Toll-Like Receptor 10-1-6 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms Are Not Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Korean Population / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: Inflammation and infection have been associated with the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the innate immune system and initiate the inflammatory response to foreign pathogens. We investigated the relationship between TLR10-1-6 gene cluster polymorphisms and BPH. METHODS: We genotyped four promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (TLR10, rs10004195; TLR1, rs5743557; and TLR6, rs1039560 and rs1039559) by directly sequencing (233 BPH patients and 214 control subjects). SNPStats and Haploview version 4.02 were used to analyze the data. Multiple logistic regression models (log-additive, dominant, and recessive) were performed to determine odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P-values. RESULTS: The genotype and allele frequencies of each SNP was not different between the BPH and control groups (P>0.05). Haplotype analysis showed no association between the haplotype in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block and BPH (P>0.05), although the LD block was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the TLR10-1-6 gene cluster may be not associated with the development of BPH in the Korean population.

Influence of Panax ginseng on Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate problem in older men. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) on a rat model of testosterone-induced BPH. METHODS: The rats were divided into 3 groups (each group, n=10): control, testosterone-induced BPH (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection), and P. ginseng (200 mg/kg, orally) groups. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to examine the blood biochemical profiles, prostate volume, weight, histopathological changes, alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (Adra1d) mRNA expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein expression. RESULTS: The group treated with P. ginseng showed significantly lesser prostate size and weight than the testosterone-induced BPH group. In addition, P. ginseng decreased the mRNA expression of Adra1d as well as the expression of EGFR and BCL2 in prostate tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that P. ginseng may inhibit the alpha-1-adrenergic receptor to suppress the development of BPH.

Effect of Electron-beam Irradiaton on the Artificial Bone Substitutes Composed of Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphate Mixtures with Type I Collagen

Anatomic Single Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by the Two Anteromedial Portal Method: The Comparison of Transportal and Transtibial Techniques

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the results of anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by the two anteromedial portal method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical results in 33 patients with ACL rupture who were treated by anatomic ACL reconstruction using the two anteromedial portal technique. The control group included 33 patients with ACL rupture who were treated with the conventional transtibial non-anatomic method. We performed an objective instability test, both preoperatively and at the final follow-up. We also compared the clinical results of both groups using International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores as a subjective test. RESULTS: At the final follow up, the study showed that in the control group, the Lachman test was negative in 27 cases (81.8%), the pivot shift test was negative in 26 cases (78.8%), and the average anterior translocation was 3.1 mm on a KT-2000 arthrometer. In the group of patients who underwent anatomic reconstruction by the two anteromedial portal method, the Lachman test was negative in 28 cases (84.8%), the pivot shift test was negative in 30 cases (90.9%), and the average anterior translocation was 2.8 mm on the KT-2000 arthrometer. Results in the pivot shift showed statistically significant improvement compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic ACL reconstruction by two anteromedial portals is an effective surgical technique that restores the rotational stability with excellent clinical results.

Fixaton of Lesser Trochanteric Fragments on an Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of cable fixation of the lesser trochanter for treating unstable intertrochanter fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we assessed the availability of cable fixation of the lesser trochanter and the cause of complications in a series of 47 unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures that were seen between February 2001 to May 2008 at our hospital. The fractures were classified using the Evans-Jensen classification system. The lesser trochanters were fixed in 21 cases. The correlations between the lag screw position, comminution of the fracture site and the radiological results were studied. Nonunion was diagnosed if patients experienced pain and the radiographs revealed a persistent, radiolucent defect at the fracture site 6 months after fracture fixation. RESULTS: Union was observed in 43 cases (91.5%). The average union time was 3.75 months. Nonunion was observed in 4 cases (8.5%) 1 in group l and 3 in group ll. The average sliding distance of the lag screw was 8.76 mm. In groups l and ll, the distance was 4.92 mm and 12.45 mm, respectively. Excessive sliding, which was defined as more than 15mm, developed in 9 cases, and 7 of these 9 cases were in group ll. The average neck-shaft angle change was 1.28degrees and 5.81degrees, respectively. CONCLUSION: Additional cable fixation of the lesser trochanter for treating intertrochanter fractures, including large posteromedial fragments, is recommended for preventing the excessive sliding of lag screws and varus deformity.

