Effects of daily mean temperature and other meteorological variables on bacillary dysentery in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China

BACKGROUND@#Although previous studies have shown that meteorological factors such as temperature are related to the incidence of bacillary dysentery (BD), researches about the non-linear and interaction effect among meteorological variables remain limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of temperature and other meteorological variables on BD in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is a high-risk area for BD distribution.@*METHODS@#Our study was based on the daily-scale data of BD cases and meteorological variables from 2014 to 2019, using generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between meteorological variables and BD cases and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to analyze the lag and cumulative effects. The interaction effects and stratified analysis were developed by the GAM.@*RESULTS@#A total of 147,001 cases were reported from 2014 to 2019. The relationship between temperature and BD was approximately liner above 0 °C, but the turning point of total temperature effect was 10 °C. Results of DLNM indicated that the effect of high temperature was significant on lag 5d and lag 6d, and the lag effect showed that each 5 °C rise caused a 3% [Relative risk (RR) = 1.03, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.05] increase in BD cases. The cumulative BD cases delayed by 7 days increased by 31% for each 5 °C rise in temperature above 10 °C (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.30-1.33). The interaction effects and stratified analysis manifested that the incidence of BD was highest in hot and humid climates.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study suggests that temperature can significantly affect the incidence of BD, and its effect can be enhanced by humidity and precipitation, which means that the hot and humid environment positively increases the incidence of BD.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in premature(≤ 45 years) acute myocardial infarction: a cohort study / 中国医师杂志

Objective:A large single-center, premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI) age (≤45 years) cohort was established to investigate the clinical features and the factors affecting major adverse cardiac events (MACE).Methods:This is a prospective and observational study. 603 patients with a clear diagnosis of AMI admitted to the Tianjin Chest Hospital from March 2015 to December 2017 were continuously selected. All patients were aged ≤45 years old, and a single-center large-sample premature AMI cohort was established. The patient's clinical basic conditions, laboratory indicators, imaging data, coronary angiography and treatment were collected. All patients were followed up for 1 year. MACE events such as cardiac death, recurrent AMI, revascularization, severe heart failure requiring hospitalization and stroke were recorded. Kaplan Meier method was used to draw the survival curve. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of risk factors, clinical characteristics and intervention methods on the long-term prognosis of MACE events.Results:A total of 603 AMI patients were included, 575 males (95.36%), 28 females (4.64%), and median age 41 (37, 44) years old. There were 422 patients (69.98%) with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 206 patients (48.82%) with anterior myocardial infarction, and 181 patients (30.02%) with non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Smoking was the most common risk factor for premature AMI (77.45%), followed by hyperlipidemia (48.42%) and hypertension (48.09%); smoking was the most common risk factor for male patients (80.35%), and hyperlipidemia was the most common risk factor for female patients (35.71%). 302 (50.08%) patients with premature AMI were treated with symptom onset to first medical contact (SO-to-FMC) ≤12 h; 563 patients (93.37%) had coronary angiography; coronary angiography showed that no significant stenosis, single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, three-vessel disease, and patients with left main disease were 15(2.66%), 212(37.66%), 153(25.37%), 167(29.66%), 16(2.84%) cases; 318(56.48%) patients with vascular occlusion; The proportion of male combined with left main lesions was lower than that of female group (2.41% vs 12.50%, P=0.026); A total of 45 patients (7.46%) were recorded MACE. The 1-year MACE incidence was lower in the male group than in the female group (6.96% vs 17.86%, P=0.032). Multivariate COX regression analysis: there were 5 indicators that entered the regression model and were statistically significant: female ( HR:4.184; 95% CI:1.583-11.064; P=0.004), SO-to-FMC≤12 h ( HR:0.447; 95% CI:0.224-0.889; P=0.022), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40% ( HR:3.727; 95% CI:1.876-7.405; P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( HR:1.315; 95% CI:1.041-1.662; P=0.022), homocysteine (Hcy) ( HR:1.011; 95% CI:1.002-1.019; P=0.011) were independent predictor of MACE occurrence in patients with early-onset AMI within 1 year. Conclusions:Smoking is the most common risk factor for young men with AMI. The most common risk factors for young women's AMI is hyperlipidemia, and the proportion of patients with left main artery disease is higher than that of men, but the proportion of patients receiving emergency intervention is lower than that of men, and the long-term prognosis of young women is poor. Early detection and control of these risk factors is a key measure to prevent the onset of AMI.

