Deepening the Action on Salt Reduction in China-suggestions on strategy and implementation plan / 中华预防医学杂志

Excessive sodium/salt intake is the leading dietary risk factor for the loss of healthy life in the Chinese population. The "Healthy China 2030" Action Plan set the goal of reducing salt intake by 20% by 2030. However, salt intake in China is still at a very high level in the world, with adults reaching 11 g/d, more than twice the recommended limit of 5 g/d. The current policies and action plans of China have targeted catering workers, children, adolescents, and home chefs in salt, oil, and sugar reduction actions. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the coordinated promotion and implementation. This study, therefore, proposed a set of comprehensive strategies (named CHRPS that is composed of communication and education, salt reduction in home cooking, salt reduction in restaurants, reducing salt content in pre-packaged food, and surveillance and evaluation) and key implementation points for further deepening the salt reduction action in China. These strategies were developed based on the main sources of dietary sodium for Chinese residents, the status of "knowledge, attitude and practice" in salt reduction, evidence of effective intervention measures, existing policies and requirements, and the salt reduction strategies of the World Health Organization and experience from some other countries. As a scientific reference, the CHRPS strategies will help the government and relevant organizations quickly implement salt reduction work and facilitate the earlier realization of China's salt reduction goal.

Assessment of the diagnostic value and prognosis of different detection markers in endocervical adenocarcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of different detection markers in histological categories of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), and their assessment of patient prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of 54 patients with ECA in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2005-2010 were performed. The cases of ECA were classified into two categories, namely human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non-human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA), based on the 2018 international endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). To detect HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in all patients, we used whole tissue section PCR (WTS-PCR) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, respectively. Additionally, we performed Laser microdissection PCR (LCM-PCR) on 15 randomly selected HR-HPV DNA-positive cases to confirm the accuracy of the above two assays in identifying ECA lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the efficacy of markers to identify HPVA and NHPVA. Univariate and multifactorial Cox proportional risk model regression analyses were performed for factors influencing ECA patients' prognoses. Results: Of the 54 patients with ECA, 30 were HPVA and 24 were NHPVA. A total of 96.7% (29/30) of HPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and 63.3% (19/30) for HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and 33.3% (8/24) of NHPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA was not detected (0/24), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). LCM-PCR showed that five patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA in the area of glandular epithelial lesions and others were negative, which was in good agreement with the E6/E7 mRNA ISH assay (Kappa=0.842, P=0.001). Analysis of the ROC results showed that the AUC of HR-HPV DNA, HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and p16 to identify HPVA and NHPVA were 0.817, 0.817, and 0.692, respectively, with sensitivities of 96.7%, 63.3%, and 80.0% and specificities of 66.7%, 100.0%, and 58.3%, respectively. HR-HPV DNA identified HPVA and NHPVA with higher AUC than p16 (P=0.044). The difference in survival rates between HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) positive and negative patients was not statistically significant (P=0.156), while the difference in survival rates between HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive and negative patients, and p16 positive and negative patients were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) staging (HR=19.875, 95% CI: 1.526-258.833) and parametrial involvement (HR=14.032, 95% CI: 1.281-153.761) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with ECA. Conclusions: HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA is more reflective of HPV infection in ECA tissue. The efficacy of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) in identifying HPVA and NHPVA is similar, with higher sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA and higher specificity of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA. HR-HPV DNA is more effective than p16 in identifying HPVA and NHPVA. HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positive ECA patients have better survival rates than negative.

Increases in GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in the cerebellar molecular layer of young adult CBA/J mice / 한국실험동물학회지

Background@#CBA/J mice are standard experimental animals in auditory studies, and age-related changes in auditory pathways are well documented. However, changes in locomotion-related brain regions have not been systematically explored. @*Results@#We showed an increase in immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebellar molecular layer associated with Purkinje cells in mice at 24 weeks of age but not in the younger mice. Increased GFAP immunoreactivity appeared in the form of clusters and distributed multifocally consistent with hyperplasia of astrocytes that were occasionally associated with Purkinje cell degeneration. Three out of 12 animals at 16 and 24 weeks of age exhibited pre-convulsive clinical signs. Two of these 3 animals also showed increased GFAP immunoreactivity in the cerebellum. Rotarod behavioral assessments indicated decreased performance at 24 weeks of age. @*Conclusions@#These results suggest minimal to mild reactive astrocytosis likely associated with Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum at 24 weeks of age in CBA/J mice. These findings should be taken into consideration prior to using this mouse strain for studying neuroinflammation or aging.

