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Objective:To conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) worldwide from 2012 to 2022 and to investigate the current research status and hotspots in this field.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was used as the data source. According to the set retrieval strategy, the CiteSpace bibliometric tools were used to analyze the published literature and explore the research hotspots and cutting-edge directions.Results:A total of 4 937 articles were included, and the number of publications increased year by year from 2012 to 2022. The United States is a leading country in this field, Harvard University is a leading institution in this field, and Rinkel Gabriel JE is the researcher with the most published articles in this field. The analysis of the keywords provided by the author showed that delayed cerebral ischemia, vasospasm, risk, intracranial aneurysms, endovascular treatment, risk factors, embolization, complications, Pipeline embolization device, coil embolization, hemodynamics, and wall shear stress were the main hotspots and cutting-edge directions of aSAH research.Conclusion:The results of bibliometric analysis help to grasp the current research status of aSAH and determine new directions for future research.
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Purpose To explore the application value of ultrasound-guided thyroid fine needle aspiration liquid-based thin layer cytopathology combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 detection in preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Meth-ods Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the ex-pression differences of p21 and Cyclin D1 between benign and malignant thyroid nodules,and their correlations the clinicopath-ological features.The diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB,p21,Cyclin D1 and the three combined detection in benign and malig-nant thyroid nodules was evaluated by constructing receiver oper-ating curve.Results The expression of p21 and Cyclin D1 was up-regulated in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group,86.36%(57/66)and 93.94%(62/66),and 1.96%(1/52)and 5.77%(3/52)in the benign nodule group,respectively;the difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).The positive rates of p21 and Cyclin D1 in BRAF V600E wild type PTC were 88.89%(8/9).The expression of p21 and Cyc-lin D1 was correlated with the tumor size of PTC(P<0.05),but not with gender,age,number of tumor foci,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P>0.05).The sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection were 95.45%,98.07%,98.43%and 94.44%,respectively,which were higher than those of US-FNAB independent detection,and the sensitivity and negative predictive value were higher than those of BRAF V600E.The area under ROC curve of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection(AUC = 0.967 7)was larger than that of US-FNAB(AUC = 0.849 9)and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under ROC curve of the combined detection of the three was greater than that of independent detection of BRAF V600E(AUC =0.931 8),and the combined detection of US-FNAB with p21(AUC = 0.946 4)or Cyclin D1(AUC = 0.944 3).It was close to that of US-FNAB combined BRAF V600E detection(AUC = 0.971 2).Conclusion US-FNAB combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical detec-tion can help improve the sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and it has high diagnostic value for BRAF V600E wild-type papillary carcinoma.
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HMGB1's role in tumors is complex and diverse,and it exerts its biological function by combining with different receptors.One of the receptors is called RAGE,which is localized to the cell membrane and binds to HMGB1 released outside the cell.The HMGB1/RAGE axis promotes tumor development,moreover,tumor development and its drug resistance are closely related to inflammation.This article mainly reviews the molecular mechanism of HMGB1/RAGE axis in pro-inflammatory and protumor effects in pancreatic,colorectal and liver cancers.We also summarize the research progress of papaverine and its derivatives for the treatment of HMGB1/RAGE axis in tumor inflammation,with aims of providing new ideas for exploring the molecular mechanism of action in tumor inflammation,and providing a new theoretical basis for the research of HMGB1/RAGE axis therapeutics.
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The standardized treatment of malignant tumor has always been the direction of continuous improvement of major medical institutions.In recent years,the basic research,prevention,screening and diagnosis and treatment level of gastric,gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer have been greatly improved,resulting in a significant improvement in the 5 years'survival rate of patients,but there are still great differences in the diagnosis and treatment level among different regions.Chinese gastric cancer,gastroesophageal junction cancer and esophageal cancer differ greatly from European and American countries in etiology,pathological types,high incidence sites,etc.Therefore,the relevant guidelines of European and American countries cannot fully meet Chinese clinical practice.In 2021,Elsevier Publishing Group launched the Chinese edition of Elsevier clinical pathway for gastric,gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer,and the first update edition was made in 2022,which aims to promote the quality control of tumor diagnosis and treatment,standardize tumor diagnosis and treatment behaviors,promote the homogenization and standardization of tumor diagnosis and treatment,and ultimately improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor.This pathway refers to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines,combines evidence-based medicine and clinical experience,and follows the scientific,universal,standardized and operable principles.It has been promoted and applied in clinical practice,and is constantly updated according to the latest research results.