Effect of equal concentration of Helicobacter pylori suspension on gastric mucosa in mice by different gavage methods / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the effects of equal concentration of Helicobacter pylori suspension on gastric mucosal infection in mice by different gavage methods. 
 Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were infected by a suspension of Brucella broth containing the same amount of NCTC11637 Helicobacter pylori suspension by A, B, C, and D methods. For method A, the mice were intragastrically administered with Helicobacter pylori suspension (0.2 mL per mouse), once two day for 5 times; for method B, the mice were intragastrically administered with Helicobacter pylori (0.2 mL per mouse) once a day for 5 times; for method C, the mice were perfused with 0.4 mL per mouse of Helicobacter pylori suspension on the first day, then once a day and 0.2 mL per mouse for 3 times; for method D, the mice were administrated with 0.4 mL per mouse Helicobacter pylori suspension on the first day, 0.2 mL per mouse every other day for 3 times. For method E, the mice received equal amounts of normal saline. The mice were killed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after gavage. The gastric mucosa was detected by rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastric mucosa was taken for HE staining to observe the degree of infection.
 Results: After 2 weeks of gavage, the infection rates of the mice in A, B, C, and D group were 33.3%, 50.0%, 66.7%, and 33.3%, respectively. The degree of inflammation infection was as following order: C group>B group>D group>A group>E group. The infection rates of mice after 4 weeks of gavage in the A, B, C, and D groups were 50.0%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. The degree of inflammation infection was as following order: C group>B group>D group>A group>E group. After 6 weeks of gavage, the infection rate in A, B, C, and D groups was 100%, while the degree of inflammation infection was as following order: C group>D group>B group>A group>E group.
 Conclusion: At the acute stage of Helicobacter pylori infection, different gavage methods show different infection rates in mice, and the degree of inflammation is different. At the chronic stage, different gavage methods display the same infection rate in mice with different degree. The gavage method that 0.4 mL Helicobacter pylori suspension on the first day, then once a day and 0.2 mL for 3 times is most conducive to Helicobacter pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa of mice. This method can induce the the most seriou inflammatory infection and is beneficial to the successful establishment of the Helicobacter pylori infection model.

Research on Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors in physical examination population in Luzhou / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the infection rate and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori in healthy people in Luzhou. Methods From May 2017 to May 2018, the number of physical examinations for Helicobacter pylori infection was 18, 684 in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwestern Medical University of Ganzhou, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwestern Medical University and Cangzhou People 's Hospital and Jixian People's Hospital.C14, C13 breath test or Hp antibody positive could be considered as Helicobacter pylori infection. Eight hundred people were randomly selected to conduct a telephone survey. The survey content included general information, living habits, blood type and personal and family gastrointestinal related past medical history. Results The HP infection rate of the medical examination population in Cangzhou City was 31.6％, the male HP infection rate was32.4％ (3788/11836) , the female HP infection rate was 30.4％ (2086/6848) , and the male HP infection rate was higher than that of the female (P = 0.025). Univariate analysis showed that gender, BMI, drinking, drinking water, frequent eating, family members and the previous digestive tract diseases, and previous history of oral disease were risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection. Results of multivariate logistic analysis showed Male, BMI, drinking, drinking water, eating out often, family members and the digestive tract disease, and a history of oral disease were risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusion BMI, drinking water, and eating out in the medical examination population of Quzhou City, family members, the digestive tract diseases and previous history of oral disease are risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection.