Increases in GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in the cerebellar molecular layer of young adult CBA/J mice / 한국실험동물학회지

Background@#CBA/J mice are standard experimental animals in auditory studies, and age-related changes in auditory pathways are well documented. However, changes in locomotion-related brain regions have not been systematically explored. @*Results@#We showed an increase in immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebellar molecular layer associated with Purkinje cells in mice at 24 weeks of age but not in the younger mice. Increased GFAP immunoreactivity appeared in the form of clusters and distributed multifocally consistent with hyperplasia of astrocytes that were occasionally associated with Purkinje cell degeneration. Three out of 12 animals at 16 and 24 weeks of age exhibited pre-convulsive clinical signs. Two of these 3 animals also showed increased GFAP immunoreactivity in the cerebellum. Rotarod behavioral assessments indicated decreased performance at 24 weeks of age. @*Conclusions@#These results suggest minimal to mild reactive astrocytosis likely associated with Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum at 24 weeks of age in CBA/J mice. These findings should be taken into consideration prior to using this mouse strain for studying neuroinflammation or aging.

Exploration of silicon functions to integrate with biotic stress tolerance and crop improvement

In the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.

Role of oxytocin in neonatal rat hippocampal neurons after hypoxic-ische-mic injury / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate whether oxytocin has neuroprotective effects on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal neurons from neonatal rats exposed to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:An in vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic injury was used by exposing the brain slices to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)solution. Acute dissociated brain slices(6~8 slices per rat)from 8 Sprague-Dawely rats of 7~10 d old were used.The slices were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, OGD 20 min group, OGD 40 min group and OGD +oxytocin group.The effect of oxytocin on neuronal death was evaluated by TO-PRO-3 staining.Fresh brain slices from other 20 neonatal rats were divided into OGD group,OGD+oxytocin group,OGD+dVOT(oxytocin receptor antagonist)+oxytocin group,and OGD+bicucuclline(GABAAreceptor antagonist)+oxytocin group.The onset of anoxic depolarization in the hippocampal neurons treated with different drugs was recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques.RESULTS: The results of TO-PRO-3 staining showed that neuronal deaths in hippocampal CA 1 area were increased over the prolonged OGD time.Oxyto-cin significantly reduced the hypoxic-ischemic deaths.Oxytocin dramatically prolonged the onset time of anoxic depolariza-tion after the application of OGD solution.Both dVOT and bicuculline blocked this effect.CONCLUSION: Oxytocin plays a neuroprotective role in neonatal rat hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal neurons by enhancing the inhibitory synaptic trans-mission via oxytocin receptors.Therefore,oxytocin is useful as a candidate for neuroprotective treatment after neonatal hy -poxic-ischemic brain injury.

Comparison of anterior segment parameters with Lenstar 900 and Sirius system / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To compare the anterior segment measurements derived from optical low coherence reflectometer ( Lenstar LS900 ) and combined Scheimpflug - Placido disk topographer ( Sirius) . METHODS: ln this study, we enrolled healthy myopic subjects 54 ( 87 eyes ) . The central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), flat keratometry ( FK) readings , steep keratometry ( SK ) readings and white to white ( WTW ) were measured by LS900 and Sirius. Evaluation and analysis were performed using paired t tests, the Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The CCT and ACD measurements were significantly lower whereas FK, SK and WTW measurements were higher with LS900 (P CONCLUSlON: Anterior segment parameters evaluated with LS900 and Sirius systemare correlated well and achieve good agreement. However, there are significantly statistical differences which may be caused by the different measurement modes, so they may not be interchangeable use under certain clinical circumstances.

