of peptic perforation was 1.65% of all surgical admissions. It was 6.63% of total case of acute abdomen and 50.17% of total case of perforation peritonitis. A maximum number of peptic perforation cases was found in age group 51-60 years (24.67%). Conclusion: Perforation of the peptic ulcer is due to the persistence of causative factors of peptic ulceration with a decrease in mucosal resistance due to injudicious use of corticosteroids, decreased immunity, malnutrition, delay in hospitalization due to initial treatment by homemade medicines and abdominal massage further complicates the perforation in this region. Peptic perforation is diagnosed on clinical grounds and abdominal X-ray easily, yet due to delayed hospitalization and time consumed in resuscitation of the patient affects the outcome of standard surgical procedure.
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Background: Geriatric patients having surgical problems are more vulnerable for devastating resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rates. Because of comorbid medical illness and low immunity power management of surgical problems in a geriatric patient at the initial stage is necessary. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective 1 year study. On admission, every patient was interrogated about name, age, sex, address, occupation, religion, and residence. They were also inquired for chief complaints with duration, past history, drug history, personal history, and family history. Their findings were recorded in a pro forma and master chart. The information obtained was tabulated and analyzed. Results: Incidence of surgical problems in the geriatric patient was 19.18% out of total surgical ward admission. The majority of patients were male (70.35%) with male:female ratio of 2.4:1. The majority of patients were in age group 60-64 years (31.89%). A number of patients in the age group 80 years and above was also significant (15.28%). The eldest patient was 102-year-old male. The majority of patients were from a rural area (83.39%) followed by urban (16.61%). The majority of elderly patients admitted were suffering from medical illness associated with surgical problems most common being anemia (28.79%) followed by diabetes mellitus (19.54%), hypertension (18.96%), and tuberculosis (9.71%). The majority of elderly patients in both sexes were suffering from gastrointestinal tract disorders (28.79%). In males, the second common system involved was genitourinary system (24.67%) followed by skin and soft tissue lesions (18.87%), central nervous system (8.98%), and hernia (8.66%). In females, the second common system involved was skin and soft tissue lesions (21.12%) followed by hepatobiliary system (17.44%), central nervous system (11.43%), and breast lesions (8.72%). Conclusion: For healthy old age life, it is advised to take balanced diet and do physical activity for prevention of functional decline, increased survival and also avoids smoking, tobacco chewing, and alcoholism to reduce cardiovascular and other diseases risks.
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Fifteen cases of fibroangioma of nasopharynx with extrapharyngeal extension were treated surgically. At 2 years follow up 79% of these cases were free of the tumour. Proper pre-operative evaluation of all possible extrapharyngeal extensions is the single-most important factor for successful complete surgical excision. Radiotherapy as primary treatment of FAN is not recommended except for those with inoperable intracranial extensions. Recently introduced chemotherapy may prove to be a useful therapeutic tool in future