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A field experiment to compare weed management practices on growth and yield of zero till chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during rabi, 2022 at RARS, Jagtial, Telangana. Treatments include Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 700 g a.i. ha-1 , Topramezone 33.6 % SC @ 20.6 g a.i. ha-1 , Quizalofop ethyl 7.5 % + Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, T4- Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75 % (w/w) ME @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 , two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS , weed free (Season long) and Un-weeded (Check). Weed free treatment and hand weeded plots showed highest growth and yield attributing characters because of season-long weed-free conditions and better microclimate during critical period of crop respectively. Among different herbicides, Topramezone treated plot recorded higher growth parameters viz.; plant height (38.7 cm), dry matter accumulation (320.8 g m-2) and yield attributing characters viz.; total number of pods plant-1 (30.97), with seed yield (1397 kg ha-1), haulm yield (2518 kg ha-1) and harvest index (35.7 %). Post emergence herbicide topramezone can be effectively adopted for getting higher yield of chickpea in rice fallow zero tillage conditions.
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Nitrogen influence plant growth and yield of crops. To evaluate the yield potential of different pre released rice genotypes at different Nitrogen levels under Northern Telangana Zone. Experiment was laid out insplit plot design with five main plots (pre released cultures) and four sub plots (nitrogen levels) at RARS, Jagtial, Kharif 2018-19 to Rabi 2019-20.Four pre released cultures of Northern TelaganaZone viz., C1-KNM-733, C2- KNM-1638, C3- JGL 24423 and C4: JGL-H-1 along with one check variety C5-MTU-1010 were evaluated and four nitrogen levels were tested . Based on two seasons data, 100% RDN:100-120 kg N ha-1 is enough with respect to KNM 1638 during Kharif 2018 and JGL-24423 during Rabi 2018-19 with 100% RDN-120-150 kg ha-1. Application of 100% RDN was on par with 90% RDN with urea were recorded highest yields with respect to varieties KNM 1638 during Kharifand JGL-24423 during Rabi.The highest yield was recorded in with respect to varieties KNM 1638 (9341kgha-1) followed JGL24423 (9927kgha-1) compare to check (9,341 kgha-1) during kharif season. Among the nitrogen levels 100% RDN recorded highest yield (10328 kg ha-1) and increasing dose resulted in decreasing yield. But cost benefit ratio was also highest recorded in JGL-24423(1:1.37) followed by KNM 1638 (1:1.31) during kharif season. In rabithe highest yield was recorded in pre released cultures JGL 24423 (5802kgha-1) followed by KNM 733 (5731kgha-1) compare to check (4651 kgha-1) and with respect to the nitrogen levels 100% RDN recorded highest yield @5231 kg ha-1 was on par to 90%RDN @ 4774 kg ha-1. B:C ratio maximum in JGL24423 was 1.37 and KNM733 was 1.36 and among the nitrogen levels 100 RDN @ 1.32 and 90%RDN @1.02.It canbe concluded that 100% RDN-100-120 kg N ha -1 is enough with respect varieties KNM 1638 during Kharif 2018-19 and JGL-24423 during Rabi-18-19 with 100% RDN-120-150 kg ha -1.
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Background: The major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with portal hypertension is due to oesophageal varices. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered best to detect varices earlier. It’s an invasive tool which is expensive and increased financial burden among patients. Hence this study is undertaken to find non-invasive indicators of oesophageal varices in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension and to establish the role of portal vein diameter determined by ultrasonography in predicting the oesophageal varices. Aim and objectives: To detect non-invasive indicators of oesophageal varices in chronic liver disease, to determine the relation between oesophageal varices on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and portal vein diameter, to determine other non-invasive parameters to identify oesophageal varices. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study on 45 patients, who were diagnosed to have chronic liver disease and are being presented to outpatient department and were admitted in Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram over a period of one year under department of general medicine. All the patients with chronic liver disease who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are included in the study. Results: 45 patients with cirrhosis of liver were included in the study, among which 32 were males and 13 were females with a mean age group of 46 years. On upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 87% of patients had oesophageal varices while other 13% of patients were normal. Mean portal vein diameterwas 13.8 mm and has a positive linear correlation with p<0.01 and positive predictive value of 95.25%. Majority of patients belonged to the platelet count group of 50,000 to 1lakh and its inversely co related to the severity of varices. Majority of patients with oesophageal varices had moderate splenomegaly. Conclusion: Ultrasonography of portal vein diameter and spleen size along with thrombocytopenia are reliable, inexpensive and easily reproducible non-invasive tool in predicting the presence of oesophageal varices and hence can identify the patients who require endoscopy on a prophylactic basis.
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The main objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate the colon-specific pectin alginate microspheres of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of colon cancer. Calcium alginate beads were prepared by extruding 5-FU loaded alginate solution to calcium chloride solution and gelled spheres were formed instantaneously by ionotropic gelation reaction using different ratios of 5- FU and alginate, alginate and calcium chloride, stirring speeds (500-1500 rpm) and reaction time. The core beads were coated with ethyl cellulose to prevent drug release in the stomach and provide controlled dissolution of enteric coat in the small intestine and maximum drug release in the colon. Morphology and surface characteristics of the formulation were determined by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release studies were performed in conditions simulating stomach to colon transit in the presence and absence of pectinase enzyme. No significant release was observed at acidic pH, however, when it reached the intestinal pH where ethyl cellulose starts to dissolve, drug release was observed. Also, release of drug was found to be higher in presence of pectinase enzyme. The DSC and FT-IR studies were also indicates there were no interactions between the drug and the polymers used.