Complement system and tumor:research progress Complement system and tumor:research progress / 国际药学研究杂志

Complement system is an important component of innate immunity and has been recognized as an effective means to inhibit tumor. However,in last decades,accumulating studies showed unexpected results that the complement components and their activation products could promote development of malignancies by secreting growth factors,activating signal pathway and promoting tumor angiogenesis. Herein,the relationship between the complement system and tumor is reviewed.

Complement system and tumor: Research progress / 国际药学研究杂志

Complement system is an important component of innate immunity and has been recognized as an effective means to inhibit tumor. However, in last decades, accumulating studies showed unexpected results that the complement components and their activation products could promote development of malignancies by secreting growth factors, activating signal pathway and promoting tumor angiogenesis. Herein, the relationship between the complement system and tumor is reviewed.

Serological monitoring reports of a population at high risk of brucellosis in Qian'an County of Hebei Province in 2011 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the current situation of human brucellosis infection in a population at high risk in Qian'an,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Towns with centralized residents working in sheep breeding,transporting,slaughtering and processing in Jianchangying,Muchangkou and Xiaguanying of Qian'an were selected.In each selected town,2-3 villages with relatively centralized households working in sheep farming,transportation and slaughtering were chosen.All of the people who contacted the sheep or their excrement were chosen as monitoring objects,and serological antibody was tested with rose Bengal plate test(RBPT) and serum agglutination test(SAT).Regional,gender,age and occupational distribution of brucellosis were analyzed.Results A total of 367 blood samples were tested,46 of them were positive in both RBPT and SAT with a ratio of 12.53％ (46/367).Male positive rate [13.51％ (30/222)] was slightly higher than that of females [11.03％(16/145)].The rate in Jianchangying was higher than that of other two towns with a ratio of 13.38％(40/299).The veterinary population had the highest ratio of 33.33％(1/3).Conclusions It is necessary to carry out the surveillance on brucellosis and to further strengthen communication with the animal husbandry department,and strengthen protection on key population.At the same time,in order to control the spread of the disease,extensive health education and intervention measures should be carried out.

Establishing a mouse model of radiation-induced thymus injury / 中国组织工程研究

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.014

Association of visual system homeobox gene polymorphisms with the risk of sporadic keratoconus / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Keratoconus is a bilateral,noninflammatory,gradually progressive corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and steepening of the central cornea.It is significant to investigate keratoconusrelated pathogenic gene for elaborating the pathogenesis and establishing early diagnosis standard and taking clinical measurement.Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of visual system homeobox gene (VSX1) polymorphism and the risk of sporadic keratoconus.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Commission of First Hospital of Xi' an.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment.A case-controlled study was conducted.One hundred and one Han nationality patients with sporadic keratoconus were included in this study.These keratoconus patients were clinically diagnosed by slit lamp examination and corneal tomography.Single nucleolide polymorphism (SNP) of VSX1 gene was assayed and classified using the MassARRAY SNP technique.Demography and relevant risk factors were collected from each subject by questionnaire.Eighty healthy volunteers served as controls.Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency and to analyze the association with keratoconus risks.Results SNP of two genes was found in the Chinese Han population (rs743018 (c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T)).There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency and allele frequency of the SNP of two genes in the keratoconus group in comparison with the normal control group (P＞0.05).After adjustment by age and sex,SNP of two genes was not significantly associated with the risk of keratoconus (regression model:rs743018 (C＞T) adjusted:P=0.35,OR=0.72,95％ CI:0.37-1.43 ;rs6138482 (C＞T) adjusted:P =0.48,OR=0.76,95％ CI:0.35-1.64).Conclusions Gene polymorphisms of rs743018(c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T) in the Chinese Han population is not associated with the risk of keratoconus.Due to the racial difference in genotype and allele frequency,the role of the VSX1 gene in the pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains controversial,and further study needs to be developed.

