RESUMEN
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family protein MAGUK invert 2 (MAGI-2) has been demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenic mechanism of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MAGI-2 at mRNA and protein levels. The prognostic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chinese patients with prostate cancer was also investigated. The expression data of MAGI-2 were assessed through database retrieval, analysis of sequencing data from our group, and tissue immunohistochemistry using digital scoring system (H-score). The clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected. The expression of MAGI-2 in prostate tumor tissues and prostate normal tissues was evaluated and compared. MAGI-2 expression was associated with clinical parameters including tumor stage, lymph node status, Gleason score, PSA level, and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. The relative expression of MAGI-2 mRNA was lower in the tumor tissue in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and sequencing data (P < 0.001). There was no difference in MAGI-2 protein expression between tumor and normal tissues in tissue microarray (TMA) results. MAGI-2 expression was associated with pathological tumor stage (P = 0.02), Gleason score (P = 0.05), and preoperation prostate-specific antigen (PSA; P = 0.04). A positive correlation was identified between MAGI-2 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expressions through the analysis of TCGA and TMA data (P < 0.0001). Patients with higher MAGI-2 expression had longer biochemical recurrence-free survival in the univariate analysis (P = 0.005), which indicates an optimal prognostic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chinese patients with prostate cancer. In conclusion, MAGI-2 expression gradually decreases with tumor progression, and can be used as a predictor of tumor recurrence in Chinese patients.
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Chemotherapy is an effective method for malignant tumors, but chemotherapy-associated adverse effects not only bring great suffering to patients, but also reduce patients’ compliance to chemotherapy. Auricular point sticking is a disease treatment method which fixes the particles, such as pills, medicine seeds and plant seeds to specific auricular points using adhesive tape, stimulating relevant points by manual pressure. It has a great potential in reducing chemotherapyassociated side effects. In this paper we reviewed the recent progress on auricular point sticking in treating chemotherapyassociated side effects, and summarized the advantages, limitations, and adverse reactions of auricular point sticking.
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Objective To explore the value of auricular point sticking in the treatment of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea induced by SOX (S-1 and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in the patients with gastric cancer. Methods Totally 110 gastric cancer patients receiving SOX chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy were recruited and equally allocated into experiment group and control group, with 55 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups received auricular point sticking at different acupoints. The shenmen, stomach, sympathetic, subcortex, liver and spleen were selected for the experiment group, while the acupoints in the control group included the eye, lung, kidney, shoulder joint and knee point. Auricular point sticking therapy continued for 21 days in all patients, who pressed the auricular points 3 times a day for at least 3 min each time. American National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (Version 2.0) was applied to evaluate the severity of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Results Ninety-five patients finished the study with 49 in the experiment group and 46 in the control group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history, invasion depth, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor stage or tumor maximum diameter between the two groups. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea was similar in the two groups. The patients had lower severity and shorter duration of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in the experiment group versus the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Auricular point sticking feasibly decreases the severity and duration of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea of gastric cancer patients receiving SOX chemotherapy.
RESUMEN
Many major neurodegenerative diseases are associated with proteins misfolding and aggregation, which are also called "neurodegenerative conformational disease". The interaction of gene mutation and environmental factors are probably primary events resulting in oligomer and aggregate formations of proteins. Moreover, the dysfunctions of protein control systems, i.e. the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal system, also contribute to the neurodegenerative process. The present review mainly summarizes protein misfolding and aggregation in the development of neurodegenerative conformational disease and the underling mechanisms, as well as upregulation of heatshock proteins as a promising treatment method for this kind of disease.