RESUMEN
Introdução: O contexto pandêmico tem implicações diretas na situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional atual e futura, assim é urgente avaliar a situação da insegurança alimentar em suas diferentes dimensões. Há poucos estudos que avaliam conjuntamente segurança alimentar, disponibilidade e acesso aos alimentos. Objetivo: Descrever a disponibilidade alimentar domiciliar e o acesso percebido aos alimentos segundo a situação de insegurança alimentar em domicílios de escolares na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra representativa de domicílios de escolares da educação infantil e ensino fundamental de escolas públicas de Mariana e Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados na fase inicial da pandemia, "junho e julho de 2020", por meio de entrevistas telefônicas com os responsáveis por comprar e/ou preparar os alimentos nos domicílios. Investigou-se condições socioeconômicas, acesso percebido aos alimentos, disponibilidade alimentar domiciliar e insegurança alimentar, esta avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Resultados: Dos 612 domicílios investigados, 82,0% estavam em situação de insegurança alimentar, sendo 11,3% em insegurança moderada e 5,1% em insegurança grave. Foi observada relação entre disponibilidade de frutas, hortaliças, leite, carnes e ovos com a insegurança alimentar, bem como com a percepção de dificuldade no acesso a frutas e hortaliças. Discussão: A situação de insegurança alimentar enfrentada pelos domicílios relaciona-se com menor disponibilidade de alimentos importantes para o desenvolvimento dos escolares, ademais as famílias depararam com inacessibilidade para adquirir frutas e hortaliças. (AU)
Introduction: The pandemic context impacts the current and future situation of food and nutritional security, so it is urgent to assess the situation of food insecurity in its different dimensions. There are few studies that jointly assess food security, availability, and access to food. Objective: To describe household food availability and perceived access to food according to the situation of food insecurity in households of schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households of schoolchildren in early childhood education and elementary school from public schools in Mariana and Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Data were collected in the initial phase of the pandemic, "June and July 2020", through telephone interviews with those responsible for buying and/or preparing the food in the households. Socioeconomic conditions, perceived access to food, and household food availability were investigated, and food insecurity was measured using the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Results: Of the 612 households surveyed, 82.0% of the households presented food insecurity, of which 11.3% moderate food insecurity and 5.1% severe food insecurity. A relationship was observed between the low availability of fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and eggs with food insecurity and the perception of difficulty in accessing fruits and vegetables. Discussion: The situation of food insecurity faced by households is related to low availability of essential foods for the development of schoolchildren, and families also encounter inaccessibility to acquire fruits and vegetables. (AU)
RESUMEN
Abstract Background: Due to the growing concern about work-related social and health aspects, occupational health and safety has become relevant. Objective: This work aims to develop a model to assist cardiovascular risk management in a team of haul truck operators, who work in rotating shifts at a mining company in Brazil. Methods: This longitudinal study evaluated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of 191 mineworkers at three times points - 2010, 2012, and 2015. In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was calculated, and the risk factors were analyzed using the chi-square test, the U Mann-Whitney test, and binary logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: In the study period, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides levels of the study group increased. In 2015, there was a high prevalence of alcohol intake, overweight or obesity, central obesity, inadequate WHR, high blood pressure, total cholesterol above 190 mg/dL, and triglycerides above 150 mg/dL. An association was identified between increased cardiovascular risk and age, SBP, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated glucose levels. Conclusion: Intense interventions for reduction and prevention of elevated alcohol intake, blood pressure levels, WHR, metabolic syndrome, blood glucose, and LDL-C levels, and low HDL-C levels are needed. In addition, a close monitoring of mine workers over 38 years of age who smoke, consume alcoholic beverages, and have altered blood glucose levels is important.