In vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae and Comparative Study of Protein Profiling under Biotic Stress

Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by X. axonopodis pv. Punicae (XAP) assumed epidemic form and resulted in economic burden on farmers. In the current study the pathogen infected samples were collected and the isolated XAP was identity and confirmed through the morphological, biochemical characterization and Pathogenicity test. Bacterium was reisolated from infected plant to prove Koch’s postulates. Efficacy of different chemicals and oils were tested by disc diffusion assay and turbidometrically. Bronopol 3000 ppm (25.6±1.6 mm) and Clove oil (18.0±0.7 mm) formed highest zone of inhibition Turbidometri showed the highest O.D. (0.908 nm) by Copper oxy chloride and Neem oil showed maximum inhibition of growth with O.D. (0.842 nm). Biotic stress (pathogen) induced protein response was studies by using SDS-PAGE method after protein extraction from XAP, healthy P. granatum L. and infected P. granatum L. The protein band pattern showed the unique band no. 2 (Mol.Wt.66000 Da) in infected P. granatum L. as compared to the banding pattern of XAP and healthy P. granatum L. The over expressed protein due to biotic stress could be useful as a marker for detection of the disease at the early stage and for control of the diseases after knowing the biochemical significance of the protein.

3d Qsar And Docking Study Of Indole Derivatives As Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors

Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) continue to be one of the most widely used groups of therapeutic agents. QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) approach is a very useful and widespread technique for drug design. 3D QSAR facilitates evaluation of three-dimensional molecular fields around molecules and generates a relationship of these fields' values with the activity. Methods: 3D QSAR study was performed on selected twenty-four compounds from synthesized indole derivatives using the stepwise variable selection k-nearest neighbor (kNN) molecular field analysis approach for indicating the contribution of the steric and electronic field for activity. The docking study was performed to further confirm the binding affinity of synthesized molecules (ligands) to COX-2 enzyme as well as to study binding nature. Results: Statistically significant model was generated using VLife Molecular Design Suite 3.5 software with cross-validated correlation coefficient q2 of 0.9461 and high predictive correlation coefficient (Pred_r2) of 0.8782 indicating that the model is robust. The results of docking study suggest that the synthesized compounds have a comparable binding affinity with the COX-2 enzyme. Conclusion: The present study may prove to be helpful in the development and optimization of existing indole derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents with selective COX-2 inhibition.

Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections in Mumbai during 2011-12.

Purpose: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals aged less than 5 years. ARI often leads to hospitalisation, and it has been indicated that causative viral and bacterial infections go undetermined and results in the occurrence of resistant strains. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various viral and bacterial infections in patients with ARIs. Materials and Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from July 2011 to July 2012 with patients suffering from ARI. Viral and bacterial infections were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Infl uenza-like illness (ILI) consisted of 109 patients and ARI consisted of 91 patients. Pandemic infl uenza A H1N1 was the major viral infection with 21 (19.2%) patients in ILI as compared with 16 (17.4%) patients in ARI. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found to be 1 (0.9%) in ILI and ARI. Viral co-infections were 16 (14.4%) in ILI and 4 (4.37%) in ARI where pandemic infl uenza A H1N1 and infl uenza type B were major contributors. In bacterial infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae with 11 (10.9%) cases were predominant in both the groups. Bacterial co-infection accounted for only 1 (1.09%) case in both the groups but the most signifi cant fi nding was the viral-bacterial co-infection in which Haemophilus infl uenzae was the major co-infecting bacteria with the infl uenza viruses with 4 (4.36%) cases as compared with Streptotoccus pneumoniae. Conclusion: This data indicate the need to undertake continued surveillance that will help to better defi ne the circulation of respiratory viruses along with the bacterial infections.

Role of temperature on stability constants of metal complexes in 50% (V/V) water-ethanol solution.

Thermodynamic protonation constants of 5-aldehydosalicylic acid-aniline Schiff base, [5ASAA], and o-, m-, p-Toluidine Schiff bases with 5-aldehydosalicylic acid have been determined by Calvin –Bjerrum pH titration technique as used by Irving and Rossotti. The thermodynamic formation constants of the chelates of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Mg (II) with these four ligands have been determined at four different temperatures in 50% (v/v) water-ethanol mixture; the stabilities of complexes follow the Irving-William’s order.