HEAD-US-C quantitative ultrasound assessment scale in evaluation of joint damage in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A received on-demand versus prophylaxis replacement therapy / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To explore the evaluation of joint injury by HEAD-US-C (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound in China, HEAD-US-C) in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A treated with prophylaxis vs on-demand.@*Methods@#The patients from June 2015 to July 2017 with moderate or severe hemophilia A were examined by ultrasound imaging of the elbows, knees and ankles; Meanwhile the HEAD-US-C ultrasound assessment scale and hemophilia joint health score scale 2.1 (HJHS2.1) were used to score the joint status. The correlation between the HEAD-US-C and HJHS score was performed in prophylaxis group and on-demand group patients, respectively.@*Results@#A total of 925 cases of joint ultrasonography were conducted in 70 patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A. Among patients with moderate hemophilia, the median (IQR) of HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand group were significantly higher than those in the prophylaxis group[1 (0, 6) vs 0.5 (0, 3) , z=0.177, P=0.046],[2 (0, 4) vs 2 (0, 3) z=0.375, P=0.007], even though there was no significant difference of the median (IQR) number of annualized target joints bleeding episodes between on-demand and prophylaxis groups[1 (0, 7) vs 1 (0, 5) , z=1.271, P=0.137]. Unlike in moderate cases, on-demand treatment group had more annualized target joints bleeding episodes than prophylaxis group among patients with severe hemophilia[3 (0, 8) vs 2 (0, 8) , z=0.780 P=0.037]. The prophylaxis group compared favorably with on-demand therapy group in terms of HEAD-US-C score[1 (0, 6) vs 4 (0, 7) , z=2.189, P=0.008], and HJHS score[2 (0, 5) , 4 (1, 6) , z=3646, P<0.001]for the severe hemophilia patients. The positive correlation between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score was identified (P<0.05) , whether on-demand treatment or prophylaxis groups. The correlation coefficient between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand treatment and prophylaxis groups were 0.739 (95% CI 0.708-0.708) , 0.865 (95% CI 0.848-0.848) respectively, and 95% CI didn’t overlap (P<0.05) , indicating that the correlation coefficient in prophylaxis group had stronger correlation than that in on-demand group.@*Conclusions@#Clinical effects of prophylaxis were significantly better than those of on-demand treatment in patients with moderate or se-vere haemophilia A. HEAD-US-C scoring system could effectively evaluate joints damage in hemophilia A patients treated with on-demand or prophylaxis, companied by significantly positive correlation with HJHS clinical evaluation system, and provided objective index for clinical effect assessment.

Clinical application and optimization of HEAD-US quantitative ultrasound assessment scale for hemophilic arthropathy / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To assess the feasibility of HEAD-US scale in the clinical application of hemophilic arthropathy (HA) and propose an optimized ultrasound scoring system.@*Methods@#From July 2015 to August 2017, 1 035 joints ultrasonographic examinations were performed in 91 patients. Melchiorre, HEAD-US (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound) and HEAD-US-C (HEAD-US in China) scale scores were used respectively to analyze the results. The correlations between three ultrasound scales and Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were evaluated. The sensitivity differences of the above Ultrasonic scoring systems in evaluation of HA were compared.@*Results@#All the 91 patients were male, with median age of 16 (4-55) years old, including 86 cases of hemophilia A and 5 cases hemophilia B. The median (P25, P75) of Melchiorre, HEAD-US and HEAD-US-C scores of 1 035 joints were 2(0,6), 1(0,5) and 2(0,6), respectively, and the correlation coefficients compared with HJHS was 0.747, 0.762 and 0.765 respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). The positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 63.0% (95%CI 59.7%-65.9%), 59.5% (95%CI 56.5%-62.4%) and 56.6% (95%CI 53.6%-59.6%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Even for 336 cases of asymptomatic joints, the positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 25.0% (95%CI 20.6%-29.6%), 17.0% (95%CI 12.6%-21.1%) and 11.9% (95%CI 8.4%-15.7%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). There were significant changes (P<0.05) in the ultrasonographic score of HA before and after onset of hemorrhage in 107 joints of 40 patients. The difference in variation amplitude of HEAD-US-C scores and HEAD-US scores before and after joint bleeding was statistically significant (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Compared with Melchiorre, there were similar good correlations between HEAD-US, HEAD-US-C and HJHS. HEAD-US ultrasound scoring system is quick, convenient and simple to use. The optimized HEAD-US-C scale score is more sensitive than HEAD-US, especially for patients with HA who have subclinical state, which make up for insufficiency of sensitivity in HEAD-US scoring system

