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BACKGROUND: Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA 21‑1) are supposed to have a prognostic role in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery, but it has not been used as an adjunct to the tumor‑node‑metastasis (TNM) staging system to provide therapy options for patients with pathological Stage I NSCLC. This study was designed to investigate the effect of serum levels of CEA and CYFRA 21‑1 before and after surgery on the prognosis of patients with Stage I NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed regarding the medical records and follow‑ups of 169 patients with Stage I NSCLC before and after surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on levels of serum CEA and CYFRA 21‑1 before and after surgery: (1) continuously normal‑level groups (CEA [NN] and CYFRA 21‑1 [NN] groups); (2) declined to normal‑level groups (CEA [HN] and CYFRA 21‑1 [HN] groups); and (3) continuously high‑level groups (CEA [HH] and CYFRA 21‑1 [HH] groups). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method for each group. The Chi‑square or Fisher exact test was employed to compare clinical and pathologic factors at the level of P < 0.05. The prognostic factor was evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Compared with the continuously normal‑level groups, the CEA [HN] group was significantly correlated to tumor size (P = 0.011), and the CYFRA 21‑1 [HN] group was significantly correlated to tumor type and pathological TNM in addition to tumor size. Five‑year survivals were significantly lower (P = 0.004) in the CEA [HH] group (67.3%) and the CEA [HN] group (86.5%) than in the CEA [NN] group (85.7%) and were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the CYFRA 21‑1 [HH] group (47.2%) and the CYFRA 21‑1 [HN] group (70.1%) than in the CYFRA 21‑1 [NN] group (90.1%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size (21–50 mm), CEA [HH], and CYFRA 21‑1 [HH] were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), whereas tumor size (21–50 mm), CEA [HH], CYFRA 21‑1 [HN], and CYFRA 21‑1 [HH] were independent significant prognostic factors for progression‑free survival (PFS). CONCLUSION: Patients with a persistently high serum CEA or CYFRA 21‑1 before and after surgery had shortest OS and PFS. These patients had worst prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was likely to improve survival for these patients.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de trastornos alimentarios en los alumnos de la facultad de medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo en el año 2012. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Material y métodos: Se empleó el Test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-26) a 292 alumnos de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (USAT) en el año 2012, seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados y estratificado por escuelas profesionales, en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo en Lambayeque Perú. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue 100%. 63 de los participantes fueron varones (21,5%) y 229, mujeres (78,5%). La edad promedio de los participantes fue 19,7 ±1,2 años. 3 (1,02%) alumnas encuestadas obtuvieron un resultado positivo, todas ellas mujeres y pertenecientes a la escuela de enfermería. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de trastornos alimentarios en nuestro estudio confirma hallazgos previos en poblaciones similares.
RESUMEN
A rinomanometria anterior ativa foi considerado o método de escolha para avaliaçäo da permeabilidade nasal em crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam obstruçäo nasal e foram submetidos a algum tipo de cirurgia para sua correçäo. Desta maneira, pode ser realizado, uma comparaçäo objetiva entre os resultados pré e pós-operatórios