Home Skincare Device Induced Erythema Ab Igne on the Neck: An Emerging Disease Related to a New Technology / 대한피부과학회지

Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a persistent chronic skin condition that is characterized by reticulated macular hyperpigmented lesions caused by repeated exposure to infrared radiation. EAI has reemerged in recent years because of the increasing infrared exposure due to the use of new technologies, such as portable computers and automobile seat heaters. We report a case of a 54-year-old female patient presenting with asymptomatic mottled brownish plaque on both sides of her neck for 1 month prior to the visit. Patient history revealed that she had used a home skincare device for skin rejuvenation and relaxation. The clinicopathological features suggested a diagnosis of EAI. To our knowledge, there has only been one reported case of EAI on the neck related to a thermal pillow, and this was the first case of EAI related to the self-skincare devices. Herein, we report a rare case of EAI presenting on both sides of the neck due to the use of a modern home skincare device.

A Case of Cutaneous Lymphatic Rupture on Calf Secondary to Punch Biopsy / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of Scalp in a Distant Location 10 Years after Primary Excision

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a slow growing low-grade cutaneous sarcoma. Local recurrence after excision is common due to the poorly defined periphery that renders histological control of surgical margin difficult, Mohs micrographic surgery is the optimal method for treatment. A 41 years old male patient, who had a previous history of DFSP, came to our dermatology clinic for evaluation of an asymptomatic firm flesh-colored nodule on the forehead. Total excision biopsy was done and the mass was histologically proved as DFSP. Wide excision with reconstruction was performed and showed no sign of recurrence till 18-month follow up. Local recurrence is known to be common for DFSP but a new visible lesion distant from the initial site may be confused as a de novo lesion or a benign neoplasm especially in scalp area, and thus interrupt early detection of DFSP. Herein, we report a case of recurrent DFSP of scalp which recurred distant from the original lesion.

A Case of Extramammary Paget's Disease and Candidiasis of the Vulvar Area / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Case of Wolf's Isotopic Response Presenting as Bullous Pemphigoid

No abstract available.

A Case of Exophytic Pilomatricoma Clinically Resembling Keratoacanthoma

No abstract available.

A Case of Primary Form of Pachydermoperiostosis / 대한피부과학회지

Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a male predominant rare genodermatosis. Various clinical presentations includes pachydermia (thickened and folded skin), periostosis and digital clubbing. Both the skin and the extremity findings are seen in the complete form, whereas the incomplete form lacks the skin findings. We report a case of primary form of pachydermoperiostosis together with literature review.

The History, Principles, and Adverse Effects of Cryolipolysis / 대한피부과학회지

Recently, various modalities for noninvasive reduction of adipose tissue, including cryolipolysis, radiofrequency, low-level laser therapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound, have become available. Among these modalities, cryolipolysisis can selectively target certain tissues rich in lipids. Many preclinical and clinical studies have established the safety and efficacy of cryolipolysis for noninvasive body contouring. However, it can lead to serious adverse effects when performed by untrained clinicians. Thus, to promote the proper and safe use of cyolipolysis, we have summarized the history, basic principles, and adverse effects of cyolipolysis.

Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Proton Beam Therapy for Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal dose of proton beam therapy (PBT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inoperable HCC patients who had naive, recurrent, or residual tumor to treatment were considered eligible for PBT. Patients received PBT with 60 GyE in 20 fractions (dose level 1; equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions [EQD2], 65 GyE10); 66 GyE in 22 fractions (dose level 2; EQD2, 71.5 GyE10); or 72 GyE in 24 fractions (dose level 3; EQD2, 78 GyE10). Dose-limiting toxicity was determined by grade > or = 3 acute toxicity. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled; eight, seven, and 12 patients were treated with dose levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities. The complete response (CR) rates of primary tumors after PBT for dose levels 1, 2, and 3 were 62.5% (5/8), 57.1% (4/7), and 100% (12/12), respectively (p=0.039). The 3-and 5-year local progression-free survival (LPFS) rates among 26 patients, excluding one patient who underwent liver transplantation after PBT due to its probable significant effect on disease control, were 79.9% and 63.9%, respectively, and the 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 56.4% and 42.3%, respectively. The 3-year LPFS rate was significantly higher in patients who achieved CR than in those who did not (90% vs. 40%, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: PBT is safe and effective and an EQD2 > or = 78 GyE10 should be delivered for achievement of local tumor control.

