A study on the Textbook on Nursing published in Korea in 1918 / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to better understand nursing education in the early years of the Japanese colonial rule. @*Methods@#We compared the 1918 Textbook on Nursing with the first Textbook on Nursing and to the original text, Grade A Textbook on Nursing, by the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) using the historical research method. The background of its publication and its use in nursing education were exploring, too. @*Results@#After Korea’s annexation by Japan, the nursing textbook by the JRCS was appointed as the standard textbook in nursing education by the Government-General in Korea (GGK). Missionary nurse got the permission for the nursing textbook by JRCS and the Textbook on Nursing was published in 1918 using Korean and Chinese characters in combination. This book, an adaptation of the original text, explained the responsibilities and roles of nurses to guide them in serving patients as well as assisting in treatment or directly performing emergency medical treatment when necessary, with a focus on the treatment of the war wounded. It would have been partially used in actual nursing education among the missionary community. @*Conclusion@#Textbook on Nursing in 1918 was published not only for the nursing students of missionary nursing schools but also for other nursing trainees of diverse hospitals, nurses and missionary volunteers and to help them to acquire the licenses. It reflects the enforcement on nursing education by GGK and the reality and resistance in terms of the content of education of nursing in Korea during that period.

Identification of Knowledge Structure of Pain Management Nursing Research Applying Text Network Analysis

PURPOSE@#This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis.@*METHODS@#321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis.@*RESULTS@#In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,”“patient,”“pain management,”“registered nurses,”“care,”“cancer,”“need,”“analgesia,”“assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,”“knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,”“hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,”“target groups of pain management,” and “RNs' performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,”“attitude,”“depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,”“intervention,”“analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies.@*CONCLUSION@#It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

Identification of Knowledge Structure of Pain Management Nursing Research Applying Text Network Analysis

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. METHODS: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. RESULTS: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,” “patient,” “pain management,” “registered nurses,” “care,” “cancer,” “need,” “analgesia,” “assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,” “knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,” “hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,” “target groups of pain management,” and “RNs' performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,” “attitude,” “depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,” “intervention,” “analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

Text Network Analysis of Newspaper Articles on Life-sustaining Treatments

PURPOSE: This study tried to understand discourses of life-sustaining treatments in general daily and healthcare newspapers. METHODS: A text-network analysis was conducted using the NetMiner program. Firstly, 572 articles from 11 daily newspapers and 258 articles from 8 healthcare newspapers were collected, which were published from August 2013 to October 2016. Secondly, keywords (semantic morphemes) were extracted from the articles and rearranged by removing stop-words, refining similar words, excluding non-relevant words, and defining meaningful phrases. Finally, co-occurrence matrices of the keywords with a frequency of 30 times or higher were developed and statistical measures—indices of degree and betweenness centrality, ego-networks, and clustering—were obtained. RESULTS: In the general daily and healthcare newspapers, the top eight core keywords were common: “patients,” “death,” “LST (life-sustaining treatments),” “hospice palliative care,” “hospitals,” “family,” “opinion,” and “withdrawal.” There were also common subtopics shared by the general daily and healthcare newspapers: withdrawal of LST, hospice palliative care, National Bioethics Review Committee, and self-determination and proxy decision of patients and family. Additionally, the general daily newspapers included diverse social interest or events like well-dying, euthanasia, and the death of farmer Baek Nam-ki, whereas the healthcare newspapers discussed problems of the relevant laws, and insufficient infrastructure and low reimbursement for hospice-palliative care. CONCLUSION: The discourse that withdrawal of futile LST should be allowed according to the patient's will was consistent in the newspapers. Given that newspaper articles influence knowledge and attitudes of the public, RNs are recommended to participate actively in public communication on LST.

