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INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the majority of the world's population. Currently, more emphasis has been directed towards the combined influence of education level, lifestyle instead of regular risk factors in dealing with chronic illnesses. The present paper is to assess the periodontal health status, education level and lifestyle in outpatient department of Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research (GNIDSR), Sodepur, Kolkata, West Bengal.OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to evaluate patient's education level & life style with periodontal disease. METHODOLOGY:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 subjects of 35-44 years age group over two months period. Subjects were interviewed by the questionnaire and Modified Community Periodontal Index was recorded.RESULT:The statistical analysis shows significant decrease in periodontal health status when education level increased. Also the prevalence of periodontitis with a healthy lifestyle is significantly lower when compared with an unhealthy lifestyle.CONCLUSION:There is a strong association of lifestyle and education level with periodontal health.
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Attitude of doctors towards a specific illness play major role in the care of patients. Internship, the final stage in MBBS training is important in developing attitudes towards different diseases. Psychiatric illnesses itself have stigma among doctors too. In our country there are little studies comparing the medical illness and psychiatric illness. In this study we tried to explore the attitude of interns towards Psychiatric illness and a chronic medical illness (Diabetes Mellitus). Total 136 interns who had completed their Psychiatric posting were included in this study. Medical Condition Regard Scale was used to assess the attitude towards the specific illness. The attitude of interns towards Psychiatric illness was comparable with the attitude towards Diabetes Mellitus.
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Raising a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can cause significant parental stress. This stress can cause psychological problems in them. Each parent has their own coping mechanism. In this study the psychopathology in parents of children having ASD were assessed. A total number of 50 consecutive consenting parents of children with ASD were interviewed using a semi–structured pro forma, symptom checklist 90 revised (SCL90R). Mean age for the parents was 37 (±7.40) years, and for the children, it was 8.3 (±3.42) years. There were 30 mothers. Thirty–five of parents considered their child‘s illness to be a major concern in their life. The fatalism subscale of coping was found having highest mean value followed by problem solving and expressive action
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Background & objectives: Number of metastatic lymph nodes has a strong prognostic value in the course of breast cancer treatment, morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to determine the association between axillary lymph node metastasis and several variables such as age, tumour size, grade, lymphovascular invasion, oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression and HER2/neu status in patients with breast cancer. Methods: In this study 426 (with complete information on study variables) patients with breast cancer on treatment during March 2010 to December 2013, were analyzed. TNM (tumour node matastasis) staging was evaluated. The histological grading of tumours was done according to modified Bloom-Richardson Grading System. The immunophenotype of the tumour was determined as the expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and HER2/neu status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the independent predictors of metastatic lymph node. Results: Among the studied patients, 44.36 per cent (189 of 426) of the patients had nodal metastases. Tumour histology, tumour grade, size and lympho-vascular invasion were related with node positivity. On univariate analysis, age, menopause, hormone receptor status did not relate with the node metastasis. Age, tumour grade, tumour size, lympho-vascular invasion and HER2/neu expression was likely to be associated with the number of lymph node metastasis. Interpretation & conclusions: The lymph node status was associated with clinical stage, tumour grade, tumour histology and HER2/neu status. These factors may be used for better management of such patients.
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Background: Using implants for dental applications are well-accepted procedures as one of the solutions for periodontal defect repair. Suitable design and materials, their reaction with the surrounding hard tissues and interfacial biomechanical properties are still considered to be the primary criteria which need to be addressed systematically. In the present study, a thorough and systemic approach was made to identify a suitable implant, considering the above criteria after both in vitro and in vivo animal trials. Materials and Methods: Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants, with thread and without thread models, were implanted to the mid-metaphysial portion of the tibia of the right hind leg of three white Australian Chinchilla rabbit species and their effects and response to the surrounding bone were investigated. Parameters studied included hematological and biochemical features (serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium), both preoperatively and postoperatively, consecutively for 7 days and after 1-3 months. The interfacial integrity and compositional variation along the interface were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and histopathology from 1 to 3 months consecutively. Finally, biomechanical properties were studied with the help of push-out test. Results: Bone remineralization started through the process of electro-physiological ionic exchanges, which helps in formation of osteoblastic cells in the area of bony injury. The SEM-EDAX results confirmed the initial stability for the Ti (with thread) implant, but the regeneration of new bone formation was faster in the case of Ti (Without thread) implant, and hence could be used for faster healing. These have also been substantiated through push-out and histopathlogical tests. Conclusion: From the physico-chemical and biomechanical observations, it was found that that smooth type implants were well accepted in the physiological condition although chances of elemental leaching from the surface were also observed. Increase of the surface roughness can help into the formation of physico-chemical bondage with the surrounding hard tissues.