Clinical discussion on the pathological diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in gastric biopsy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value and inadequacy in clinical practice of the concept of gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HIN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five cases with gastric HIN diagnosed by the esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) biopsy were treated from 2003 to 2009. The clinical and histopathological data were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Radical surgeries were successfully performed on all the patients, among whom 33 underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy, 3 proximal partial gastrectomy, 7 total gastrectomy, and 2 endoscopic mucosal resection. In postoperative pathological examination, only 15 cases (33.3%) were HIN, while 14 cases (31.1%) were found to be early gastric cancers, and 16 (35.6%) were advanced cancers. Twelve(40.0%) out of 30 cancers had regional lymph nodes metastasis. When the maximum diameter of the HIN lesion was greater than 3.0 cm, or when ulcer or the features of poorly-differentiated carcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma were present in preoperative biopsy, the likelihood of cancer in postoperative pathological examination was higher (P<0.05), and when malignancy was confirmed, the presence of the features above was associated with lymph nodes metastasis and advanced cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Carcinoma is identified in a large proportion of patients with gastric HIN by the EGD biopsy. Lymph nodes metastasis or advanced cancer may be detected in these cases. Cautions must be taken when the new concept of HIN is widely used for diagnosing gastric lesion. Radical resection should be considered when the maximum diameter of the HIN lesion is greater than 3.0 cm, or when ulcer, or the feature of poorly-differentiated carcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma are present in the EGD biopsy.</p>

Effect of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy on acute phase responses in patients with esophageal carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy on acute phase responses in patients with esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight patients with middle or low thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. The patients were divided into small incision group (n = 25) and conventional group (n = 23) according to the patients' will. Serum levels of acute phase proteins C reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), α₁-acid glycoprotein (α₁-AG), ceruloplasmin (CER), transferrin (TRF), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), album protein (ALB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured and compared on 1st day before operation, at 18 hours as well as 3rd and 7th day after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in all the acute phase proteins indicators and IL-6 between the small incision and conventional groups at each time points after operation (P > 0.05). In both groups the levels of CRP, α₁-AG and HPT were significantly higher after operation than before operation (P < 0.05). The levels of ALB and TRF were significantly lower after operation than before operation (P < 0.05). The levels of CER and β₂-MG were not significantly different during perioperative period (P > 0.05). The level of TNF-α was significantly higher in the small incision group than that in the conventional group at the 18 hours postoperationally (P < 0.05), and were not significantly different on the other time points between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with conventional operation, the small incision Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy do not significantly alleviate the stress of the surgical trauma in patients. Unchanging the essence of operation, if one is trying to minimize the stress caused by surgery on patients, the key factor is not the size of incision. An effective approach should be found in other operation-related factors.</p>

Killing effect improved by fusion gene HRE1.Egr-1. yCDglyTK on gene-radio therapy of nasopharyngeal cancer in vitro / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To construct hypoxia/radiation inducible promotor HRE1.Egr-1, and to observe its promotive effect on the expression of yCDglyTK gene in nasopharyngeal cancer HNE-1 cells and the anti-tumor effect of yCDglyTK and to lay an experimental foundation for further exploration of new gene-radio therapy of nasopharyngeal cancer.@*METHODS@#pcDNA3.1(-)HRE1.Egr-1.yCDglyTK was constructed by gene recombination technique. Stable yCDglyTK-expressing HNE-1 cells were generated by transfecting the recombinant plasmid into the target cells with liposome. The expression of yCDglyTK was detected by Western blot in 4 groups: a normoxia group, a radiation group, a hypoxia group, and a hypoxia and radiation group. The killing effect of 5-FC in different circumstances was determined by MTT.@*RESULTS@#The expression of yCDglyTK/5-FC gene in all the groups was significantly different(P<0.01),especially in the hypoxia and radiation group. The killing effect of 5-FC on HNE1 cells varied under different conditions, especially in the hypoxia and radiation group.@*CONCLUSION@#Hypoxia and radiation can induce the activity of fusion promoter HRE1.Egr-1, and obviously promote the anti-tumor effect of yCDglyTK/5-FC system, suggesting that yCDglyTK may be a candidate suicide gene for gene-radio therapy of NPC.