Clinical and Virological Responses to Clevudine Therapy of Hepatocelluar Carcinoma Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The clinical effects of clevudine have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infections (CHIs). In this investigation, we assessed whether clevudine induced biochemical and virological improvements in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with CHI. METHODS: Fifty-four patients who received 30 mg clevudine for more than 24 weeks between 2007 and 2009 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea, were enrolled. Among these cases, 39 had HCC (CHI/HCC group) and 15 did not (CHI group). RESULTS: In relation to the CHI group, the CHI/HCC group was older (55.5 years.) and had a higher liver cirrhosis rate (79.5%) (p0.05). Liver function was preserved with clevudine treatment in patients displaying response or stable disease under anti-cancer therapy. Four patients (7.4%) developed viral resistance during clevudine therapy. Among these, one was naive, and three had previously received antiviral therapy. One CHI/HCC patient (1.9%) discontinued clevudine treatment due to symptomatic myopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings clearly indicate that clevudine has comparable antiviral and biochemical effects in patients with CHI and with CHI/HCC and preserves the underlying liver function in HBV-related HCC patients.

Synergistic growth inhibition by combination of adenovirus mediated p53 transfer and cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the synergistic growth inhibitory effect by combination of adenovirus mediated p53 gene transfer and cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines with different p53 gene mutation patterns. METHODS: Three ovarian cancer cell lines, p53 deleted SKOV3, p53 mutated OVCAR-3, and PA-1 with wild-type p53 were transduced with human adenovirus vectors carrying p53 gene (Ad-p53) and treated with a sublethal concentration of cisplatin before and after Ad-p53. The cell number was counted daily for 5 days after Ad-p53 transduction. Western blotting was used to identify p53 and p21 protein expressions, and flow cytometric analysis was performed to investigate any change of DNA ploidy after Ad-p53 transfer. RESULTS: Ad-p53 transduced cells successfully expressed p53 and p21 proteins after 48 hours of Ad-p53 transduction. Synergistic growth inhibition by combination of Ad-p53 and cisplatin was detected only in SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells, but not in PA-1 cells. In p53 deleted SKOV3 cells, cisplatin treatment after Ad-p53 showed higher growth inhibition than the treatment before Ad-p53 transduction, and reverse relationship was observed in p53 mutated OVCAR-3 cells. In SKOV3 cells, the fraction of cells at G2/M phase increased after cisplatin treatment, however, it decreased dramatically with Ad-p53 transduction. CONCLUSION: The synergistic growth inhibition by combination of Ad-p53 and cisplatin may depend on the p53 status and the temporal sequence of cisplatin treatment, suggesting judicious selective application of this strategy in clinical trials.

Amputation Neuroma Mimicking Common Bile Duct Cancer: A Case Report / 대한소화기학회지

Amputation neuroma or traumatic neuroma is a tumor-like secondary hyperplasia that may develop after an accidental or surgical trauma. Amputation neuroma of the bile duct has occasionally been reported which occurred in the cystic duct stump late after the cholecystectomy. However, even if the amputation neuroma is suspected in a patient with late-onset jaundice after cholecystectomy, the differential diagnosis from a malignancy is difficult preoperatively. We experienced a case of the amputation neuroma of common bile duct (CBD) developed in a 70-year-old man who presented with a polypoid mass in CBD. He had undergone cholecystectomy 25 years ago and choledochojejunostomy 12 years ago, respectively. We have performed pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PPPD) under the impression of CBD cancer. He had not been diagnosed of amputation neuroma until having undergone PPPD. We report a case of CBD neuroma mimicking CBD cancer, which was confirmed after PPPD.

Gastric Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated by Transarterial Chemoembolization: A Case Report / 대한간학회지

Extrahepatic metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs frequently. The most common site of metastasis is the lung, followed by regional lymph nodes and bones. However, gastrointestinal metastasis of HCC is a rare condition and solitary polypoid metastatic lesion on stomach without any evidence of direct invasion from primary mass is very rare. These metastatic lesions are usually asymptomatic, and most are discovered at postmortem examination or are found incidentally during laparotomy. The choice of treatment for gastrointestinal metastatic lesion of HCC includes surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, and local injection but the treatment is often difficult and unsuccessful. We report a case of 69 years old man who presented disappearance of a polypoid metastatic lesion of HCC on the gastric fundus by transarterial chemoembolization.

