Electrotaxis of alveolar epithelial cells in direct-current electric fields / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#This study aims to elucidate the electrotaxis response of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in direct-current electric fields (EFs), explore the impact of EFs on the cell fate of AECs, and lay the foundation for future exploitation of EFs for the treatment of acute lung injury.@*METHODS@#AECs were extracted from rat lung tissues using magnetic-activated cell sorting. To elucidate the electrotaxis responses of AECs, different voltages of EFs (0, 50, 100, and 200 mV/mm) were applied to two types of AECs, respectively. Cell migrations were recorded and trajectories were pooled to better demonstrate cellular activities through graphs. Cell directionality was calculated as the cosine value of the angle formed by the EF vector and cell migration. To further demonstrate the impact of EFs on the pulmonary tissue, the human bronchial epithelial cells transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2B cells) were obtained and experimented under the same conditions as AECs. To determine the influence on cell fate, cells underwent electric stimulation were collected to perform Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#The successful separation and culturing of AECs were confirmed through immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control, AECs in EFs demonstrated a significant directionality in a voltage-dependent way. In general, type Ⅰ alveolar epithelial cells migrated faster than type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, and under EFs, these two types of cells exhibited different response threshold. For type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, only EFs at 200 mV/mm resulted a significant difference to the velocity, whereas for, EFs at both 100 mV/mm and 200 mV/mm gave rise to a significant difference. Western blotting suggested that EFs led to an increased expression of a AKT and myeloid leukemia 1 and a decreased expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-like protein 11.@*CONCLUSION@#EFs could guide and accelerate the directional migration of AECs and exert antiapoptotic effects, which indicated that EFs are important biophysical signals in the re-epithelialization of alveolar epithelium in lung injury.

Effect of maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide during pregnancy on allergic asthma in offspring in mice / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide during pregnancy on allergic asthma in offspring in mice. Methods: Animal experimental research was carried out from June 2019 to June 2021.Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups by intraperitoneal injection with 7 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at day 15.5 of gestation. After birth, 6 offspring were randomly chosen from each group at the age of 4 weeks, and stimulated with house dust mites (HDM) or PBS, further divided into 4 groups, such as LPS+PBS group, LPS+HDM group, PBS+PBS group, PBS+HDM group, with 3 mice in each group. The cough and wheezing were observed, the histological changes in lung tissue were examined after HE staining, and the expression of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β in the lung tissue were detected by high-throughput liquid protein chip detection. T test or rank sum test was used for the comparison among these groups. Results: The asthma-like airway inflammation was more obvious in PBS+HDM group after stimulated by HDM than that in PBS+PBS group, nevertheless, this manifestation in LPS+HDM group was milder than that in PBS+HDM group. HE staining showed that inflammatory cell aggregation in the lung tissue in PBS+HDM group was significantly higher than that in PBS+PBS group (4.0 (3.5, 4.0) vs. 0 (0, 0.5), Z=2.02, P=0.043), while it was much lower in LPS+HDM group compared to PBS+HDM group (1.0 (0.5, 1.5) vs. 4.0 (3.5, 4.0), Z=1.99, P=0.046). High-throughput liquid protein chip detection of lung tissue showed that IL-6, IL-23 and IFN-β levels were significantly higher in PBS+HDM group when compared to those in PBS+PBS group ((114±3) vs. (94±4) ng/L, (210±4) vs. (173±7) ng/L, (113±2) vs. (94±4) ng/L, t=4.37, 4.84, 3.96, all P<0.05), while the levels of IL-6, IL-23, IFN-α, IFN-β in LPS+HDM group were significantly lower than those in PBS+HDM group ((87±5) vs. (114±3) ng/L, (171±7) vs. (210±4) ng/L, (16.1±0.6) vs. (20.9±0.3) ng/L, (95±1) vs. (113±2) ng/L, t=5.07, 5.07, 7.28, 7.47, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Prenatal low dose LPS exposure can reduce offspring's airway inflammatory reactions and prevent the development of allergic disease. Maternal infection during pregnancy may affect the occurrence and development of allergic asthma in offspring.