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The cross regional loose medical alliance is an important carrier in the current integrated development process of medical services in the Yangtze River Delta region. Smith policy implementation process model was used to analyze the development difficulties of cross regional loose medical alliances from idealized policies, policy implementation institutions, policy target groups, and policy implementation environment. Such medical alliances were formed under the background of integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, with Shanghai′s tertiary public hospitals as leading units and medical institutions in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces as member units. Analysis showed that the policies for such medical alliances development had not yet clearly defined the organizational management mode, operational mechanism, and implementation path, and the corporate governance structure of medical alliance was immature; The policy implementation agencies were relatively lagging behind in the support of special funds and the formulation of related supporting policies; Participation of policy target groups was insufficient and their incentive mechanisms was imperfect; There were problems in the policy implementation environment, namely inconsistent medical and health service regulations and systems in different regions, different health financing capabilities of local governments, insufficient coordination of medical institution management concepts, and a lack of unified standards in information systems. Based on the above difficulties, this study proposed to strengthen the development planning and layout of cross regional loose medical alliances, and improve the corporate governance structure; To strengthen the government′s main responsibility and improving policy implementation capabilities; To improve the internal cooperation and operation mechanism of cross regional loose medical alliances, and enhance the sense of identity of the target group; To optimize the policy implementation environment and implement various support measures, so as to provide references for further promoting the coordinated development of high-quality medical resources in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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Objective:Through the detection of iodine nutrition level and thyroid function of pregnant women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), to preliminary study the pregnant women's iodine nutrition level, thyroid function status and the relationship between the two and influencing factors.Methods:From March to June in 2020, stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted. Two counties (cities) in Southern and Northern Xinjiang were selected as survey sites, and about 100 pregnant women (a total of 412) were selected from each county (city) as survey subjects. Random urine samples and blood samples were collected to detect urinary iodine and serum thyroid function indicators [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab)]. Results:The median and interquartile range [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of pregnant women's urinary iodine was 228.4 (143.15, 327.95) μg/L. Serum FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels [ M ( Q1, Q3)] were 4.22 (3.92, 4.61), 13.79 (12.63, 15.26) pmol/L and 1.82 (1.26, 2.52) mU/L, respectively. The overall positive rates of Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab were 5.61% (23/412) and 11.95% (49/412), respectively. The positive rates of Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab in Southern and Northern Xinjiang were 4.78% (10/209), 10.05% (21/209), 6.40% (13/203) and 13.79% (28/203), respectively. The positive rates of Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab in Northern Xinjiang were higher than those in Southern Xinjiang, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 1.31, 2.17, P > 0.05). The positive rate of TPO-Ab in pregnant women was the influencing factor of abnormal thyroid function, and the odds ratio ( OR) [95% confidence interval ( CI)] was 3.22 (1.31 - 7.93). Conclusions:Pregnant women in Xinjiang are generally at an appropriate level of iodine, but the state of thyroid function still needs continuous attention. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the thyroid function examination of pregnant women with positive thyroid autoantibodies to prevent and control the occurrence of abnormal thyroid function in pregnant women.
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The standardized treatment of malignant tumor has always been the direction of continuous improvement of major medical institutions. In recent years, the basic research, prevention, screening and diagnosis and treatment level of gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer have been greatly improved, resulting in a significant improvement in the 5 years′ survival rate of patients, but there are still great differences in the diagnosis and treatment level among different regions. Chinese gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer and esophageal cancer differ greatly from European and American countries in etiology, pathological types, high incidence sites, etc. Therefore, the relevant guidelines of European and American countries cannot fully meet Chinese clinical practice. In 2021, Elsevier Publishing Group launched the Chinese edition of Elsevier clinical pathway for gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer, and the first update edition was made in 2022, which aims to promote the quality control of tumor diagnosis and treatment, standardize tumor diagnosis and treatment behaviors, promote the homogenization and standardization of tumor diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor. This pathway refers to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines, combines evidence-based medicine and clinical experience, and follows the scientific, universal, standardized and operable principles. It has been promoted and applied in clinical practice, and is constantly updated according to the latest research results.
