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Objective To investigate the susceptibility profile of clinical isolates in Zhujiang Hospital in 2015.Methods Susceptibility test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results A total of 4 229 clinical isolates were isolated from January to December 2015,including 2 688 (63.6％) gram negative and 1 541 (36.4％) gram positive bacteria.Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 47.2％ and 76.4％,respectively.The methicillin-resistant strains have much higher resistance rates to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains.Majority (94.0％) of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and 83.1％ MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin.No staphylococcal isolates were found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid.E.faecalis strains showed much lower resistance rate to most of the drugs tested (except chloramphenicol) than E.faecium.No enterococcal isolates were found resistant to vancomycin or teicoplanin.ESBLs were produced in 52.6％ of E.coli and 39.7％ of Klebsiella (K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca) strains.ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains had higher resistance rates to common antimicrobial agents than non-ESBLs-producing strain.Enterobacteriaceae isolates were highly susceptible to carbapenems,(＜4％ resistant).Acinetobacter spp.strains showed high resistance to imipenem (69.2％ resistant) and meropenem (71.2％ resistant).Conclusions The antibiotic resistance is still increasing in this hospital.The emerging multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains pose a serious threat to clinical practice and implies the importance of strengthening infection control.
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Objective To screen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for early diagnosis of invisive Aspergillus. Methods Monoclonal antibodies against different antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus were produced. The two pairs of combinations of monoclonal antibodies were selected accoring the distinct epitopes and double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on mAbs above were established. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were analyzed by detecting culture supernatants of clinical isolates and environmental isolatesof Aspergillus. spp, Penicillium Marneffei, Candidas, and serum from animal models and patients. The epitopes recognized by mAbs were identified by immunobotting. Results A total of 32 hybridoma cell lines that stably produced MAbs were obtained. Two double- antibody sandwich ELISAs were established. One method was specific for 19 clinical isolates and environmental isolates of Aspergillus. spp, whereas the other one was specific for the clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus without cross-reation with other Aspergillus. spp. For the same kind of medium of Aspergillus fumigatus, the sensitivity of the first method was 10 fold higher than the second method. Conclusions The specific mAbs for early diagnosis of invisive Aspergillus were obtained. Antigen recognized by the specific mAbs was mannoprotein with molecular weights of approximately 25 000-75 000. This antigen was potential early diagnostic marker for invasive Aspergillus.