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Objective@#Predictors for neuroprognostication in early brain computed tomography (CT) within 24 hours of cardiac arrest are available for patients, but have not been very promising. Quantitative cistern effacement has not been investigated, although the gray matter to white matter ratio (GWR) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD)/eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) in early brain CT have been extensively studied. We aimed to determine the performance of quantitative cistern effacement compared to that of GWRs and ONSD/ETD for neuroprognostication. @*Methods@#This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary teaching hospital and included adult patients with cardiac arrest who underwent brain CT and targeted temperature management. GWRs, the distance of the posterior ambient cistern, and ONSD/ETD in early brain CT were measured. @*Results@#Among the 75 patients included in the study, 36 patients showed poor neurological outcomes. The region of interest (ROI) in the putamen was significantly different in patients with a poor neurological outcome (P=0.031), but the ROI in the caudate nucleus was not (P=0.229). ONSD/ETD was not correlated with a poor neurological outcome. When compared with the GWR of the putamen/posterior internal capsule (odds ratio [OR], 0.619; P=0.063) and ONSD/ETD (OR, 1.774; P=0.457), the distance of the posterior ambient cistern correlated most with poor neurological outcomes (OR, 0.494; P=0.013,) and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.689. @*Conclusion@#Quantitative cistern effacement in the early brain CT of cardiac arrest patients can assist neuroprognostication. Studies with larger sample sizes and follow-up of brain CT are warranted to confirm these results.
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Objective@#Shoulder pain is a common post-mastectomy complication. This research aims to evaluate the role of shoulder structure changes in developing shoulder pain in post-mastectomy patients and determine ultrasonographic findings. @*Methods@#Medical records of post-mastectomy patients with ipsilateral shoulder pain were reviewed. Ultrasonographic findings, visual analogue scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), age, body mass index, time from mastectomy, operation type, lymph node dissection type, presence of lymphedema, and radiation therapy were checked. @*Results@#Of 40 patients, rotator cuff tear, subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis, calcific tendinitis, biceps brachii tendon sheath fluid accumulation, and tendinopathy were seen in ultrasonography. Age was statistically higher in the rotator cuff tear group than non-rotator cuff tear group. Time from mastectomy, VAS, and SPADI were statistically correlated with biceps brachii sheath fluid accumulation. Shoulders with tendinopathy developed pain shortly after surgery. VAS and SPADI were statistically correlated with presence of subscapularis or supraspinatus tendinopathy. Nine of thirteen patients (69.2%) with subscapularis tendinopathy had post-mastectomy lymphedema. Only two of fifteen (18.2%) patients with supraspinatus tendinopathy had a history of radiation therapy. @*Conclusion@#Shoulder pain and rotator cuff tendinopathy may occur soon after surgery; therefore, shoulder range of motion exercises and muscle strengthening exercises are necessary in the early days after surgery. Elderly patients have a risk of rotator cuff tear, which physicians should pay more attention to. Even though there is no history of lymphedema and radiation therapy, shoulder lesions may occur. Therefore, prevention of shoulder pain in all patients after breast cancer surgery is needed.
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Background@#We hypothesized that the growing demand of Korean workers for work–life balance would change the factors influencing job satisfaction. We sought to verify our hypothesis by conducting a conjoint analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). @*Methods@#We analyzed the raw data of the KWCS, conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute from 2006 to 2017. To complete the analysis, we counted on a conjoint model of analysis, typically used in the analysis of customer satisfaction. The dependent variable was the satisfaction of workers with their working conditions, and the independent variables were the job quality indicators identified by Eurofound. @*Results@#The factors that have the greatest impact on working conditions satisfaction are summarized as follows: “physical environment” for the first wave, “adverse social behavior” for the second wave, “occupational status” for the third and fourth waves, and “management quality” for the fifth wave. “Earnings” were not a major factor in determining employee job satisfaction, and the relative importance index is decreasing. @*Conclusion@#According to the results of the analysis of the tendencies of Korean workers, the factors that affect the satisfaction with the working conditions have changed over time. It is crucial to identify factors that affect working conditions to assure the health and productivity of workers. The results of this study demonstrate that policymakers and employers are required to attentively consider human relations and social environment at work to improve working conditions in the future.
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Background@#We hypothesized that the growing demand of Korean workers for work–life balance would change the factors influencing job satisfaction. We sought to verify our hypothesis by conducting a conjoint analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). @*Methods@#We analyzed the raw data of the KWCS, conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute from 2006 to 2017. To complete the analysis, we counted on a conjoint model of analysis, typically used in the analysis of customer satisfaction. The dependent variable was the satisfaction of workers with their working conditions, and the independent variables were the job quality indicators identified by Eurofound. @*Results@#The factors that have the greatest impact on working conditions satisfaction are summarized as follows: “physical environment” for the first wave, “adverse social behavior” for the second wave, “occupational status” for the third and fourth waves, and “management quality” for the fifth wave. “Earnings” were not a major factor in determining employee job satisfaction, and the relative importance index is decreasing. @*Conclusion@#According to the results of the analysis of the tendencies of Korean workers, the factors that affect the satisfaction with the working conditions have changed over time. It is crucial to identify factors that affect working conditions to assure the health and productivity of workers. The results of this study demonstrate that policymakers and employers are required to attentively consider human relations and social environment at work to improve working conditions in the future.
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BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) during working hours by job status and occupation. METHODS: Using the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), 49,674 respondents who answered the question about SHS were studied. A chi-square test was carried out to determine whether there is a significant different in SHS exposure frequency by general and occupational characteristics and experience of discrimination at work and logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the risk level of SHS exposure by variables. RESULTS: In this study, we found that male workers in their 40s and 50s, workers employed in workplaces with fewer than 50 employees, daily workers, and people working outdoors had a higher rate of exposure to SHS than the others. The top five occupations with the highest SHS exposure were construction and mining-related occupations, metal core-makers-related trade occupations, wood and furniture, musical instrument, and signboard-related trade occupations, transport and machine-related trade occupations, transport and leisure services occupations. The least five exposed occupations were public and enterprise senior officers, legal and administrative professions, education professionals, and health, social welfare, and religion-related occupations. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoke is a significant occupational hazard. Smoking ban policy in the workplace can be a very effective way to reduce the SHS exposure rate in the workplace and can be more effective if specifically designed by the job status and various occupations.