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Iodine, as the main raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the body, exhibits a U-shaped curve relationship with thyroid function. Both iodine deficiency and excess may cause thyroid dysfunction and damage human health. China was once one of the countries where iodine deficiency were widely prevalent in the world. Since the implementation of universal salt iodization in 1995, the iodine nutritional status in China has been greatly improved, and the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders has been basically achieved. However, there is still a state of inadequate iodine nutrition among susceptible populations (pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and infants). Pregnancy is a special physiological stage for women, and in order to meet the iodine needs of themselves and their fetuses, the iodine requirement of pregnant women increases by about 50% compared to non-pregnant women. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD suggest using urinary iodine concentration (UIC) to evaluate iodine nutritional status during pregnancy, with UIC of 150 - < 250 μg/L is considered suitable for iodine nutrition, but the best method for evaluating iodine nutrition status during pregnancy is still controversial. With the improvement of socio-economic level and people's health awareness, especially during special stages such as pregnancy, people pay more attention to individual iodine status. Therefore, the investigation of reliable indicators for evaluating iodine nutrition during pregnancy has gained increasing significance.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of galectin-3 (gal-3) on microglia polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods:C57BL/6 male adult mice were used to induce SAH or sham operation models. Gal-3 siRNA or negative control siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 48 h before the model was induced. After 24 h of model preparation, the SAH score, neurological function score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate were measured. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], CD11b, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and M2 phenotype markers (CD206, YM1/2, arginase-1 [Arg1]).Results:After using Gal-3 siRNA to inhibit Gal-3, the neurological function score significantly increased, while the SAH score, brain water content, and Evans blue exudate significantly decreased ( P<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of M1 phenotypic markers (iNOS, CD11b and TNF-α) in microglia were significantly decreased after Gal-3 inhibition, while the expressions of M2 phenotypic markers (CD206, YM1/2 and Arg1) were significantly increased ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Inhibition of Gal-3 expression can alleviate the early brain injury after SAH, and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype.
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Objective@#To investigate the intake of liquid dairy products and identify its influencing factors among the fourth grade students in Nanjing City. @*Methods@#The fourth grade students were selected as the study subjects in Nanjing City using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in September 2020. Their general information, frequency of liquid dairy product intake one week prior to survey and mean intake amount per time were collected. According to the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, weekly intake of liquid dairy products of 2 100 g and greater was defined eligible. Factors affecting the frequency and amount of liquid dairy product intake were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 2 268 questionnaires were allocated and 2 216 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.71%. The respondents included 1 199 boys ( 54.11% ) and 1 017 girls ( 45.89% ). The frequency of liquid dairy product intake was (6.41±4.86) times per week, and the median intake amount was 1 250.00 g per week (interquartile range, 1 750.00 g per week). There were 607 students ( 27.39% ) consuming liquid dairy products of 2 100 g and greater a week, and 1 016 students ( 45.85% ) consumed liquid dairy products for 7 times and more a week. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that living in urban areas ( OR=1.204, 95%CI: 1.005-1.443 ), knowing nutrition labels ( OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.021-1.460 ), periodical measurement of body weight (OR=1.486, 95%CI: 1.098-2.011) and restricted intake of sugar-containing drinks ( OR=1.264, 95%CI: 1.005-1.590 ) facilitated the intake of liquid dairy products for 7 times and more a week, and students with periodical measurement of body weight were more likely to consume liquid dairy products for 2 100 g and greater a week ( OR=1.821, 95%CI: 1.240-2.676 ).@*Conclusions@#Inadequate intake of liquid dairy products is found among the fourth grade students in Nanjing City. Residence, awareness of nutrition labels, periodical measurement of body weight, and parental restriction of sugar-containing drink intake affect the intake of liquid dairy products.
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Ambient air pollution has become a widespread global public health problem. As one of the main components of ambient air pollution, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with its small diameter and large surface area, can carry a variety of toxic substances and enter the blood circulation directly through the blood-air barrier, damaging various tissues and organs of human body. Studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy can disrupt the mother's and child's thyroid function. Since the fetal thyroid gland does not begin to develop until around the sixth week of pregnancy, the fetal thyroid hormone is almost entirely dependent on the mother during early stages of pregnancy, and maternal thyroid hormone level play a crucial role in the growth and development of fetus. When a mother is exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy, placenta, the "bridge" between mother and fetus, is also affected to some extent, including changes in placental iodine uptake and oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA methylation in placental tissue. Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy also alters maternal thyroid hormone level and normal placental function, which can have a detrimental effect on pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neurological abnormalities. This paper reviewed the effects of PM2.5 exposure during different trimesters on maternal and infant thyroid function, placental function, and pregnancy outcomes, aiming to provide more accurate protection of maternal and fetal health.
