RESUMEN
Introduction: The period of adolescence involves a lot of emotional changes as it is a period of transition to adulthood demanding independence.Adolescents with depression are more likely to have anxiety, disruptive behavior disorder and substance abuse when compared to those who are not depressed. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents and to assess the factors associated with depression among them. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school going adolescents aged 13-16 years in the urban field practice area of a Medical College. Depression was assessed using Beck's depression inventory (BDI). Total 896 adolescents were included in this study. Single stage cluster sampling method was done in which schools were considered as clusters and students constituted the sampling units. Schools were selected by simple random sampling technique using lottery method. Results: In this study about 45.2% of the adolescents had depressive disorder, out of which mild depression was reported among 22.2% students, 12.4% moderately depressed and 10.6% severe depression. Factors like mother's education, lack of communication by father and mother with their children, lack of needs satisfied by the fathers of the adolescents (61.9%), father's role in adolescents' life (62%) and domestic violence in family (69.7%) were some of the important reasons for developing depression among adolescents. Adolescent whose parents were having conflict (69.2%) were found be depressed when compared to those adolescents whose parents had no conflicts this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was found to be 45.2%. Finding of the study emphasizes the need for creating awareness about the early identification of behavioral changes leading to depression among adolescents by the parents and teachers. It is also important to emphasize to the parents on how their relationship and behavior towards the family affects the mental wellbeing of the adolescents.
RESUMEN
Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 32 million lives so far. Medical and nursing students are future health care workers. Thus, medical and nursing students should be provided with detailed knowledge about HIV and related issues in order to provide high quality, nonjudgmental services that will engage key populations at risk of HIV. Study is done to estimate the awareness regarding HIV/AIDS among medical and nursing students and to compare the awareness associated with HIV/AIDS among medical and nursing students. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 259 medical and nursing students from a tertiary care hospital in Raichur city between 1st October 2019 to 31st January 2020, using a pre-designed, semi- structured questionnaire, after taking consent, the questionnaire was distributed to students which were answered by self administration. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square test and independent sample t test. Results: Out of 259 students, majority 160 (61.78%) belong to age 18 years, 147 (56.76%) were male, 212 (81.85%) were Hindus. 197 (76.06%) students were not attended any training programme on HIV/AIDS. Difference was found in medical and nursing students of their knowledge and Practices scores were statistically signi?cant i.e., P < 0.05.Conclusion: The medical students have high knowledge and practice scores compared to nursing students
RESUMEN
The field of dentistry, in particular prosthodontics has seen tremendous and much sophisticated advances. The advent of intra-oral scanners, CAD/CAM and reverse engineering technologies have even further improved the quality and precision of treatment procedures. Virtual articulators are one such tools that enables dentist to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of a traditional mechanical articulator. By input of real patient data it allows the analyses of static and dynamic occlusion. The purpose of this article is to highlight the procedure and benefits of using a virtual articulator over the traditional one
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Snake-bites are the common cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. In India, there are 216 species of snakes, of which only four are venomous snakes (cobra, krait, Russell's viper and saw scaled viper). This study was undertaken to find out the epidemiological profile of snake-bite incidences in the State of Andhra Pradesh, based on the data collected from State Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad. METHODS: Data from 1379 snake-bite cases were collected from case reports for a 5 yr period (1999- 2003) that included age and sex of the victim, district, month of incidence, time of incident, death of a victim and the time point of analysis. On the basis of the forensic data, specimens were collected from forensic medicine department, during rainy season and were analysed for the venom antigens (cobra and krait) by ELISA method. RESULTS: The peak number of snake-bite cases were seen during June-September. Majority of the cases were observed in the age group 21-50 yr (71%). Higher incidence of snake-bite was recorded in males (76%). Of the 22 cases analysed by the ELISA, 6 tested positive for cobra venom, while 8 cases tested positive for krait venom, the remaining specimens tested negative for both cobra and krait venom. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Evaluation of forensic specimens (autopsy & biopsy) of human snakebite victims based on specific molecular epidemiological tool like ELISA gives a true estimate of the incidence supplementing clinical and circumstantial evidence.