Identification and expression of non-coding RNAs NC28 and NC119 in human tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and identify the non-coding RNAs related to tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used RT-PCR and Northern blot to analyze non-coding RNAs in tumor tissues and cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two predicted non-coding RNAs were confirmed to be expressed in cancer tissues and cell lines by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. We detected the expression of two non-coding RNA transcripts by Northern blot. The length of NC28 was about 1800 nt, and that of NC119 was about 1200nt.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NC28 and NC119 have a tumor-associated expression pattern. The non-coding RNAs may play a role in the development of tumors.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis and genetic investigation of two families with cherubism / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study genetic feature, clinical and histopathological characteristic of two Chinese kindreds with cherubism (CBM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two Chinese kindreds with CBM were investigated. The affected individuals of two families were analyzed with medical history, clinical manifestations, classified grading system, radiographic assessment, histopathological findings, and hereditary nature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 individuals affected with CBM in family A and 3 patients involving three generations in family B. Two probands were diagnosed aggressive form cherubism and classified as grade IV. In histopathological findings, besides varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells in a stroma of fibroblasts and the eosinophilic cuffing surrounding some vessels, actively proliferating areas with clear mitoschisis and relative dormant areas with loose fibrous tissue and bone were also presented in microscopic fields of the lesion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cherubism is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance. The diagnosis should be based on the genetic, clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of the disease.</p>

Development and actuality of patient monitoring products in our country / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new specialty and trend of the clinical patient monitoring products have appeared. They include the consciousness of clinical monitoring, the product supply, the functional expansion, the application of new techniques in the patient monitoring and the development of the clinical information system (CIS).

A cost & benefit management system for investment equipments / 中国医疗器械杂志

Being aimed at the management of investment equipments, the flow of data has been put forward and the two main modes of data calculating have been established by our relying on No.1 Network of Military Healthy. The real-time management has been realized by the system in regard to eguipments' contact, charges, payouts, interest, payment, forecast and decision-makiing. It has been steadily test-running for more than 10 months in our hospital, and data have been processed exactly and creditably.

Clinical and immunological studies on neonatal infectious pneumonia / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore etiology, clinical manifestation and immunological changes of infectious pneumonia of neonates in Chengdu area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum specimens were collected from 111 infants with infectious pneumonia. Eight viral and mycoplasmal specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); C reactive protein (CRP), total IgG and its subclasses, IgA and IgM were determined by rate scattered nephelometry; T lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method, and clinical and other laboratory data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Etiological agents: specific serum IgM antibodies were positive in 40 of 111 cases (36.0%) with pneumonias. All the 30 control infants were negative for the specific serum IgM antibodies. Among 111 infants with infectious pneumonia, 20.7% had single viral or mycoplasmal infection, 40.5% had bacterial infection, 15.3% had viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection; 23.4% had infection with unknown agents. (2) The most common clinical manifestations were tachypnea and cyanosis. The next were cough, milk choking, rales, retractions of the supraclavicular, intercostal and subcostal areas. Roentgenographic examination commonly revealed vague opacities, increased density and patchy infiltration. (3) Immune status: (1) CD(3), CD(4) cell counts of infants with pneumonias were lower than those of the controls while their serum IgA, IgM concentrations were higher than those of the control. (2) The CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts of the group with bacterial infection were lower than those of the control group. (3) The serum IgA concentration of the group with viral and mycoplasmal infection was higher than those of the control group and the group with unknown infection. (4) The serum IgM concentration of the group with bacterial infection was higher than those of the control group. (5) There were no significant differences in CD(8) cell counts, CD(4)/CD(8), concentration of serum IgG and IgG(1 - 4) between pneumonia group and the control group, and among various infectious groups and the control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pathogens of neonatal infectious pneumonia in Chengdu area included single viral or mycoplasmic infection or bacterial infection, viral and mycoplasmal infection with bacterial infection, and unknown infection. Immunological changes of newborn infants suffered from infectious pneumonia included declined CD(3) and CD(4) cell counts, particularly in bacterial infection.</p>