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Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant women in the areas of oral lipiodol pills in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang).Methods:In October 2019, using the probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS sampling) method, Aksu Prefecture (Aksu) of Xinjiang was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the directions of east, west, south, north and middle. One county was selected from each area, one township was selected from each county according to the directions of east, west, south, north and middle, and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township. The general demographic data of pregnant women were collected by questionnaires, and 24-hour urine samples, household salt samples and drinking water samples were collected for iodine detection, and serum samples were collected for thyroid function index detection.Results:A total of 555 pregnant women were investigated, including 121, 234 and 200 women in the early, middle and late pregnancy, with an average age of 26 years. Among them, the median of urinary iodine of women in early, middle and late pregnancy was 209.53, 204.27 and 225.29 μg/L, respectively, which was all in the appropriate state. The median of salt iodine was 24.70, 26.00 and 26.20 mg/kg, respectively, and the median of water iodine was 4.85, 3.30 and 4.85 μg/L, respectively. There were no significant difference in urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine during different pregnancy ( H= 1.61, 4.38, 2.63, P > 0.05). The prevalence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism in pregnant women was 4.32% (24/555), 0.54% (3/555) and 0.36% (2/555), respectively; and the highest prevalence rate was in the middle pregnancy, which was 7.26% (17/234), 1.28% (3/234) and 0.85% (2/234), respectively. The positive rate of autospecific antibody in pregnant women with normal thyroid function was 13.15% (73/555). The positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) was 11.35% (63/555), 8.11% (45/555), respectively. After excluding the pregnant women with positive thyroid autospecific antibody, the range ( P2.5- P97.5) of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in different pregnancy were close to or slightly higher than the recommended reference value in the "Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Diseases During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2nd ed)". Except that the P2.5 value of free thyroxine (FT 4) in early pregnancy was lower than the reference value, the FT 4 range in other pregnancy showed the same trend as that of TSH. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that free triiodothyronine (FT 3) and FT 4, TPOAb and TgAb, TgAb and FT 4 were positively correlated ( r= 0.497, 0.504, 0.216, P < 0.05), and TSH and FT 3 was negatively correlated ( r = - 0.194, P < 0.05) in the early pregnancy; FT 3 and FT 4, TPOAb and TgAb were positively correlated in the middle and late pregnancy ( r = 0.188, 0.527, 0.177, 0.623, P < 0.05); TSH was negatively correlated with FT 3 in the late pregnancy ( r = - 0.165, P < 0.05); there was no correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid function indexes ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The water iodine in the outer environment of the oral lipiodol pills area Aksu in Xinjiang is low, and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women is appropriate. Except that the P2.5 value of FT 4 in the early pregnancy is lower than the reference value, the TSH range close to or of women during each pregnancy and the FT 4 range of women in the middle and late pregnancy are slightly higher than the reference value, which still need continuous monitoring.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of oral iodized oil pills on iodine nutrition and thyroid function of pregnant women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang).Methods:From May to July 2017, one county was selected from Ili Prefecture without taking iodized oil pills, Aksu Prefecture taking iodized oil pills once a year, and Kashgar Prefecture taking iodized oil pills twice a year in Xinjiang as survey sites, respectively; 100 pregnant women (evenly distributed in early, middle and late pregnancy) were selected from each survey county, the general data, urine and blood samples were collected, and urinary iodine and thyroid function indicators [free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyrotropin (TSH), anti thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and anti thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)] were tested. Results:A total of 308 pregnant women were investigated, and 289 were finally included in the analysis, with an average age of 25 years; the body mass index (BMI) was (22.69 ± 3.07) kg/m 2. The occupation distribution was mainly farmer, accounting for 93.77% (271/289); most of them had junior high school education or below, accounting for 71.97% (208/289). The median urinary iodine of early, middle and late pregnant women in Kashgar Prefecture was 712.87, 604.50 and 656.23 μg/L, respectively, which were in iodine excess state. The iodine nutrition level of early pregnant women in Ili Prefecture and Aksu Prefecture was in iodine super suitability state, and the iodine nutrition level of middle and late pregnant women was in the iodine suitability state. The difference of median urinary iodine in early, middle and late pregnancy women between different regions was statistically significant ( Z = 53.02, 49.60, 44.66, P < 0.001). In addition, the urinary iodine of women in Kashgar Prefecture during each pregnancy period was significantly higher than that in Ili Prefecture and Aksu Prefecture ( P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of FT 3 among women in early pregnancy, FT 