Five-year Survival Analysis of a Cohort of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Who Treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We investigated the five-year survival outcomes of a large cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who were treated at a single institute, and this is a follow-up study of a previous report. METHODS: Nine hundred four HCC patients who were treated at the National Cancer Center Korea were enrolled and they were followed till February 2007. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 56.0 years and 731 patients were male. Six hundred seventy-seven (74.9%) patients died and the overall 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) was 23.9%. The 5-YSRs of the patients with modified UICC stage I, II and III were 61.2%, 54.4% and 18.4%, respectively, and the median survival time was 4.3 and 3.7 months for the stage IVa and IVb patients, respectively. For the analysis of the treatment modality, surgical resection showed significantly better outcomes for the five-year survival as compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for Child-Pugh A patients with modified UICC stage I or II disease (80.1% vs 52.8%, respectively, P<.001), or stage III disease (60.7% vs 17.0%, respectively, P<.001). For patients with advanced stage IVb disease, TACE, systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased the median survival period more than conservative management for the Child-Pugh class A patients. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level, portal vein tumor thrombosis, the Child-Pugh class, the tumor stage, the tumor type and symptoms were related to the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study presented, for the first time, the 5-YSRs of a cohort of HCC patients.

Mutation analysis of p31(comet) gene, a negative regulator of Mad2, in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Failure of mitotic checkpoint machinery leads to the chromosomal missegregation and nuclear endoreduplication, thereby driving the emergence of aneuploidy and tetraploidy population. Although abnormal nuclear ploidy and the resulting impairment of mitotic checkpoint function are typical physiological event leading to human hepatocellular carcinoma, any mutational change of mitotic checkpoint regulators has not yet been discovered. Therefore, we investigated the mutation of p31(comet), a recently identified mitotic checkpoint regulator, in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Of 51 human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and 6 cell lines tested, five samples exhibited nucleotide sequence variations dispersed on four sites within the entire coding sequence. Among these sites with sequence substitutions, three were found to be missense mutation accompanied with amino acid change but one was a silent mutation. Of these sequence substitutions, two were present in both tumor and non-tumor liver tissues, suggesting the possibility of polymorphism. The present findings indicate that p31(comet) does not have an impact on the formation of aneuploidy and tetraploidy found in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Prognostic Factor Analysis of 200 Consecutive Hepatic Resections for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PURPOSE: The long-term outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is somewhat disappointing because of tumor recurrence. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prognostic factors and to suggest the data to improve the long-term outcome of hepatic resection for HCC. METHODS: A retrospective survey was carried out in 200 patients undergoing hepatic resection for HCC from April 2001 to June 2004. The various clinicopathologic factors were analysed for the overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) rates by the univariate test (log rank test) and multivariate test (Cox regression model). RESULTS: There were one hospital mortality and 23% morbidity after partial hepatectomy. Intraoperative transfusion was given to 20 patients (10%). Mean follow-up period was 19 months (range, 2-43). The 1-, 2- and 3-year OS rates after hepatic resection for HCC were 90.5%, 86.8% and 76.2% and the 1-, 2- and 3-year DFS rates were 65.5%, 54.3% and 49.4%, respectively. By the univariate analysis for OS, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Child-Pugh classification, Edmondson-Steiner histologic grade, microvascular invasion, major vessel invasion, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), TNM stage, transfusion, surgical margin involvement and presence of complication were significant for survival. By the multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh classification, Edmondson-Steiner histologic grade, major vessel invasion and complication were independent risk factors for OS. Whereas viral marker, Child-Pugh classification, microvascular invasion, major vessel invasion, AFP, TNM stage, surgical margin involvement and presence of complication were the significant risk factors for DFS by the univariate analysis, viral marker, microvascular invasion, major vessel invasion, surgical margin involvement and presence of complication were the independent predictive factors of the DFS. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection for HCC has become safe. To improve the long-term outcome of hepatic resection for HCC, the patients with poor liver function or major vessel invasion should be precluded in hepatic resection, if possible, and adequate surgical margin and avoidance of complication are mandatory.

Analysis of 50 Consecutive Hepatic Resection Cases for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

PURPOSE: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is the second most common primary liver cancer and constitutes 10% of primary liver malignancies. The prognosis of hepatic resection for CCC and the specific factors influencing survival remain unclear. The aims of this study were to analyze the survival outcome and the prognostic factors in patients with CCC who underwent hepatic resection and suggest relevant prognostic factors. METHODS: Between April 2001 and February 2006, 50 patients with CCC underwent hepatic resection. Patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma were excluded. All patients were considered resectable based on dynamic CT or MRI findings. Patients with R1 resection or nodal invasion received adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. Twenty-four clinicopathological factors were divided into three into categories and analyzed to evaluate their influence on the outcomes. RESULTS: There were 2 operative death (mortality; 4%). Postoperative complications occurred in 12 of the 50 (24%) patients. The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival rates were 69.8%, 53.6% and 46.9% respectively. The following variables were significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis. Age, presence of hepatitis or liver cirrhosis in patient-related factors, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage according to 6th AJCC in tumor-related factors and intraoperative transfusion in treatment-related factors. Multivariate analysis identified only lymph node metastasis is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection remains the most effective therapeutic option for CCC. Lymph node metastasis was the single worst prognostic factor for CCC resection. Further study for the benefit of resection for the lymph node positive CCC is needed.

A Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Treated by Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare a lowgrade malignant tumor of endothelial origin. The natural history of this tumor is unpredictable and it is difficult to differentiate from cholangiocarcinoma or metastatic liver tumor on imaging study. A case of HEHE treated by living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is presented. A 52-year-old man was admitted because of multiple bilobar liver masses. The histological appearances of the preoperative biopsy showed positive immunostaining for factor VIII and CD34 antigens. So it was dagrored as HEHE The tumor was unresectable because of multiple involvement of both lobes of the liver. The tumor was enlarged after 3months, which prompted the decision to perform LDLT. The right liver of the donor was transplanted to the recipient. The intraoperative & postoperative courses were uneventful. At the time of writing, the patient had survived for 13 months without any complications.

Clinical Study of Gallbladder Carcinoma Identified after Simple Cholecystectomy as an Initial Operation

PURPOSE: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare neoplasm with poor prognosis. With the introduction and the wide acceptance of laparoscopic surgery, the diagnostic rate of incidental GBC has increased. We report our experience with the reoperated GBC diagnosed after simple cholecystectomy. METHODS: From March 2001 to July 2005, 17 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of GBC after prior simple cholecystectomy were referred to our center for curative reoperation. The types of simple cholecystectomy were open cholecystectomy in 5 cases, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 12 cases. The types of reoperation were hepatic wedge resection with lymph node dissection (HWR /(c) LND, n=9), HWR with LND and bile duct resection (HWR /(c) LND and BDR, n=4), right hepatectomy (RH) with LND and BDR (n=1), extended RH with LND, BDR and caudate lobectomy (n=1) and extended left hepatectomy with LND and BDR (n=1). Residual tumor is defined as the tumor tissue detected on reoperation; bile duct, liver, lymph node, lymphatics, vessels and nerves. RESULTS: There is no operative mortality. The median hospital stay was 18.5days (range, 8 - 44 days). The median interval between 1st and 2nd operation was 23.5 days (range, 6 - 44 days). The median operative time was 379 minutes (range, 240-726). Five complications occurred in 4 patients. One patient received intraoperative transfusion. The depth of tumor invasion in 17 patients was T2 in 15, T3 in 1, and T4 in 1. There was no residual tumor in 8 out of 17 patients. In the other 9 patients, the residual tumor was identified after reoperation; liver in 2, lymph node in 7, bile duct in 3, lymphatics in 6, vessels in 3, and nerves in 3. Three patients of 17 patients recurred and 2 patients of them died. In curative reoperation after simple cholecystectomy, the median follow-up length was 14.7 months (1-53 months). One- and two-year survival rates were 90.9%, 79.6%, respectively. Vascular, lymphatic, and neural invasions were the significant risk factors for recurrence by the log-rank test. CONCLUSION: Reoperation of GBC diagnosed after simple cholecystectomy is safe and may be effective. Lymphatic, vascular, and neural invasion may have a dismal effect on the disease-free survival.

Survival Analysis for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma according to Stage, Liver Function and Treatment Modalities / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is 3rd leading cause of cancer in Korea and the prognosis for HCC patients is poor. For assessing the present treatment outcome, this study analyzed the three-year survival rate (3-YSR) and the prognostic factors for patients with HCC in Korea. METHODS: Between November 2000 and December 2003, 905 patients with HCC who were diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Center Korea were enrolled in this study. The clinical variables, tumor characteristics and survival periods were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 56.2+/-10.3 years and 732 (80.9%) patients were male (M:F=4.2:1). 508 (56.1%) patients died and the median survival period was 15.3 months. The overall 3-YSR of the patients with modified UICC stage I, II, III, IVa and IVb were 67.4%, 65.2%, 30.7%, 9.0% and 5.0%, respectively. The modified UICC stage could not differentiate stage I from II, and stage IVa from IVb, on the 3-YSR. The 3-YSR of the Child-Pugh class A patients with modified UICC stage I or II was 85.4% by surgical resection and it was 69.6% by transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE), respectively (P= .461), and those values for patients with stage III were 49.2% and 36.8%, respectively (P=.081). As compared with systemic chemotherapy or conservative therapy, TACE increased the survival rate more for the Child-Pugh class A patients with stage IV. The independent prognostic factors were serum AFP, portal vein thrombosis, the Child-Pugh classification and the stage of HCC. CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up study will be helpful in assessing the results of treatments for HCC and it will provide data for the establishment of a more effective treatment strategy.