Application of transverse closure of longitudinal incisions in reconstructing pentagonal full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid margin / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of transverse closure of longitudinal incisions in repairing pentagonal full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid margin.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data collected from 26 patients with melanocytic nevi at the lower eyelid margin in Department of Dermatology, The Third People′s Hospital of Hangzhou from July 2016 to June 2019. Among the 26 patients, 10 were males, and 16 were females. After lesion resection, all the pentagonal full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid margin were repaired via transverse closure of longitudinal incisions.Results:All the pentagonal defects of the 26 cases were successfully repaired. The longitudinal incisions perpendicular to the eyelid were successfully converted into transverse incisions parallel to the eyelid margin and near the eyelash, and all incisions healed primarily. After surgery, mild congestion of the lower eyelid occurred in 3 patients, and temporary blurred vision in 1. During 1 - 2 years of postoperative follow-up, 26 patients all achieved symmetrical appearance of the skin and soft tissues around the eyes, without obvious postoperative scars or lower eyelid ectropion.Conclusions:Horizontal closure of longitudinal incisions can be used to repair the pentagonal full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid margin, because it can convert the incision closure line perpendicular to the lower eyelid margin into a horizontal transverse incision closure line parallel to the lower eyelid margin, so that the incisions and scars of the lower eyelid can be hided with a satisfactory cosmetic effect.

Definitive screening design combined with design space for optimizing purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract / 中国中药杂志

In the pharmacopoeia, many process parameters for the purification process of Scutellariae Radix are unclear. In this study, deterministic screening design combined with design space method was used to optimize the purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract. Nine method parameters such as mass fraction of solution(X_1), first acid precipitation pH(X_2) and first holding time(X_3) in the purification process were firstly studied by definitive screening design. The yield of baicalin was defined as the evaluation index. A stepwise regression method was used then to build quantitative models between evaluation index and method parameters and the three most critical impact parameters were determined. Probability-based design space was calculated and successfully verified with the experimental error simulation method. Finally, the second standing temperature, the first standing temperature and the pH value of the second acid precipitation were determined as the three most critical method parameters. The recommended operating space was as follows: the second standing temperature 5-7 ℃, the first standing temperature 13-15 ℃, and the pH of the second acid precipitation 1.5-1.7. Within this operating space, the baicalin yield in the purification process was over 80%, and the probability of reaching the standard was over 0.96. In this study, we optimized the effect of various parameters for the purification process of the Scutellariae Radix extract in the pharmacopoeia on the yield of baicalin and provided a reference for industrial production of the exact of Scutellariae Radix.

Treatment strategy and curative effect analysis of os odontoideum complicated with atlantoaxial joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the treatment strategy and clinical efficacy for os odontoideum complicated with atlantoaxial dislocation.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 17 patients with os odontoideum complicated with atlantoaxial dislocation surgically treated from January 2006 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 7 males and 10 females, aged 17 to 53 (43.1±11.3) years old;course of disease was 3 to 27(10.2±6.9) months. All patients received cranial traction before operation, 12 of 14 patients with reducible dislocation were treated by posterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion, and 2 patients with atlantooccipital deformity were treated by posterior occipitocervical fixation and fusion;3 patients with irreducible alantoaxial dislocation were treated by transoral approach decompression combined with posterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complications were recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were used to evaluate the change of neck pain and neurological function. Atlantoaxial joint fusion rate was evaluated by CT scan.@*RESULTS@#The operation time of posterior fixation and fusion ranged from 86 to 170 (92.2±27.5) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 200-350 (250.7±65.2) ml. No vertebral artery injury and spinal cord injury were recorded. Among the patients underwent atlantoaxial fixation and fusion, 1 patient with reducible dislocation fixed by C@*CONCLUSION@#Surgical treatment of os odontoideum complicated with atlantoaxial dislocation can achieve satisfactory results, improve the patient's neurological function and improve the quality of life, however the surgical options needs to be individualized.