4 and TSH among women in middle pregnancy between different regions ( F = 4.59, 10.92, Z = 8.61, P < 0.05 or < 0.001). Among them, the level of FT 3 in early pregnancy in Kashgar Prefecture was lower than that in Ili Prefecture ( P < 0.05); the level of FT 4 in Kashgar Prefecture during middle pregnancy was higher than that in Ili Prefecture, and the level of TSH was lower than that in Ili Prefecture ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TgAb positive rate, TPOAb positive rate and double antibody positive rate of early, middle and late pregnant women between different regions ( P > 0.05). The detection rates of hypothyroxinemia in early pregnant women in Ili Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture and Kashgar Prefecture were 13.9% (5/36), 3.2% (1/31) and 0 (0/33), respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between different regions ( P = 0.036). The detection rates of subclinical hyperthyroidism in middle pregnant women were 0 (0/35), 0 (0/40), 17.6% (6/34), respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between different regions ( P = 0.001). Conclusions:The results of urinary iodine in the three regions are in line with the iodine nutrition distribution under their respective iodine supplement strategies. Pregnant women in Kashgar Prefecture present iodine excess status after taking iodized oil pills; at the same time, the serum FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels of pregnant women in Kashgar Prefecture are affected by iodine nutrition levels. Although it is scientific and effective to implement the intensified iodine supplement measures for pregnant women, it is still necessary to further study the suitability of oral iodine oil pills to ensure that pregnant women are at an suitability iodine nutrition level.
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To explore the potential mechanism of frankincense volatile oil in the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy based on in vitro cell experiment and network pharmacology. METHODS: The anti-hypertrophic effect of frankincense volatile oil was investigated by isoproterenol induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes hypertrophy model. The active chemical components and targets of frankincense volatile oil and targets associated with cardiac hypertrophy were obtained by CNKI, Pubmed, Pubchem databases, etc. String database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software were used to construct protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and a network of "drug-active component-key target-disease" of frankincense volatile oil in order to screen the key targets of frankincense volatile oil against cardiac hypertrophy. The fluorescent quantitative PCR experiments were performed to verify those key targets. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation analysis of key target genes were performed using David online analysis tool. RESULTS: In vitro cell experiments showed that frankincense volatile oil significantly inhibited the isoproterenol induced increases in cardiomyocytes surface area and protein synthesis, and upregulations of ANP and β-MHC mRNA. A total of 87 active components and 36 ingredient-disease targets of frankincense volatile oil were screened. Network analysis showed that ESR1, NOS3, PTGS2, TNF, MAPK14, and PPARG were key targets. Fluorescence quantitative PCR experiments results indicated that frankincense volatile oil inhibited isoproterenol induced upregulations of ESR1, PTGS2, TNF, and MAPK14 mRNA levels, and downregulations of NOS3, PPARG mRNA levels, respectively. In addition, the GO functional enrichment analysis showed that its biological pathways mainly included lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, caveola, enzyme binding, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included 22 KEGG pathways, which were closely related to VEGF signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway and others. CONCLUSION: The active components of frankincense volatile oil may regulate VEGF signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Sphingolipid signaling pathway by acting on ESR1, NOS3, PTGS2, TNF, MAPK14 and PPARG targets, thereby affecting the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, caveola, and enzyme binding, and improving cardiac hypertrophy.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of naringin on early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage and its possible mechanism of action.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group, and the naringin group. Each group had 8 rats. The SAH model was established by intravascular perforation, and then rats in the model group and the naringin group were administered 0.9% NaCl or naringin 40 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection after 0.5 h. SAH score, neurological function score, cerebral edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were detected. The level of NAD + and nflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and protease-activated receptor (PAR) proteins was detected by Western Blot. The expression of PARP-1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). Neuronal apoptosis was detected by an immunofluorescence assay. Results:Compared with the model group, naringin treatment improved neurological function ( P<0.01), reduced cerebral edema and Evans blue exudation (all P<0.01), increased the content of NAD + ( P<0.001), reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (all P<0.001), and reduced the expression of PARP-1/AIF pathway-related proteins in vivo (all P<0.001). In addition, naringin could inhibit neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury after SAH. Conclusions:Naringin can improve the early brain injury after SAH, which may be achieved by inhibiting the PARP-1/AIF pathway.