A Comparison of Hospice Care Research Topics between Korea and Other Countries Using Text Network Analysis

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify and compare hospice care research topics between Korean and international nursing studies using text network analysis. METHODS: The study was conducted in four steps: 1) collecting abstracts of relevant journal articles, 2) extracting and cleaning keywords (semantic morphemes) from the abstracts, 3) developing co-occurrence matrices and text-networks of keywords, and 4) analyzing network-related measures including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and clustering using the NetMiner program. Abstracts from 347 Korean and 1,926 international studies for the period of 1998–2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Between Korean and international studies, six of the most important core keywords-“hospice,”“patient,”“death,”“RNs,”“care,” and “family”-were common, whereas “cancer” from Korean studies and “palliative care” from international studies ranked more highly. Keywords such as “attitude,”“spirituality,”“life,”“effect,” and “meaning” for Korean studies and “communication,”“treatment,”“USA,” and “doctor” for international studies uniquely emerged as core keywords in recent studies (2011~2016). Five subtopic groups each were identified from Korean and international studies. Two common subtopics were “hospice palliative care and volunteers” and “cancer patients.” CONCLUSION: For a better quality of hospice care in Korea, it is recommended that nursing researchers focus on study topics of patients with non-cancer disease, children and family, communication, and pain and symptom management.

Effects of a Smart Phone Individualized Distraction Intervention on Anxiety in Pre-Op Pediatric Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify whether individualized distraction intervention using a smart phone affected pre-op anxiety of children. METHODS: This was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. The participants were 30 children in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. In experimental group, a smart phone individualized distraction intervention was given to children from the reception area to the operation room. RESULTS: For heart rate, there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and control group. In the behavioral anxiety response, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and control group (t=-3.11, p=.003). CONCLUSION: The finding suggest that, for pre-op children, the individualized distraction intervention using a smart phone had some significance as a nursing intervention having a positive impact. Such interventions can help pediatric nurses to relieve pre-op anxiety and improve health of children in their care.

A Clinical Observation of Newborns of Unmarried Mothers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of prenatal care of the unmarried mothers. METHODS: Clinical characteristics of 131 newborn babies of unmarried mothers who were hospitalized at National Medical Center from April, 1998 to August, 1999 were compared to 131 newborn babies of married mothers who were also hospitalized at National Medical Center from June, 1999 to August, 1999 by reviewing their medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: Average age of mothers were 20.1+/-4.0 years in unmarried group and 28.8+/-4.4 years in married group, which was statistically significant. In unmarried group, the highest rate of maternal age (55.8%) was below 20 years of age, which showed increased tendency compared to previous report. In cesarean section rate, there was significant difference; 11.4% in unmarried group and 48.1% in married group. In the birth order, the first baby was most frequent in both groups. The sex ratio showed 1.78 : 1 with male preponderance in unmarried group and 1 : 1.02 with slight female preponderance in married group. In average gestational age, birth weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, 5 minutes Apgar score, and admission rate, there was no significant difference. The unmarried group had more babies in postmaturity and meconium-stained condition. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in growth and morbidity rate between newborn babies from unmarried mothers who had prenatal care and those from married mothers.

A Study of the Survival Rate of Childhood Cancer in Korea / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: It is known that the prognosis of childhood cancer is relatively good, however actual representative nationwide data on childhood cancer, particularly of survival rate, are rare. In this study we attempted to establish the overall survival rate of major childhood cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary source of data of childhood cancer under 15 years of age were the registry files of the Central Cancer Registry Report (Ministry of Health & Welfare) from 1993 to 1997. The above data was compared to death case data files of the same period obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office using the personal identification code. We calculated the 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates using the life table of SPSS and Kaplan-Meier method and compared the survival rate of disease according to prognostic factors. RESULTS: A total of 6,720 cases of pediatric cancer from the Central Cancer Registry files were computerized and sorted by personal identification (ID) code to extract duplicated cases as well as cases with incomplete data. The final number of cases entered in this study was 4,983. 1) The number of confirmed death cases was 1,448 (29.1%). 2) The disease distribution showed that the most common pediatric cancer was leukemia (1,468/4,983, 29%), followed by brain tumors (503/4,983, 10%), lymphoma (315/4,983, 6%), Wilms tumor (165/4,983, 3%), etc. in order by number of patients. 3) The 5 year survival rate of disease was as follows: overall 62%, acute lymphocytic leukemia 61%, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia 32%, malignant lymphoma 72%, neuroblastoma 47%, medulloblastoma 51%, Astrocytoma 66%, Wilms tumor 83%, etc. CONCLUSION: We analyzed and report the 5 year survival rate of overall childhood cancer and of each of the twelve major childhood cancers from in Korea 1993 to 1997 to provide basic data on childhood cancer statistics.