Clinical efficacy of pedicled fat flaps in repairing facial defects after skin tumor resection: a clinical observation / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate clinical efficacy of pedicled fat flaps in the repair of facial defects after skin tumor resection.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 39 patients with facial tumors in Department of Dermatology, The Third People′s Hospital of Hangzhou, and analyzed retrospectively. There were 20 males and 19 females, aged 55 ± 7.3 years (range, 42 - 80 years) , including 15 with basal cell carcinoma, 10 with squamous cell carcinoma, 5 with keratoacanthoma and 9 with solar keratosis. Postoperative skin defects varied from 1.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8.0 cm × 4.5 cm in size. All patients received skin defect repair with pedicled fat flaps after tumor resection. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, survival condition of the flaps was observed. These patients were followed up at 1, 3 months after the surgery and every 3 months thereafter, and the shape and texture of the flaps and their matching degree with surrounding tissues were evaluated.Results:Twenty-four hours after surgery, the flaps survived well without infection in the 39 patients. Partial necrosis was observed at the distal end of the flaps in 2 cases, whose skin defects were on the lower eyelid, with the ratio of the flap length to pedicle width being greater than 3∶1, and wounds were healed after treatment in both of the 2 cases. One month after surgery, bloated appearance was observed in 3 cases, of which 2 had defects of the upper lip and 1 had defects of the cheek, and the ratios of flap length to pedicle width were less than 2∶1, 2∶1 - 3∶1, and greater than 3∶1 respectively. All patients were followed up for 1 - 12 months, with an average of 7 months. The color and texture of the flaps were good, and favorable function and shape were achieved in both the donor and recipient sites.Conclusion:The pedicled fat flap is markedly effective for the repair of facial skin defects, with high survival rate of flaps, high safety and reliability, and less damage to the donor site.

Application of O-Z-O flaps in repair of adjacent facial skin defects / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate performance of O-Z-O flaps in repair of adjacent facial skin defects.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted. A total of 60 patients with adjacent facial skin defects receiving O-Z-O flap repair were collected from the Third People′ s Hospital of Hangzhou from 2015 to 2018, including 50 with pigmented nevus, 4 with seborrheic keratosis, 3 with verruca vulgaris, 2 with basal cell carcinoma and 1 with squamous cell carcinoma. Among the 60 patients, 14 were males and 46 were females, with the age being 18 - 75 years. According to the condition of skin lesions, in situ resection was performed, and the optimal incision was designed; the "flap bridge", that is, the normal tissue between adjacent defects, was severed; according to the skin tension line and wrinkle line, residual ends of the two flap bridges were interlaced with each other, sutured and fixed interruptedly, and the wounds were repaired. Results:The skin defects could be completely covered by O-Z-O flaps in the 60 patients. All the patients received primary healing of incisions without scar hyperplasia after operation.Conclusions:The O-Z-O flap has advantages of flexible design and small incisions, and can be used for tension-reducing suture after excision of adjacent skin lesions. It is a good choice for repair of adjacent facial skin defects with satisfactory clinical effect.

Effect of the amputation order of pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein on pulmonary residual blood volume in total thoracoscopic lobectomy / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the amputation order of pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery on pulmonary residual blood volume in total thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Sixtyeight patients who were scheduled to underwent total thoracoscopic lobectomy from June 2015 to April 2019 in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital were selected.The patients were divided into first amputation pulmonary artery group and first amputation pulmonary vein group by random envelope method with 34 cases in each group.Five cases in first amputation pulmonary artery group and 4 cases in first amputation pulmonary vein group were excluded because of the procedure modification or the fragmentation of the specimen during the course of operation.In the end,29 cases were enrolled in first amputation pulmonary artery group and 30 cases in first amputation pulmonary vein group.In first amputation pulmonary vein group,all arteries were ligated before interruption of the veins;and in first amputation pulmonary artery group had a reverse sequence.The perioperative period status were recorded,and the crude pulmonary quality,dry pulmonary quality,pulmonary residual blood volume and adjusted pulmonary residual blood ratio were measured or calculated.Results All 59 patients were operated successfully.No serious complications occurred,no perioperative death occurred,and no patients needed blood transfusion.There was no statistical difference in the incidence of minor complications between first amputation pulmonary artery group and first amputation pulmonary vein group:27.6％ (8/29) vs.33.3％ (10/30),P＞0.05.There were no statistical differences in operative time,transoperative bleeding volume,pulmonary residual blood volume,crude pulmonary quality,dry pulmonary quality,adjusted pulmonary residual blood ratio,hemoglobin difference before and after surgery,postoperative drainage time and postoperative hospitalization time between 2 groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions The amputation order of pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein sequence of vessel interruption during total thoracoscopic lobectomy has no effect on the pulmonary residual blood volume,can be reasonably selected according to the intraoperative situation.