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Objective@#To explore the knowledge and consumption of sugar sweetened beverage(SSB) and its influencing factors among third grade primary students, to provide basis for take targeted intervention measures.@*Methods@#In September 2019, 1 686 primary school students of grade 3 were randomly selected from 2 primary schools in 1 urban area and 1 outer suburb area of 12 districts in Nanjing by using a multistage cluster sampling method，and a self administered questionnaire were offered to them to collect the knowledge about sugar sweetened beverage and its intake.@*Results@#Totally 753 students (44.7%) answered 6 or more SSB knowledge questions correctly, and the rate of 389 students (50.2%) in urban areas was higher than that of 364 students (40.0%) in suburban areas. There were 780 (46.3%) students who knew that dairy containing beverage could not replace milk, the rate of 403 (52.0%) students in urban area was higher than that of 377 (41.4%) students in suburban area (χ 2=17.76, 18.99, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the frequency of consumption of SSB <1 time per week, the behavioral risk factors of primary school students who drink SSB ≥4 times per week were:urban area (OR=1.55), low parents educational level (OR=2.44), and frequent storage of SSB at home (OR=1.62). The protective factors were as follows:duration of extracurricular physical activity <120 min/week (OR=0.68), video time <120 min/day (OR=0.50), awareness rate of SSB ≥60% (OR=0.75), and restriction of high sugar snacks by parents (OR=0.60).@*Conclusion@#The knowledge associated with SSB among third grade students in Nanjing is relatively low. Consumption of SSB has been influenced by areas, parents educational level, knowledge about SSB and family factors. SSB consumption among primary students should be interfered at the school and family level. The health food education need to carry out based on the school and family, so as to create a supportive atmosphere integrating the school family to drink less sugar beverages.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-mediated high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) deacetylation in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods:A total of 176 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham operation (Sham group) ( n=48), SAH group ( n=48), OA group ( n=48) and Sirtinol group ( n=32). Rats in the SAH group, OA group and the Sirtinol group all adopted internal carotid artery puncture to construct SAH model, while rats in the sham group did not adopt puncture. One hour after modeling, the rats in the OA group were given intraperitoneal injection of OA (20 mg/kg), and the rats in the Sirtinol group were given intracerebroventricular injection of Sirtinol (2 mmol/L, 30 μL/kg). The rats in the sham group and SAH group were injected with equal volumes of sodium chloride injection. The SAH score and neurological score were performed 24 h after SAH, and the water content in the brain tissue and Evans blue exudation rate were measured. The expressions of HMGB1, SIRT1 and acetylated HMGB1 proteins in the brain tissue of rats were detected by Western Blot. The expression of HMGB1 mRNA in the brain of the rats was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The distribution of HMGB1 protein in the brain of the rats was observed by immunofluorescence staining. TUNEL staining was used to observe the neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue of the rats. Results:Compared with the SAH group, the SAH score of the OA group was significantly reduced ( P<0.001), the Garcia score was increased ( P<0.01), and the brain water content and Evans blue exudation rate were both reduced (all P<0.01). Compared with the OA group, the SAH score of the Sirtinol group was increased ( P<0.01), the Garcia score was significantly decreased ( P<0.001), and the brain water content and Evans blue exudation rate were both increased (all P<0.01). The results of Western Blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that, compared with the SAH group, the protein level ( P<0.01) and mRNA level ( P<0.05) of HMGB1 in the OA group were decreased, the expression of SIRT1 protein was significantly increased ( P<0.001), and the expression of acetylated HMGB1 protein was decreased ( P<0.01). Immunofluorescence staining showed that OA inhibited the migration of HMGB1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. TUNEL staining showed that OA could effectively reduce the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Compared with the OA group, Sirtinol significantly increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Conclusions:OA can reduce the release of HMGB1 through the SIRT1/HMGB1 pathway, thereby protecting the early brain injury after SAH.
