Insufficient consumption of micronutrients and common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT The study aimed to estimate the association of insufficient consumption of vitamins A, C, E, B12 and zinc on the pathogenesis of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Brazilian adolescents who participated in the Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents) from February 2013 to November 2014. The sample corresponded to the number of students (71,971) who answered the the 24-hour dietary recall and the questionnaire that addressed mental health. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed between the CMD variable and insufficient micronutrient consumption, adjusting for sex, type of school and age group variables. The level of significance adopted was p<0.05. Associations between the existence of CMD and insufficient consumption of Vitamin B12 and zinc were significant. Zinc, when consumed in small quantities, was the element that most influenced the CMD variable. Therefore, it was found that insufficient consumption of Vitamin B12 and zinc influences the presence of CMD in adolescents.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la asociación del consumo insuficiente de vitaminas A, C, E, B12 y zinc en la patogénesis de los trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) en adolescentes brasileños que participaron en el Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA), en el período de febrero de 2013 a noviembre de 2014. La muestra correspondió al número de estudiantes (71.971) que respondieron una encuesta de alimentación recordatorio de 24 horas y un cuestionario que abordaba aspectos de la salud mental. La prueba de chi-cuadrado y el análisis de regresión logística multivariada se aplicaron entre la variable TMC y el consumo insuficiente de micronutrientes, ajustando por sexo, tipo de escuela y grupo de edad. El nivel de significación aceptado fue del p<0,05. Las asociaciones entre la existencia de TMC y el consumo insuficiente de vitamina B12 y zinc fueron significativas. El zinc, cuando se consume en pequeñas cantidades, fue el elemento que más influyó en la variable TMC. Por lo tanto, se encontró que el consumo insuficiente de vitamina B12 y zinc influye en la presencia de TMC en adolescentes.

Cardiovascular Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Mental Disorders

Patients with mental disorders are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders compared to the general population. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome in individuals with mental disorders. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted at the Psychosocial Care Centers. Socioeconomic, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric data were collected using a standard form. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham risk score. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was determined by the World Health- Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and associations were evaluated by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as well as Odds Ratio. The significance level adopted for all statistical tests was 5%. Results: The chance of individuals diagnosed with MS be at intermediate-to-high cardiovascular risk was greater (12.22, 8.01 and 6.23 times higher according to WHO, NCEP and IDF criteria, respectively) than those without MS. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients with mental disorders were at intermediate / high cardiovascular risk, and this was significantly associated with MS