Comparison of the effects of injured vertebra pedicle fixation combined with vertebroplasty and vertebra pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the curative effects of injured vertebra pedicle fixation combined with vertebroplasty and short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures.@*METHODS@#Seventy patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures who met the inclusion criteria were collected in the study from January 2015 to December 2017. Among them, 35 patients were treated with injured vertebra pedicle fixation combined with vertebroplasty (group A), including 20 males and 15 females, aged from 55 to 74 years with an average of (64.03± 7.82) years. Twenty-six cases were type A3 and 9 cases were type A4 according to the AO typing;another 35 patients were treated with short segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty (group B), including 18 males and 17 females, aged from 54 to 72 years with an average of (62.78±6.40) years. Twenty-eight cases were type A3 and 7 cases were type A4 according to AO typing. Operation length, intraoperative bleeding volume, complication, imaging parameters and clinical effects were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up for at least 12 months. There were no significant differences in gender, age, injury site, preoperative VAS, Cobb angle, and injured vertebral height before surgery. There were no significant differences in operation length, intraoperative bleeding volume between two groups. In terms of VAS scores before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and at the final follow up, group A was 5.5 ±2.5, 1.8 ±0.8, 0.9 ±0.4, group B was 5.4 ± 2.3, 1.7±0.6, 1.2±1.8, respectively;injured vertebral height was (40.4±8.8)%, (92.0±4.9)%, (87.1±3.8)% in group A, and (41.2±6.6)%, (93.2±4.6)%, (80.0±4.3)% in group B;Cobb angle was (18.4±6.9) °, (2.8±2.2) °, (4.2±2.6) ° in group A, and (16.8±7.2) °, (2.7±2.5) °, (6.0±2.4) ° in group B. There were significant differences in the 3 parameters above before the operation and at the final follow up in all groups (<0.05). There were significant differences in the Cobb angle and injured vertebral height between 1 week after operation and at the final follow up (<0.05). At the final follow up, injured vertebral height in group A was obviously better than that in group B (<0.05). Internal fixation failure occurred in 2 cases from the group A, and occurred in 4 cases from the group B. There were no neurological complications in both groups.@*CONCLUSION@#For osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral burst fractures, injured vertebra pedicle fixation combined with vertebroplasty and vertebra pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty can achieve good clinical effects. However, injured vertebra pedicle fixation combined with vertebroplasty is better at maintaining postoperative vertebral height and sagittal arrangement, and reducing internal fixation related complications. The treatment strategy is worthy of application and promotion.

Non-coding RNA and tumor immune regulation / 药学学报

non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a kind of non-protein coding RNA, which plays a vital role in the initiation and development of tumor. The immune system also exhibits more complex function in tumor development. It can not only inhibit the development of tumor, but also create conditions for tumor growth. As an important means of tumor therapy, tumor immunotherapy can be regulated by non-coding RNA to achieve the goal of treatment. This article summarizes the regulation of tumor immunity by non-coding RNA.