The values of Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 scoring systems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding / 天津医药

prognosis of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). Methods A total of 130 patients with AUGIB in our hospital were enrolled in this study from August 2014 to August 2016 . Three kinds of scoring systems including Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 were used to evaluate the risk classification of the patients. Patients were followed up for 2 months. The incidence rates of re-bleeding and death within 2 months after admission were observed. Data of prognosis in patients with AUGIB were compared between the three scoring systems in the prognosis of patients with AUGIB, including the risk classification and the prediction accuracy of re-bleeding and death. Results There were no significant differences in the re-bleeding rate and fatality rate between the groups divided by Rockall and Blatchford scoring systems ( P>0.05). According to the grouping results of AIMS65 scoring system, the re-bleeding rate of low-risk group was lower than that in high risk group (1.45%vs. 13.11%, P=0.01), but there was no significant difference in fatality rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The values of area under the curve (AUC) of predicting re-bleeding rates by using Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 scoring systems were 0.6258, 0.6910, and 0.7241, and the values of AUC of predicting fatality rates were 0.7031, 0.7969, and 0.7031 by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. There were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). The values of AUC of predicting re-bleeding rates by using the risk grading calculation by Rockall, Blatchford and AIMS65 scoring systems were 0.6189, 0.6139 and 0.7254 (P>0.05). But the values of AUC of predicting fatality rates were 0.6211, 0.6641 and 0.7695 (P<0.01). Conclusion The operation method of AIMS65 scoring system is simple and convenient, which is applicable to a wide range of patients with AUGIB. In the prediction of re-bleeding and mortality, AIMS65 scoring system has high accuracy and stability, which is worthy of promoting in clinical application.

Clinical Observation of Bifidobacteria Triple Viable Bacteria Combined with Infliximab in the Treatment of Moderate and Severe Ulcerative Colitis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy of bifidobacteria triple viable bacteria combined with infliximab in the treatment of moderate and severe ulcerative colitis(UC),and its effects on immune function. METHODS:Seventy-two UC pa-tients were selected from gastroenterology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during Jun. 2009 to Jan. 2015. They was divided into single group and combination group according to therapy plan,with 36 cases in each group. Single group was given infliximab 5 mg/kg,ivgtt,on 0,2nd,6th,8th week. Combination group was additionally given bi-fidobacteria triple viable bacteria 420 mg,tid. Both groups were treated for consercutive 2 months. Clinical efficacies were com-pared between 2 groups as well as the levels of humoral immunity and T cell function. The occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:Clinical response rate of combination group was 86.11%,which was significantly higher than 52.78% of single group,with statistical significance (P0.05). After treatment,the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly increased in both 2 groups,while the levels of CD8+,Th1 and Th2 were significantly decreased;the combination group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). After treatment,the levels of IgA and IgG were increased significantly in 2 groups,and the level of C3 was decreased significantly;the combination group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bifidobacteria triple viable bacteria combined with infliximab shows significant therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of moderate and severe UC, and can significantly improve humoral immunity function and the recovery of T cell level,with good safety.