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Iodine is widely present in nature and it is one of the essential trace elements for human body. Iodine affects normal growth, development and metabolism of human body by participating in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects nearly 1.9 billion people worldwide and it is one of the health problems of global concern. As a special group, pregnant women are the focus group of iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy will not only lead to thyroid dysfunction, endemic cretinism, but also irreversibly affect fetal brain development, resulting in infant mental retardation and growth retardation. This article summarizes the research progress of iodine deficiency during pregnancy, focusing on the hazards and evaluation index of iodine deficiency during pregnancy, and provides reference for future research priorities of iodine deficiency during pregnancy.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of thyroid volume in school-age children aged 8 - 10 years in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang for short).Methods:In 2020, counties (cities, districts) were taken as the units in the whole region of Xinjiang. Each county (city, district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the orientation of east, west, south, north, and middle, one township/street was selected from each area, and one primary school was selected from each township/street, 40 non-boarding children aged 8 - 10 years were selected from each primary school as the investigation subjects. Height and weight of children were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and body surface area were calculated; 24 h mixed urine samples of children and household edible salt samples were collected to detect the contents of urinary iodine and salt iodine; thyroid volume of children was measured by B-ultrasonography. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between thyroid volume and age, height, weight, body surface area, BMI, urinary iodine content, and salt iodine content. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation variables affecting thyroid volume.Results:A total of 18 334 children aged 8 - 10 years were investigated. The median urinary iodine was 237.88 μg/L. There were 132 children with goiter, and the rate of goiter was 0.72%. Of these, 9 249 (50.45%) were girls and 9 085 (49.55%) were boys. Girls' thyroid volume was positively correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area, BMI, urinary iodine content, and salt iodine content ( r = 0.125, 0.135, 0.167, 0.167, 0.154, 0.031, 0.019, P < 0.05); boys' thyroid volume was positively correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area, and BMI ( r = 0.132, 0.326, 0.156, 0.149, 0.146, P < 0.05), and there was no correlation with urinary iodine content and salt iodine content ( r = 0.019, 0.017, P > 0.05). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that age, height, weight, BMI, body surface area and urinary iodine content were the influencing factors of thyroid volume ( t = 14.92, 12.54, 20.98, 17.98, 20.25, 4.28, P < 0.01). Further multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, BMI, body surface area and urinary iodine content had significant independent effects on thyroid volume ( t = 9.61, 8.57, 7.76, 4.89, P < 0.01), the coefficient of determination ( R2) of the model was 0.278 2. According to the regression coefficient (β), the body surface area (β = 0.522 6) had the greatest influence on thyroid volume. Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 - 10 years in Xinjiang is sufficient. Thyroid volume is affected by age, BMI, body surface area and urinary iodine content.
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Objective:To investigate the joint associations of smoking and insufficient physical activity with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in male adults.Methods:Based on the data from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance Program, 61 098 Nanjing residents aged 18 and older was randomly recruited from 12 districts, using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Information about smoking behaviors, physical activity and chronic disease-related indicators within the first 12 months before the survey was obtained through questionnaires.Results:Among the 29 848 valid male samples, the proportions of non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers were 59.6%, 37.2% and 3.2%, and the proportions of those who had physically active<600 MET-min/w (insufficient physically active) and ≥600 MET-min/w (adequate physically active) were 18.8% and 82.2%, respectively. In non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers, the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, 34.0% and 43.8%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 8.8%, 12.3% and 16.5%, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 26.8%, 36.1% and 41.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers had a higher risk of hypertension ( OR=1.164, 95% CI: 1.086-1.248), diabetes ( OR=1.324, 95% CI: 1.207-1.452), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.216-1.371) than non-smokers in male adults. Compared with people who had adequate physical activity, someone with insufficient physical activity had higher hypertension ( OR=1.452, 95% CI: 1.331-1.583), diabetes ( OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.041-1.315) and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.245, 95% CI: 1.158-1.338). And current smokers with insufficient physical activity had the highest risk of hypertension ( OR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.550-1.974), diabetes ( OR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.165-1.595), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.614, 95% CI: 1.461-1.782) in male adults. Conclusions:Smoking and insufficient physical activity are risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. People who is characterized by smoking together with insufficient physical activity presents with increased risk on developing hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.