Voces que No lo Son: Los Problemas del Concepto Pseudoalucinación / Voices that are not: The problems of the concept of pseudo-hallucination

Resumen El término pseudoalucinación fue introducido originalmente para designar cualquier fenómeno alucinatorio que no exhibiese todas las características paradigmáticas de las alucinaciones. En nuestro medio, y siguiendo directamente la descripción de Jaspers, se ha empleado el concepto para referirse a un tipo específico de alucinaciones auditivas presentes en personas con esquizofrenia: las voces, otorgándole un valor semiológico especial. Sin embargo, esta tradición diagnóstica no es compartida en otros contextos. El presente trabajo sugiere que la formulación Jasperiana para referirse a las voces como pseudoalucinaciones es inexacta y problemática en lo relativo al valor semiológico asignado, sus bases filosóficas y el origen biológico del fenómeno observado. Junto con esto, proponemos que la falta de claridad etiológica y nosológica que caracterizan esta conceptualización ponen en duda la utilidad de su uso dentro de la psicopatología descriptiva actual. A modo de conclusión, revisamos dos alternativas que el empleo del término podría tomar dentro del campo.

The term pseudohallucination was originally introduced to characterize hallucinatory phenomena not exhibiting the paradigmatic features of hallucinations. In our context, and directly following Jaspers ' description, the term has been used to characterize a specific type of auditory hallucination in schizophrenic patients i.e. the so-called voices. However, this formation is not shared in other contexts. This paper suggests that Jaspers ' formulation is inexact and problematic when trying to describe the semiology, philosophical foundations, and aetiology of the phenomenon. In addition, we claim that this lack of etiological and nosological clarity lead to serious doubts about the real utility of the use of the term within current descriptive psychopathology. We conclude by proposing two potential alternatives that the use of the term might have within the field.

Internación psiquiátrica involuntaria: antecedentes, reflexiones y desafíos / Involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Article 12 General Commentary, explicitly states that persons with mental illnesses must always have full exercise of their legal rights in all their aspects. Assistants or support persons must not substitute or have undue influence on the decisions of persons with disabilities, including the expression of their consent. However, the number of involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations appears to be increasing globally and in our country. This article reviews the national and international context of involuntary hospitalizations, including the Chilean legislation and administrative rules, the published evidence about patients' outcomes and clinician attitudes. The authors conclude that the conflict in this issue is not limited to the respect for autonomy and the obligation to provide care. We are now experiencing a new way of caring patients. The complex local, social and cultural realities, require a renewed knowledge and documentation of experiences.