Research progress of the relationship between IL-17, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy / 天津医药

In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly,and which has become a serious public health problem worldwide.Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal failure,which is also one of the most common chronic complication of diabetes.However,the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy has not been fully elucidated up to now.IL-17 plays a key role in autoimmune disease and inflammatory disease.This article reviews the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

Effects of fermented cordyceps powder on the expression of NLRP3 in myocardium of diabetic rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the therapy effect of fermented cordyceps powder on diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the effect on expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1βin myocardium of diabetic rats. Methods A total of 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group CON), diabetes group (group DM) and fermented cordyceps powder administration group (group CS, 1 g · kg-1 · d-1). Diabetes rat model was induced by tail vein injection with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) in group DM and group CS. The rats in group CS were given fermented cordyceps powder solution by gavage at a single dose of 1 g·kg-1·d-1 for 18 weeks. Rats of group CON and group DM were given 0.9%NaCl in the same way. All rats were sacrificed after 18 weeks. The pathological changes in myocardium were observed by HE staining and electron microscope. The expression of NLRP3 in myocardium was detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1βin myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and mitochondrial damages were observed under electron microscope in group DM. The above-mentioned pathological changes were improved in the group CS. (2) The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of NLRP3 in myocardium was significantly increased in group DM and group CS than that in group CON, and the expression of NLRP3 was significantly lower in group CS than that in group DM. (3) The result of immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the group CON, the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in myocardium were significantly increased in group DM and group CS, and which were significantly lower in group CS than those in group DM. Conclusion Fermented cordyceps powder can improve diabetic cardiomyopathy through decreasing the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1βin myocardium.

The effect of Jinqi Jiangtang tablet on expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in kidney of diabetic rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effect of Jinqi Jiangtang tablet on the activation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and the expressions of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 in kidney of diabetic rats. Methods A total of 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, n=15) and experimental group (n=30). Diabetes was induced by tail vein injection with streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg). The well-established 28 diabetic model rats were then randomly divided into diabetes group (DM, n=14) and Jinqi Jiangtang tablet administration group (Jinqi, n=14). The rats in Jinqi group were given Jinqi Jiangtang tablet solution by gavage at a single dose of 2.1 g·kg-1·d-1 for 18 weeks, while NC group and DM group were given 0.9%NaCl in the same way. All rats were sacrificed after 18 weeks. The circulating Th17 frequencies were assessed using flow cytometry. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes in kidney were studied by electron microscope. The expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in kidney were detected using immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Compared with the group NC, the circulating Th17 frequencies were significantly increased in group DM and group Jinqi. The circulating Th17 frequencies were significantly lower in group Jinqi than those in group DM. (2) Compared with the group NC, the serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were significantly increased in group DM and group Jinqi. The serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were significantly lower in group Jinqi than those in group DM. (3) In group DM, irregular thickening of glomerular basement membrane, fusion of epithelial cell foot processes and mesangial expansion were observed by electron microscope. The above-mentioned pathological changes were improved inthe group Jinqi. (4) Compared with the group NC, the expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in the renal cortex were significantly increased in group DM and group Jinqi, and those were significantly lower in group Jinqi than those in group DM. Conclusion The activation of Th17 and the increased expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in kidney play a potential role in diabetic nephropathy. Jinqi Jiangtang tablet can improve diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting the activating Th 17 and decreasing the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 in kidney.

5-Azacytidine induces differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into myocardial cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can be differentiated into myocardial cel s induced by 5-azacytidine in vitro, which provides an opportunity for cel transplantation in the treatment of heart disease. OBJECTIVE:To study the induction effects of 5-azacytidine at different concentrations on the myocardial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in rats. METHODS:Passage 3 bone marrow mesechymal stem cel s were incubated with DMEM containing 0, 5, 10, 20μmol/L 5-azacytidine for 24 hours, and then the induced medium was replaced by DMEM containing 5%fetal bovine serum for subsequent 28-day culture. Afterwards, expression of cardiac troponin I was detected by immunocytochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cel death occurred at 24 hours after 5-azacytidine induction, which was more obvious in the 20μmol/L group than the 5 and 10μmol/L groups. The positive expression of cardiac troponin I was significantly lower in the 5μmol/L group than the 10 and 20μmol/L groups (P0.05). These experimental findings indicate that 5-azacytidine can induce the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into myocardial cel s in vitro, and its optimal concentration is 10μmol/L.

