RESUMEN
Hirayama disease, or brachial monomelic amyotrophy, is not a common neurological disease characterized by unilateral or asymmetric bilateral lower motor weakness of distal upper limbs. The basic pathophysiology is compression of the dural sac and spinal cord during flexion of the neck. A case of a 21-year-old male presented with chief complaints of tremors in both hands (right more than left) with gradually progressive weakness of the right hand and forearm. Electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neck in flexion showed focal atrophy of lower cervical myotomes and confirmed the diagnosis of monomelic amyotrophy.
RESUMEN
Background: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) and neuropathy is common in diabetes mellitus but theabnormalities in Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the influence of altered glycaemic indices oncardiovascular parameters by using HRV has not been elucidated in prediabetics. Hence, the present studywas aimed to measure HRV and to find out the association, if any, between the parameters of HRV andglycaemic index in Prediabetics.Methods: Recording of short term HRV in thirty prediabetics and thirty apparently healthy controls of eithersex in the age group of 40 to 65 years were done. The subjects were enrolled as per American DiabetesAssociation (ADA) criteria on the basis of their glycaemic indices viz: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2h Oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).Result: Prediabetic subjects showed a significant decrease (p=0.007) in SDNN (Time Domain parameter ofHRV) when compared with the control group, whereas the RMSSD and other frequency domain parametersof HRV did not show any significant difference in the two groups. However, the correlation analysis betweenvarious parameters of HRV and glycaemic indices showed a significant negative association.Conclusion: A significant decrease in SDNN along with significant negative association between HRVparameters and glycaemic indices indicates towards a decrease in parasympathetic activity of cardiacautonomic function and hence the possibility of initiation of CAD in Prediabetic stage itself.
RESUMEN
Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide a non-invasive method of studying ain neural activity, with P300 wave components reflecting the speed of cognitive processes. In our study we primarily focused on finding cognitive impairment in the initial stage of the Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through latency and amplitude study of P300 wave. We enrolled equal number (n = 35) of COPD cases and healthy controls. Mean value of Latency at Fz, Cz, Pz was significantly decreased in cases as compared to control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.006 respectively). Similarly, mean averaged latency was also decreased in COPD vs controls (p = 0.008). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between MEF25-75% and amplitude at Cz in the COPD cases (r = 0.3534, p = 0.037) was observed. The results obtained in our study suggests that the cognitive dysfunction is present even in mild to moderate COPD patients. The positive association between the spirometric parameters and P300 variables obtained in our study also suggests that with deterioration in lung functions there is decline in cognition.