Effects of adenosine on brain metastasis of lung cancer and its possible mechanism / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To clarify the effect of adenosine on brain metastasis of lung cancer and the possible mechanism of adenosine promoting brain metastasis of lung cancer. Methods Western blot was used to dynamically detect the expression level of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in lung cancer cells and tight junction protein ZO-1 in brain microvascular endothelial cells on blood-brain barrier. The content of adenosine in lung cancer cell culture was determined by ELISA. Fluorescence analysis was used to detect the changes of permeability of the blood-brain barrier model in vitro. Hemocytometer counts the number of A549 lung cancer cells in Transwell's lower chamber. Results The expression level of HIF-1 in lung cancer cells and the content of adenosine in lung cancer cell culture reached the highest level when lung cancer cells were deprived of oxygen for 12 hours. At the same time, the expression level of ZO-1 protein in the blood-brain barrier was the lowest, the blood-brain barrier permeability was the highest (7.11), and the number of lung cancer cells passing through the blood-brain barrier model was the highest (84.6). The permeability of the blood-brain barrier model increased after the action of adenosine, and its change trend was consistent with the effect of hypoxic lung cancer cell culture solution. Conclusion Hypoxia can induce the lung cancer cell to release adenosine, the increased adenosine can reduce the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in blood brain barrier, which leads to the increase of permeability of blood-brain barrier and eventually lead to brain metastasis of lung cancer.

The toxicological mechanisms and detoxification of depleted uranium exposure

Depleted uranium (DU) has been widely applied in industrial and military activities, and is often obtained from producing fuel for nuclear reactors. DU may be released into the environment, polluting air, soil, and water, and is considered to exert both radiological and chemical toxicity. In humans and animals, DU can induce multiple health effects, such as renal tubular necrosis and bone malignancies. This review summarizes the known information on DU's routes of entry, mechanisms of toxicity, and health effects. In addition, we survey the chelating agents used in ameliorating DU toxicity.

Case-control study of pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty and injured vertebra pedicle fixation in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the curative effect of short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty and injured vertebra pedicle fixation in treating osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed for 52 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures from August 2010 to August 2015. Among them, 27 patients(group A) were treated with short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty, including 17 males and 10 females, aged from 54 to 68 years old with an average of(61.01±5.41) years, 16 cases were type A3 and 11 cases were type A4 according the new AO typing. Other 25 patients (group B) were treated with short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with injured vertebra pedicle fixation, including 12 males and 13 females, aged from 55 to 66 years old with an average of (59.28±6.12) years, 18 cases were type A3 and 7 cases were type A4 according the new AO typing. Operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, complication, image data and clinical effect were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 12 to 15 months with an average of (12.4±2.1)months. There was no significant difference in general data(including gender, age, injured site, preoperative VAS score, Cobb angle, injured vertebral anterior border height) between two groups. There was no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume between two groups. Preoperative, one week after operation and final follow-up, VAS scores were 5.2±0.5, 1.2±0.2, 0.8±0.1 respectively in group A and 5.0±0.6, 2.5±0.4, 1.3±0.2 in group B; injured vertebral anterior border height were (49.4±6.8)%, ( 94.5±1.2)%, ( 94.1±3.7)% respectively in group A and (48.2±7.0)%, ( 94.3±4.1)%, ( 90.0±2.3)% in group B;Cobb angles were (20.4±5.2) °, (2.5±1.8) °, (4.4±1.7)° respectively in group A and (19.8±6.8)°, (2.4±1.7)°, (7.0±1.2)° in group B. At final follow-up, VAS, Cobb angle, injured vertebral anterior border height in two groups were obviously improved(<0.05). Postoperative at 1 week and final follow-up, VAS score of group A was lower than that of group B(<0.05);and there was no significant difference in Cobb angle between two groups(>0.05); there was significant difference in injured vertebral anterior border height between two groups(<0.05). The complication of internal fixation failure had 1 case in group A and 4 cases in group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the treatment of single osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures, short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty is better than combined with injured vertebra pedicle fixation in clinical effect, it can relieve pain, maintain injured vertebral height and sagittal alinement, reduce the complications associated with internal fixation, and be worth spread in clinic.</p>