Analysis of diabetes mellitus increasing the risk of intravesical recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate whether the risk of intravesical recurrence increases in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff excision. Methods:We ret-rospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 282 UUT-UC patients with no history of bladder neoplasm and who underwent RNU with bladder cuff excision in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2005 to December 2013. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between the non-diabetic (233 patients) and diabetic (49 patients) patients. The factors influencing intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU were analyzed. These factors included age, DM, pathologic grade, and stage. Results:Among the 282 patients included in the study, 80 (28.4%) patients developed intravesical recurrence during the median fol ow up of 41 months, and the median time to recurrence was 11 months. Non-diabetic patients had a significantly longer duration of bladder neoplasm RFS than diabetic patients (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis using Cox's regression model indicated that DM (P=0.014), renal pelvis and ureter tumor (P=0.001), and postoperative chemotherapy (P=0.024) were independent influential factors for intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU with bladder cuff excision. Conclusion:DM posed an increased risk for intravesical recurrence after RNU with bladder cuff excision in patients with UUT-UC. Therefore, these patients need to be closely monitored, and their blood glucose must be controlled.

Hemodialysis membrane：its biocompatibility and application in severe pancreatitis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Continuous blood purification can remove cytokines and inflammatory mediators, maintain homeostasis and prevent the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe pancreatitis, which has become the main therapy for severe pancreatitis. Since the hemodialysis technology began to be applied clinical y, the biological and physicochemical properties of hemodialysis membrane materials have been studied. A variety of hemodialysis membranes have been developed in order to improve the biocompatibility and anticoagulant effect in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application effect of hemodialysis membranes on severe pancreatitis. METHODS: Ten Wistar rats were selected to make rat models of severe pancreatitis and then were randomized into two groups (n=5 per group): homophone membrane group and polysulfone membrane group. Hemodialysis- related biochemical parameters were detected in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the homophone membrane, ultrafiltration coefficient, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen clearance, phosphorus clearance, number of circulating endothelial cel s, and levels of plasma nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine were significantly lower in the polysulfone membrane group (P < 0.05). Vitamin B12 clearance and amount of pre-congestion increased significantly in the polysulfone membrane group as compared with the homophone membrane (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the polysulfone membrane for hemodialysis has good biocompatibility, and keeps a stable environment in vivo for severe pancreatitis patients.

Protective roles of Emodin in the intestinal mucosal layer of rats with severe acute pancreatitis / 天津医药

Objective To explore the protective roles of Emodin in the intestinal mucosal lay of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its mechanism. Methods SD rats (n=30) were divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, SAP group and Emodin group (SAP rats treated with Emodin). The SAP rat models were established via retrograde injection of 3%sodium taurocholate to pancreatic duct. Rats in Emodin group were peritoneally injected with Emodin (2.5 mg/100 g) at both 1 hour and 3 hour after sodium taurocholate injection. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell was detected by TUNEL analy?sis. The expression of glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Com?pared with sham operation group, apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and the expression of GRP78 protein were increased significantly in SAP group(P0.05). Conclusion Emodin has a protective effect on intestinal layer in rats with SAP through inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. However, ER stress is not likely to be involved in this protective effect.

A comparative study on different processes of inclusion of pericarpium citri reticulatae - Radix Aucklandiae essential oil preparation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To studyeffect of different processes for preparation ofβ- cyclodextrin inclusion pericarpium citri reticulatae - Radix Aucklandiae essential oil.Methods Extract pericarpium citri reticulatae-radix aucklandiae essential oil with steam distillation method, conductβ- cyclodextrin inclusion of pericarpium citri reticulatae-radix Aucklandiae essential oil with ultrasonic method, grinding method andsaturated aqueous solution method, and detect inclusion effect respectively by polarized light microscopy observation method and TG-DTA analysis method.Results Polarized lightphenomenon disappears under a microscope for the three inclusion preparation products, and TG-DTA curve of ultrasound method is superior to that of saturated aqueous solution method and grinding method.Conclusion Polarized light microscope observation method and TG-DTA method enjoysa good effect in determination of cyclodextrin inclusion, which provides a new method for determination of cyclodextrin inclusion results.

