Infecciones por pasteurella spp: reporte de 20 casos en un período de 15 años / Pasteurella spp infections: report of 20 cases during 15 years

Pasteurella spp es una causa frecuente de infecciones asociada a mordedura por animales. Reportamos 20 casos de infecciones en las cuales se aisló Pasteurella spp durante un período de 15 años en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Dieciséis pacientes tenían infección de tejidos blandos y óseas, dos infecciones respiratorias, uno bacteremia sin foco y uno infección de herida operatoria. Se describen las características clínicas y demográficas de ellos

Encuesta sobre los métodos de diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección urinaria / Survey on methods for the microbiological diagnosis of urinary tract infection

La infeccióm del tracto urinario (ITU), patología infecciosa altamente prevalente, debe ser confirmada por un diagnóstico microbiológico. El Comité de Microbiología Clínica de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología realizó una encuesta retrospectiva para conocer la situación actual de algunos laboratorios asistenciales sobre metodología y criterios diagnósticos empleados empleados en el diagnóstico de ITU. Respondieron la encuesta 15 centros hospitalarios y laboratorios privados recopilándose información sobre 49.632 urocultivos. Es destacable que la totalidad de los laboratorios consideraron como criterio microbiológico de ITU un recuento microbiano > 100.000 ufc/ml. No fue posible analizar datos con recuentos inferiores por no disponerse de datos métodos sobre obtención de muestra, resultados del estudio microscópico (sedimiento urinario) concominate y sintomatología clínica. Utilizando este criterio diagnóstico la positividad varió entre 2,3 por ciento en varones y 33 por ciento en mujeres, porcentajes con una mayor dispersión en niños. Sólo 13 por ciento de las intituciones procesaron la muestra de orina en conocimiento del tiempo transcurrido desde la obtención de la muestra. Todos los laboratorios utilizaron el mismo criterio para considerar contaminada una muestra: > 3 microorganismo; algunos de ellos registraron 17 por ciento de contaminación. Si bien esta encuesta fue retrospectiva limitando la calidad del diagnóstico de situación, ella motivó al Comite de Microbiología Clínica a elaborar recomendaciones para el diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección urinaria

Resistencia a los antimicrobianos en agentes causantes de infección del tracto urinario en 11 hospitales chilenos: proyecto PRONARES / Antimicrobial resistance of agents causing urinary tract infections in 11 chilean hospitals: PRONARES project

Background: the computer program WHONET generates a common database to analyze local or general antimicrobial resistance of bacteria. A surveillance of agents causing urinary tract infections in Chile has been performed using this program. Aim: to report the results after 12 months of urinary tract infection agent surveillance. Material and methods: since november, 1997, a surveillance of in vitro antimicrobial resistance, using agar diffusion techniques, has been performed in 20 to 40 bacterial strains per month, isolated from 11 hospitals in the country. Results have been analyzed using WHONET program. Results: in first 12 months, 3144 strains, 1625 coming from outpatients, have been studied. Seventy four percent of isolated strains were E. coli, 19 percent were other enterobacteria, 4.1 percent were non fermenting bacilli and 2.1 percent were Gram (+) cocci. Sixty five percent of E coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, 11 percent to cefazolin, 2.5 percent to cefuroxime, 19 percent to ceftriaxone, 9 percent to ceftazidime, 4.2 percent to gentamicin 1.3 percent to amikacin, 5.6 percent to ciprofloxacin, 8.4 percent to grepafloxacin, 4.3 percent to nitrofurantoin and 43 percent to trimeproprim/sulphamethoxazole. Eighty two percent of other enterobacteria strains were resistant to ampicillin, 45.5 percent to cefazolin, 33.5 percent to cefuroxime, 26.6 percent to ceftriaxone, 21.5 percent to ceftazidime, 30.3 percent to gentamicin 17.2 percent to amikacin, 21 percent to ciprofloxacin, 16.3 percent to grepafloxacin, 48.2 percent to nitrofurantoin and 44.6 percent to trimeproprim/sulphamethoxazole. There were differences in betalactamic resistance among hospitals. Conclusions: noteworthy is the high resistance rates to third generation cephalosporins, evidenced when the new cutoff values for E coli and klebsiella spp are used. This national surveillance provides updated information on antimicrobial resistance of agents causing urinary tract infections

Actividad comparativa in vitro (E test) de sparfloxacina y otros 8 antimicrobianos frente a bacterias aisladas de pacientes con infecciones respiratorias adquiridas en la comunidad / In vitro comparative activity (E test) of sparfloxacin and other 8 antimicrobials against isolated bacteria from patients with community adquired respiratory infections

Sparfloxacin is a new antimicrobial that, while maintaining a good activity against negative bacilli, has a better in vitro activity against gram positive bacteria such as S pneumoniae, intracellular pathogenesis and anaerobic bacteria. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin against bacteria isolated from patients with community acquired respiratory infections between october 1994 and january 1995. Using the E-test technique we studied the susceptibility to sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulinic acid, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, erythromycin, methicillin and nalidixic acid of 50 strains of pneumoniae, 50 strains of H influenzae, 50 strains of S. aureus and 50 strains of S pyogenes. Sparfloxacin was active against 100 percent of S. pneumoniae, H influenzae and S pyogenes strains. 22 percent of S aureus strains were resistant and the MIC 90 was 12 µg/ml. Sparfloxacin showed the best in vitro activity against H influenzae and S aureus, a similar activity with ampicillin but superior to all studied antimicrobial against and S pyogenes. It is concluded that aparfloxacin is a good antimicrobial for bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections

Escherichia coli enterotoxigena y campylobacter jejuni en el sindrome diarreico agudo en lactantes Chilenos / Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni in acute diarrheal syndrome in Chilean infants

An investigation carried out between the months of November 1982 and November 1983 looked at the frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni compared with other enteropathogenic bacteria in 144 children under 2 years of age who had acute diarrhea and in 66 controls, all of them from lower socioeconomic strata, in a hospital and an outpatient office in Santiago, Chile. In addition, seasonal variations in frequency of the bacteria were determined. During the summer enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in 64.7 per cent of the patients with diarrhea, while in winter this figure fell to 45.2 per cent. In the control group these proportions were 37.8 and 23.8 per cent, respectively (p0.01). Enteropathogenic E. coli was the bacterium that was isolated most frequently from sick infants (37.3 per cent in summer and 19.0 per cent in winter), followed by enterotoxigenic E. coli (21.6 and 19.0 per cent), several species of Shigella (12.7 and 4.8 per cent), C. jejuni (7.8 and 9.5. ), enteroinvasive E. coli (1.9 and 2.4 per cent), and various species of Salmonella (3.9 and 0 per cent); no strains of Yersinia were isolated. Infections caused by more than one enteropathogenic bacterium were observed in 19.6 per cent of the summer cases and 9.5 per cent of the winter ones