RESUMEN
Background: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous gland disease usually affecting people from puberty to young adulthood due to hormonal changes, but the exact relationship of various hormone to acne is not known. Aims:- The present study has been planned to find out the association of hormonal status with the different grades of acne vulgaris female patients.. Methods: Fifty patients each of Mild (group I), Moderate (group II) and Severe Acne Vulgaris (group III) in age group 15-40 years were included as cases. The fasting blood samples were collected on the second day of menstrual cycle of the patient and before the start of treatment. Written and informed consent was taken from all subjects in the cases and control groups after explaining about the details of the study. Results: Levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estrogen, Testosterone, Insulin, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Prolactin in different grade of acne vulgaris patients were compared with control groups. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test and ANOVA. Conclusion: Level of LH, Estradiol,Testosterone andInsulin may be studied in cases resistant to conventional treatment of acne in women while the levels of FSH and prolactin, need not to be studied.
RESUMEN
Hypertension affects millions of patients worldwide. Persistent elevation affecting the arteries and veins in eye can be the most accessible to clinically detect undiagnosed hypertension. Aim: To know the incidence of retinopathy due to hypertension in both sex and various age groups. The severity of hypertension and its relation with fundus changes is observed. Material and Methods: The Study was carried out at the department of ophthalmology in Shri Guru Gobind Singh Hospital. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation including dilated fundus and systemic examination of the patient is carried out in detail. Thereafter attempt is made to correlate the Fundus findings with age, sex, past history etc. For hypertensive retinopathy Keith-Wagener-Barker Classification is used. Result: Hypertension is most common in 5th to 6th decade of life. Males are more affected than females. Male to female ratio is 1.72. Fundus changes are observed maximum in grade II (26, 44.8%) followed by Grade I(15,21.9%), Grade III(11,19%) and minimal in Grade IV(6,10.3%).With incidence of hypertensive retinopathy in different age group shows that Grade II more number of cases 26 (44.8%) in 41-50 years of age group showing 8 cases. In complication of hypertensive retinopathy, 10 cases of macular edema, 6 cases of disc edema, 1 case of central retinal vein occlusion and 1 case of branch retinal vein occlusion are found. Conclusion: Incidence of hypertensive retinopathy is increased as age is increased with maximum presentation in 5th to 6th decade of life with male dominance with male:female ratio 1.72. Hypertensive retinopathy grade II is the most common retinopathy found. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure was associated with more severe retinopathy. Grade-III and Grade-IV hypertensive retinopathy was maximally associated with systemic involvement.