Research on Polyamidoamine Dendrimers Mediated Foreign Gene for Xenotransplantation Transfected Pig Sperm Cells / 天津医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of the new nanomaterials,polyamidoamine dendrimers PAMAM-D,mediated foreign gene human decay accelerating factor(hDAF) for xenotransplantation transfected pig sperm cells.Methods:PAMAM-D/hDAF cDNA compounds were made.The compounds were divided into 0.2 μg,0.4μg,0.6μg,0.8 μg and 1.0μg groups (each group adding corresponding dose of PAMAM-D in accordance with the N/P ratio 10:1,20:1,40:1),then were digested by restriction enzymes.The compounds were incubated with washed pig sperm cells.Then the transfection efficiency was detected by in situ hybridization in the different groups.Results:The PAMAM-D molecule can prevent electrophoretic migration of DNA in the compound.After digested the compounds by restriction enzymes,DNA can not be degraded.The transfection efficiency was different in different groups.Among the total,the efficiency was higher in both groups of 0.4 μg and 0.6μg than that of others.The top was the group of 0.4 μg linear plasmid plus PAMAM-D when the N/P ratio was 20:1(47.5%±O.2%,167% vs control group).Conclusion:PAMAM-D can improve the efficiency of exogenous gene transfeeted pig sperm cells,which can reinforce the stable binding of exogenous DNA to sperm cells.

Effects of Shugan granule on hepatic stellate cells activation and its trans-membrane signal transduction stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible disease, interfering in course of disease promptly can decrease hepatic cirrhosis and fatal complication. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key factor in pathogenesy of hepatic fibrosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shugan granule on HSCs activation and trans-membrane signal transduction stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in rats, and to explore the anti-fibrosis mechanism.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Controlled observational trials based on cytology were performed in the Central Laboratory of Molecules, Luzhou Medical College between June 2008 and February 2009. MATERIALS: HSC-T6 cell line was purchased from Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, its phenotype was the activated hepatic stellate cells. Shugan granule was offered by Drug Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College at a Batch No. 20071120.METHODS: The influence of different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 g/L) of Shugan granule on HSCs proliferation was determined by MTT. 0.01 g/L was defined as the dose of Shugan granule contributing no influence on cell proliferation. HSCs were cultured in a culture plate and then divided into 4 groups: control group without management, TGF-β1 group with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 solution in culture medium, Shugan granule group with 0.01 g/L Shugan granule in a culture medium, and TGF-β1 + Shugan granule group with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 solution and 0.01 g/L Shugan granule in culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological features of HSCs were detected by microscopic. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 in HSCs. RT-PCR was applied to observe the HSCs activation and trans-membrane signal transduction. RESULTS: ①The cell morphology of TGF-β1 group was similar with that in the control group, and the extension was more obvious. In the TGF-β1 + Shugan granule group, the cell morphology was close to that in TGF-β1 group. There was no karyopyknosis or apoptosis observed in each group. ②Immunohistochemical method showed the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 in control groups were increased. TGF-β1 could slightly increase the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 (P < 0.05), while Shugan granule group and TGF-β1 + Shugan granule group increased the expression of Smad7 significantly, accounting for 1.99 times compared with control group (P < 0.01). ③RT-PCR result showed that Shugan granule could increase the expression of Smad7 (P < 0.05), but the expression of Smad3 was not regulated. 5 μg/L TGF-β1 could up-regulate the expression of Smad3 and Smad7 (P < 0.05). In the TGF-β1 + Shugan granule group, Smad7 expression was increased by 101% (P < 0.05), but Smad3 transcriptional level was not changed(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ①TGF-β can stimulate the gene expression of Smad3 and Smad7, it also obtain a balance of feedback regulation mechanism between R-Smads and I-Smads. ②Shugan granule may prevent and cure hepatic fibrosis through decreasing the proliferation of HSCs in a dose-dependent manner. ③Shugan granule can inhibit the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway through increasing the expression of Smad7.

