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PURPOSE: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis, and it's known to be related to the apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer. The expression of bcl-2 is thought to be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis. We evaluated the differences of bcl-2 and P53 between PTC and the control (normal tissue and benign lesion). We then analyzed the correlation between the bcl-2 and P53 expressions and the classic prognostic factors. METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2005, 30 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for the PTC were included in this study and immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tumors. RESULTS: bcl-2 was expressed in 18 cases (60%) in their PTC (P<0.05). The expression of P53 was not significantly related with the clinicopathological factors, but P53 was expressed in 9 cases (30%) of PTC (P<0.05). The positive staining for was noted in 18 cases (62.1%) of the PTC tissue among the 30 patients, and as the TNM stage progresses, the expression rate of was significantly decrease for 7 stage I cases (100%), for 4 stage ll cases (80%) and for 7 stage ll cases (38.9%). CONCLUSION: bcl-2 was expressed more as the TNM stage of PTC decreases. So bcl-2 is possibly useful as a prognostic factor for PTC, but further studies are needed for confirming its significance.
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PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively.Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up- regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.
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Humanos , Biología , Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Exones , Genes p53 , Ganglios Linfáticos , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively.Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up- regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.
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Humanos , Biología , Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Exones , Genes p53 , Ganglios Linfáticos , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively. Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up-regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.
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Humanos , Biología , Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Exones , Genes p53 , Ganglios Linfáticos , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Popular immunohistochemical techniques for assay of estrogen receptor(ER) allow the localization of positive cells in specific cell populations. Some of breast carcinomas composed of discrete populations of cells were negative for ER, while neighboring populations of cells were positive for ER. Such heterogeneity might be due to biological or artifactual causes. METHODS: We studied 67 tissue blocks for geographic heterogeneity within the level of ER and cytokeratin(CK) by staining ER and CK. Positive distribution of ER and CK was manually assessed. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical expression revealed 50 cases for ER-positive and 17 cases for ER-negative. In 50 ER-positive cancers, homogeneity was 38 cases, heterogeneity was 11 case, and artifactural change was developed in and one case. excluded in the analysis. The rate of heterogeneity of the ER-positive cancers was 22.4%(11/49). Comparisons of homogeneity and heterogeneity according to clinicopathologic risk factors in ER-positive breast cancer demonstrated that the heterogeneity of ER was significantly higher in each subgroups; relatively younger ages(< or =50yr), premenopausal status, early menarche(< or =15yr), early stage(< or =I b), DCIS in pathology, and lower positive expression rate of ER(<50%). CONCLUSION: Clinicopathologic risk factoes would be required to discover the heterogeneity of ER-positive breast cancer. Also a long-term follow-up study on risk factors, including disease free survival, response to anti-estrogen therapy, and survival according to heterogeneity of ER would be need.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Estrógenos , Inmunohistoquímica , Patología , Características de la Población , Factores de Riesgo , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
The diagnosis of breast disease relies primarily on histopathological diagnosis of hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. Recently, the histopathological diagnosis has been complemented to an extent by analyses of a growing array of immunohistochemical and molecular markers. Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene with homologues found in organisms ranging from yeast to man. Prohibitin has anti-proliferous activity and available data suggest a role in such diverse processes as normal cell cycle regulation, replicate senescence, cellular immortalization, and the development of sporadic breast tumors. In this study, the prohibitin protein was immunohistochemically stained in representative samples from 10 patients with fibrocystic diseases, 10 with fibroadenomas, 10 with ductal carcinomas in situ, and 33 with infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. There were weaker expressions throughout the tissue in benign breast diseases, but there was stronger staining in the glandular epithelium of breast cancers than with the stromal components. The epithelial and the stromal prohibitin expressions were elevated in carcinomas in situ and in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. However, the expression was most notable in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. There was no correlation between the prohibitin protein and the histologic grade or the TNM stage in breast cancer(p<0.05). These results show that imunohistochemical staining of prohibitin can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Humanos , Enfermedades de la Mama , Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Ductal , Senescencia Celular , Ciclo Celular , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento , Diagnóstico , Epitelio , Fibroadenoma , LevadurasRESUMEN
The records of 15 cirrhotic patients with ascites and groin hernias(14 inguinal and one femoral) were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen patients underwent repair of their groin hernias. All patients were performed herniorrhaphies electively. No major and one minor(wound infection) postoperative complications occurred. There were no perioperative deaths or ascitic leak. All patients were available for follow-up. In this group, 7 deaths occurred after herniorrhaphy, 5 of 7 were Child's Class B and 2 of 7 were Child's Class C. In this same group of patients, mean alive duration were 25.7 month(4-89 months). From this retrospective study, it appears that serious complications from groin hernias in cirrhotics are not common, and elective repair can usually await control of ascites. Additionally, for appropriately selected patients with ascites, elective inguinal hernia repair can be performed safely, with an acceptable rate of recurrence.
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Humanos , Ascitis , Fibrosis , Estudios de Seguimiento , Ingle , Hernia , Hernia Inguinal , Herniorrafia , Cirrosis Hepática , Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Recurrencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable bacteria or its toxin from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract through the intestinal mucosa to other site of host. It is believed that bacterial translocation may lead to systemic infection and septicemia. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors in experimental surgical trauma lead to bacterial translocation. Two-nonth-old Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: A-control; B-anesthesia only and C-anesthesia and surgery. After 24 and 48 hours, caval blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lung and spleen were harvested aseptically and cultured for aerobic organism. To exclude the possibility of contamination during surgical manipulation and harvesting, swab culture of peritoneal surface was performed. The bacterial translocation seldom occurred 24 hours after surgical manipulation. There was a significant increase in the number of animals with bacterial translocation in group C, 48 hours after manipulation and harvesting, swab culture of peritoneal surface was performed. The bacterial translocation seldom occurred 24 hours after surgical manipulation. There was a significant increase in the number of animals with bacterial translocation in group C, 48 hours after surgical manipulation. The majority of translocating bacteria was E. coli.
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Animales , Ratas , Bacterias , Traslocación Bacteriana , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Mucosa Intestinal , Hígado , Pulmón , Ganglios Linfáticos , Sepsis , BazoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Oncogen or growth factor receptor such as phospholipase C isoenzyme gamma-1 (PLC gamma-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Her-2/neu which related with tyrosin kinasemay and then regulating vell proliferation may have a role as prognostic factors for breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With assumption that expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene has close relationship with prognosis of breast cancer, 59 breast cancer patients who were operated upon at Korea University Hospital during a period of 6 years starting June 1988 to May 1994 were selected for this study. This study was carried out by comparing between expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene and patient's survival rate. These expression were also compared with TNM system, estrogen and progesterone receptor and at same time these expressions were compared with each other to see whether there are any relationship among these expression. RESULTS: Expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu were present in 42% (25/59), 46% (27/59) and 20% (12/59). The expression of PLC gamma-1 was closely related with the expression of EGFR (p0.05). The expression of EGFR was closely related with the expression of Her-2/neu (p0.05). The expression of Her-2/neu was not closely related with hormone receptors and TNM stage except axillary lymph node metastasis. There were close relationship between overall and disease free survival and PLC gamma-1 and Her-2/neu. But EGFR had only related with disease free survival rate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene in human breast cancer may be useful prognostic factors independently and it may potentiated its individual value as a prognostic factors if use them together.