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with limited-open decompression technique for thoracolumbar fractures with neurologic deficit / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with limited open decompression technique for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with neurologic deficit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 76 patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurologic deficit underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with limited open decompression technique from June 2010 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 45 males and 31 femals, aged from 17 to 56 years with an average of 32.5 years old. According to the classification of Denis, 33 cases were type A, 26 cases were type B, 17 cases were type C. According to the criterion of American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA), 13 cases were grade A, 9 cases were grade B, 21 cases were grade C, 33 cases were grade D. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative internal fixation lossening and breakage were recorded. The informations of the Cobb angle, the anterior height of injured vertebra, canal stenosis were observed before operation, 3 days after operation, and the final follow-up. The improvement of neurologic function were analyzed at final follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 13 to 47 months with an average of 32.1 months. The mean operative time was 159 min (136 to 218 min) and the intraoperative blood loss was 225 ml(150 to 360 ml). The anterior height of injured vertebra was increased from (52.0±5.9)% before operation to (87.2±1.8)% at 3 days after operation, and (86.1±1.5)% at final follow-up (=45.27,=0.000); the Cobb angle was decreased from (29.7±8.2)° before operation to (5.7±2.9)° at 3 days after operation, and (5.9±3.6)° at final follow-up (=34.62,=0.000); the canal stenosis was decreased from (37.5±7.2)% before operation to (12.3±3.3)% at 3 days after operation, and (11.9±3.1)% at final follow-up(=37.02,=0.000); there was no significant differences between postoperative 3 days and the final follow-up about the above parametres(>0.05). According to ASIA criterion, the spinal cord function was classified as grade A in 13 cases, grade B in 0 cases, grade C in 10 cases, grade D in 21 cases and grade E in 32 cases at final follow-up. Internal fixation lossening and breakage occurred in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with limited open decompression technique can obtain satisfactory clinical effect for patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurologic deficit, and have a good recovery of nerve function can be observed.</p>

French door segmented laminectomy decompression for severe cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament complicated with spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of French door segmented laminectomy decompression for severe cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 38 patients with serious cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury were retrospectively analyzed and these patients were treated with French door segmented laminectomy decompression and internal fixation from June 2012 to June 2014. There were 25 males and 13 females, aged from 42 to 78 years with an average of 58.2 years. Of them, 35 cases suffered from aggravating neurological symptoms with a definite precipitating factor. Spinal cord injury was related to minor injury of the neck, such as hyperextension of the neck in 3 cases. Preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Score (JOA) was 8.1±1.7 and Neck Disability Index (NDI) was 19.8±4.4. Preoperative CT scans showed the range of OPLL was more than three segments. The spinal canal was occupied 50% to 85% with an average of 70.7%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 10 to 24 months with an average of 15.6 months. The operative time was 90 to 150 min with an average of 120 min and blood loss was 300 to 800 ml with an average of (480±80) ml. At final follow-up, NDI and JOA were 7.5±2.5 and 13.5±2.0, respectively, and they were obviously improved compared with preoperation. Preoperative cervical Cobb angle was (8.10±2.70)° and at final follow-up was (15.60±1.80)°, and there was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative (<0.05). Deep infection occurred in 1 case, epidural hematoma in 1 case, C₅ nerve root palsy in 3 cases, and axial symptom in 8 cases after operation. No serious complications, such as vertebral artery injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, deterioration of neurological dysfunction, or internal fixation failure was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>French door segmented laminectomy decompression is safe and feasible for severe cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury, and it is worth to be popularized in future.</p>

The shor-term clinical outcomes and safety of extreme lateral interbody fusion combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the early efficacy and safety of extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to June 2014, 13 patients with degenerative lumbar disease were treated with XLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, including 8 cases of lumbar instability, 5 cases of mild to moderate lumbar spondylolisthesis;there were 5 males and 8 females, aged from 56 to 73 years with an average of 62.1 years. All patients were single segment fusion. Operation time, perioperative bleeding and perioperative complications were recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Interbody fusion rate was observed and the intervertebral foramen area changes were compared preoperation and postoperation by X-rays and CT scanning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time and perioperative bleeding in the patients respectively was(62.8±5.2) min and(82.5±22.6) ml. One case occurred in the numbness of femoribus internus and 1 case occurred in the muscle weakness of hip flexion after operation, both of them recovered within 2 weeks. All the patients were followed up from 12 to 19 months with an average of 15.6 months. VAS was decreased from preoperative 7.31±0.75 to 2.31±0.75 at final follow-up(<0.05); ODI was decreased from preoperative (42.58±1.55)% to (12.55±0.84)% at final follow-up(<0.05). At final follow-up, CT scanning confirmed 8 cases completely fused and 5 cases partly fused;the intervertebral foramen area was increased from preoperative (94.86±2.44)mm2 to (150.70±7.02)mm2(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extreme lateral interbody fusion combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is an ideal method and can obtain early good clinical effects in treating lumbar degenerative disease.</p>

Mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular versus percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects and radiographic outcomes of mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2009 and August 2012, 95 patients with thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits were treated with short-segment pedicle fixation through mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular or percutaneous approach. There were 65 males and 30 females, aged from 16 to 60 years old with an average of 42 years. The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach was used in 58 cases (group A) and the percutaneous approach was used in 37 cases (group B). Total incision length, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy, hospitalization cost were compared between two groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic outcomes were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 19.6 months. No complications such as incision infection, internal fixation loosening and breakage were found. In group A, fluoroscopy time was short and hospitalization cost was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). But the total incision length in group B was smaller than that of group A (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes between two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes were improved than that of preoperative (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation have similar clinical effects and radiographic outcomes in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits. However, in this study, the mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach has a short learning curve and more advantages in hospitalization cost and intraoperative radiation exposure times, and is recommendable.</p>

Evaluation of fluidized granulation technology of Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablet by multicriteria synthesizing grading method / 中草药

Objective: To explore the feasibility of multicriteria synthesizing grading method using in the optimization of the fluidized granulation technology for Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablet (JXT), and to provide a reference for fluidized granulation technology to spread and apply in the pelletization of materials with strong stickiness. Methods: Using orthogonal design, the property parameters of granule and tablet were measured, and the best process parameters were optimized. Results: The optimal process parameters were as follows: The inlet air temperature was 55°C, the inlet pressure was 8 kPa, the spray pressure was 30 kPa, and the flow rate of the liquid was 1.0-2.5 mL/min. Conclusion: The multicriteria synthesizing grading method used in optimizing the fluidized granulation technology of JXT is stable and feasible, and provides theory evidence for improving the productivity and product quality.

Impact of directly compressed auxiliary materials on powder property of fermented cordyceps powder / 中国中药杂志

To investigate such physical indexes as hygroscopicity, angle of repose, bulk density, fillibility of compression of mixed powder of directly compressed auxiliary materials and fermented cordyceps powder by using micromeritic study methods. The results showed that spray-dried lactose Flowlac100 and microcrystalline cellulose Avicel PH102 had better effect in liquidity and compressibility on fermented cordyceps powder than pregelatinized starch. The study on the impact of directly compressed auxiliary materials on the powder property of fermented cordyceps powder had guiding significant to the research of fermented cordyceps powder tablets, and could provide basis for the development of fermented cordyceps powder tablets.

Effect of orthodontic force on expression of Asporin after tooth auto-transplantation: an experimental study in Beagle dogs / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of orthodontic light force on the expression of Asporin, bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after auto-transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two maxillary and mandibular incisors in four 13 month-old male Beagle dogs were auto-transplanted to the other side of the same jaw. The teeth were all endodontically treated and divided into four groups, control (group 1) and three experimental groups (groups 2, 3 and 4).In control group, the teeth were unloaded. In the other three experimental groups, continuous force was applied in the 1st week (group 2), 2nd week (group 3) and 4th week (group 4) after auto-transplantation, respectively. The dogs were sacrificed in the 8th week. The mRNA expressions of Asporin,BMP-2 and ALP were examined by real time PCR. The expression of periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1) was examined by Western blotting. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group 3, the expression of Asporin mRNA (2.047 ± 0.281) was higher than that in the other three groups, while the expression of BMP-2 (1.358 ± 0.095) was lower than that in group 2 and control group (P < 0.05). The expression of PLAP-1 (1.054 ± 0.113) in group 3 was higher than other groups, while significant difference was found between any two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Orthodontic force could stimulate the expression of Asporin and PLAP-1. The orthodontic force applied in the 2nd week after the tooth auto-transplantation, the expression of Asporin and PLAP-1 reached the highest level.</p>