Differentiation mode of bone marrow stem cells into hepatocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:A cell mass from bone marrow can transform into oval cells and then differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary tract endothelial cells.It will bring a new hope for repairing irreversible damage of the liver.OBJECTIVE:To review several recent research results of the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into hepatocytes.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search was conducted in Pubmed and HighWire for English articles about bone marrow stem cells for liver ailments published between January 1999 and June 2007 with the key words of "bone marrow stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,hemopoietic stem cells,hepatocytes,hepatic fibrosis,hepatic cirrhosis".Meanwhile,Vip Database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles on bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic fibrosis published between January 1999 and June 2007 with the key words of "bone marrow stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,hemopoietic stem cells,hepatocytes,hepatic fibrosis,hepatic cirrhosis" in Chinese.The data were selected primarily,and then quotations of each article were checked.Inclusive criterion:The articles related to curing hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis with bone marrow stem cells were selected.Exclusive criteria:the articles with repetitive research or Meta analysis were excluded.A total of 49 related English articles and 42 Chinese articles were collected,34 literatures of them in accordance with the inclusive criterion were reviewed.Fifty-seven articles with old or repetitive articles were excluded.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Of the 34 inclusive articles,18 were on transplanting in vivo,12 were about cultivation and induction in vitro and 4 were about the problems and prospect.DATA SYNTHESIS:Bone marrow stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells and hemopeietic stem cells,which are characterized by plasticity.Growth factors in vitro and special microenvironment in vivo could induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into the precursor of hepatocytes and mature hepatocytes.Moreover,hepatic function could be improved obviously.The superiorities of bone marrow stem cells included affluent source,low cost,little injury,without embolism and graft rejection in autologous transplantation,which offer a new style for curing hepatic diseases.Bone marrow stem cells would be the cell resource of artificial liver.CONCLUSION:Using bone marrow stem cells therapy for all kinds of refractory hepatopathy,such as hepatitis,liver cirrhosis and hepatoma,indicates a great achievement in clinic.

Study and application of bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of liver disease / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE: The investigation of curing liver disease with stem cell makes a notable performance. This article intends to review the status of clinical and empirical study of stem cell transplants. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based search was conducted in Pubmed for English articles about bone marrow stem cells cure liver ailment published between January 1995 and June 2006 with the Keywords of "bone marrow stem cell, hemopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hepatic fibrosis". Meanwhile, relevant Chinese articles were searched in Chinese Journal Full-text Database with the key words of "bone marrow stem cell, hemopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hepatic fibrosis". STUDY SELECTION: Data were checked in the first trial and articles about the bone marrow stem cell and liver disease therapy are selected, while obvious unrelated literatures or repetitive study were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 58 related English articles and 40 Chinese articles were collected, including 36 studies about bone marrow stem cells, 24 researches on mesenchymal stem cells and 14 about hemopoietic stem cells, 30 literatures of them in accordance with the inclusion criteria were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are all kinds of stem cells in bone marrow that can differentiate other kinds of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and hemopoietic stem cells. Both animal trials and clinical researches show that hemopoietic stem cells can differentiate into liver cells and hepatic oval cells and is mature to participate in the liver regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells are homogeneous cells with multi-differentiation potentials and can be differentiated into liver cells and bile duct cells. Bone marrow stem cell therapy has many merits than traditional methods, for example simple materials, culture in vitro, passage and easy amplification, indicating a great achievement in clinic. CONCLUSION: We can use bone marrow stem cell therapy for all kinds of refractory hepatopathy, such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatoma etc. It will not only improve haematogenesis and immune function, but also replace necrosis and lost hepatic cell, leading a perfect boundary of hepatopathy therapy.