Inhibitory Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Gynura procumbens on Human Mesangial Cell Proliferation

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. has been used in some parts of Southeast Asia as a folk medicine to treat kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. The present work was undertaken to prove the mechanisms of G. procumbens in the management of glomerular diseases. We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of G. procumbens on cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and the expressions of TGF-beta1, PDGF-BB, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 in fetal bovine serum-activated human mesangial cells (MCs). The G. procumbens extract inhibited proliferation, DNA synthesis, expressions of PDGF-BB, CDK1, and CDK2 mRNA, and expression of TGF-beta1 protein in MCs. The inhibitory effect of G. procumbens on MC proliferation may be mediated by suppression of PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 expressions and the modulation of CDK1 and CDK2 expression. Therefore, G. procumbens shows promise as an adjunct therapy in preventing progressive renal diseases.

A Case of Microscopic Polyangiitis showing Subdural Effusion and Dural Inflammation

Microcopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic disorder affecting small vessels. In MPA, the central nervous system involvements have rarely been reported. We experienced a case of MPA with subdural effusion and pachymeningitis in a 50-year-old woman. The diagnosis of MPA was made by the presence of mononeuritis multiplex, hematuria, pachymeningitis, and p-ANCA seropositivity in this patient. Subdural effusion was of exudates and an active suppurative inflammation was observed on the dural biopsy.

Risk Factors for the Early Recognition of Cow's Milk Protein-induced Enterocolitis / 소아과

PURPOSE: Cow's milk protein-induced enterocolitis (CMPIE) is a symptom complex of vomiting and/ or diarrhea caused by delayed hypersensitivity and may result in serious complications. This study was undertaken to identify high risk factors to facilitate the early recognition of CMPIE. METHODS: We reviewed the data of 101 patients, aged 15 to 45 days, admitted due to vomiting and/ or diarrhea between 2003 and 2004. After excluding 13 patients absolutely breast-fed and 2 patients transferred from other hospitals with the impression of CMPIE, the 86 study subjects were divided into three groups based on the underlying etiologies; CMPIE, infectious and non-infectious group. RESULTS: CMPIE was diagnosed in 11 patients (12.8%). On admission, failure to gain weight (P= 0.003), hypoalbuminemia (P=0.003), peripheral leukocytosis (P=0.015), and metabolic acidosis (P=0.014) were more significant in the CMPIE group than in the others. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of high risks for CMPIE were failure to gain weight < 10 g/day (OR, 10.25[95% CI, 1.62-65.06]) and serum hypoalbuminemia < 3.5 g/dL (OR, 9.18[95% CI, 1.69- 49.74]). Cow's milk challenges were performed in the 11 CMPIE patients; vomiting (81.8%), abnormal stool test (80.0%), peripheral leukocyte count and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) increase (100.0%) (P< 0.05), and enteropathy (100.0%). CONCLUSION: CMPIE is not a rare clinical disease in early infancy. The high risk factors of CMPIE were identified as follow: failure to gain weight below 10 g/day, hypoalbuminemia on admission and a rapid decrease during admission. Cow's milk challenge test with endoscopic duodenal biopsy was helpful to confirm CMPIE.

A Case of Diffuse Panbronchiolitis Developing in Childhood / 소아과

Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease predominantly affecting respiratory bronchioles, with distinct clinicopathological profiles. It was first described in 1966 by Yamanaka et al. The etiology of DPB is not yet clear, and the natural history of the disease is respiratory failure leading to cor pulmonale and ultimately death. But the long-term use of low-dose macrolide has proven to be highly effective in treating patients with DPB. Usual age at diagnosis is over 40. A few cases of DPB have been reported in Korea since 1992 but there have been no reports in children. We experienced a case of DPB in a 12-year-old girl. Therefore, we report the case with a brief review of the related literature.

Risk Factors and Prognostic Influences of Burn Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Among persons sustaining severe burns, burn wound infection may develop into devastating sepsis. The purpose of this study is to validate the risk factors for burn wound infection in order to increase the effectiveness of the early treament of those patients at high risk for burn wound infection. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 155 hospitalized burn patients with an affected burn area greater than 20% extent and who underwent wound culture because of clinically suspected wound infection from March 1997 to December 2000. RESULTS: When patient age, cause of burn, total burn surface area (TBSA), full thickness burn area (FTBA), anatomical distribution of burn, dehydration at admission treated as independent variables, TBSA and FTBA were seen to significantly influence the burn wound infection rate (p<0.05). When the length of hospital stay, interval from burn to skin graft, outcome of burn were taken as independent variables, the length of hospital stay and outcome of burn were significantly influenced by burn wound infection (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The high risk group for wound infection comprises patients with extensive TBSA or FTBA and should be selected early to undergo intensive treatment as follows ; meticulous wound monitoring and aseptic maneuver, early eschar excision and early skin graft, adequate nutritional support, isolation against hospital-acquired infection, judicious antibiotic management based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and control of emergent antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

A clinical study of liver abscess

No abstract available.