Effectiveness of galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potential for evaluation of Meniere's disease

Abstract Objectives: Although the cause of Meniere's disease (MD) is not fully understood, endolymphatic hydrops is widely believed to be responsible for MD. Previous studies have used Air-Conducted Sound (ACS)-induced Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) to evaluate otolithic function in patients with MD. However, the use of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation-VEMPs (GVS-VEMPs) with other vestibular tests in MD has been rare. This study aimed to explore the application of galvanic VEMPs in assessing MD. Methods: Normal individuals and patients with unilateral definite MD were included in this retrospective study. All participants underwent pure tone audiometry. Ocular and cervical VEMPs induced by GVS, and ACS were recorded. The characteristic parameters of VEMPs (n1 latency, p1 latency, amplitude, and AR) were analyzed. Results: The provocation rates of GVS-VEMPs did not differ between MD patients and control individuals. Compared with ACS, GVS could evoke potentials with longer latencies. MD patients presented GVS-VEMPs with lower amplitudes and ACS-cVEMP with shorter latencies and had a higher response rate in GVS-oVEMP. However, no differences or correlations were found in the characteristic parameters of GVS-VEMPs among the different stages of MD. Conclusions: GVS is as effective as ACS for inducing VEMP, and GVS-VEMP recording can detect retrolabyrinthine degeneration in MD. Further research is needed to assess the utility of GVS-VEMP in the evaluation of MD severity. Level of evidence: Level 4.

Effect of age on virtual reality-assisted subjective visual vertical and subjective visual horizontal at different head-tilt angles

Abstract Objective: Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) and Subjective Visual Horizontal (SVH) values may reflect bilateral utricle asymmetry. Bilateral utricle static tension balance can be used to evaluate bilateral otolith lesions and otolith-related central neuropathy. Few studies have examined Virtual Reality (VR)-assisted SVV and SVH values at various head-tilt angles across age groups. The present study aimed to determine the effects of age on VR-assisted SVV and SVH values at different head-tilt angles. Methods: We divided 180 healthy subjects into 6 age groups (n = 30 in each group). VR-assisted SVV and SVH measurements were performed at 9 head-tilt angles (head held vertically, 0°; head tilted 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° to the left/right) in the roll plane. Results: SVV and SVH values significantly differed with head-tilt angle (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in the SVH and SVV values between different age groups (p = 0.632 and p = 0.810, respectively), and no interaction between the age group and the head-tilt angle was found for the SVH and SVV values (p = 0.670 and p = 0.084, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that age may have little effect on VR-assisted SVV and SVH at different head-tilt angles. Therefore, VR-assisted SVV and SVH can be evaluated as an effective, fast, and simple way to evaluate utricle function. Level of Evidence: Level 4.

Overexpression of Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit B"Alpha Promotes Glycolysis by Regulating Hexokinase 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To investigate the regulatory relationship of Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit B"Alpha ( PPP2R3A) and hexokinase 1 ( HK1) in glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).@*Methods@#In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, PPP2R3A expression was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression by plasmid transfection. The PPP2R3A-related genes were searched by RNA sequencing. Glycolysis levels were measured by glucose uptake and lactate production. QRT-PCR, ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence assay were performed to detect the changes of PPP2R3A and HK1. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assay were used to study the roles of HK1 regulation by PPP2R3A.@*Results@#RNA sequencing data revealed that PPP2R3A siRNA significantly downregulated the expression of HK1. PPP2R3A gene overexpression promotes, while gene silencing suppresses, the level of HK1 and glycolysis in HCC cells. In HCC tissue samples, PPP2R3A and HK1 were colocalized in the cytoplasm, and their expression showed a positive correlation. HK1 inhibition abrogated the promotion of glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion by PPP2R3A overexpression in liver cancer cells.@*Conclusion@#Our findings showed the correlation of PPP2R3A and HK1 in the glycolysis of HCC, which reveals a new mechanism for the oncogenic roles of PPP2R3A in cancer.

Meanings of polysaccharides in traditional Chinese medicines decoction from the viewpoint of its gut microbiota regulation effects / 药学学报

Decoction is one of the traditional dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In addition to small molecular components, decoction also contains polysaccharides and other macromolecular components. For a long time, ethanol precipitation has been commonly used during TCMs based new drug development to remove "ineffective macromolecular components", and enrich "active small molecules components", so as to improve the subsequent formability of the preparations. With the recognition of the relationships between gut microbiota and host health/disease, and the potential prebiotic effects of natural polysaccharides, the important values of polysaccharides in TCMs decoctions have been gradually emerged. Based on the representative findings of our own research and the literatures, the potential prebiotics function of TCMs polysaccharides were reviewed regarding its related effects on host physiological and pathological processes of metabolic function, bowel function, immunity, inflammation, emotion and tumor, on the metabolism and absorption of coexisting small molecule components, as well as the structure-function features, so that the meanings of polysaccharides in TCMs decoction were discussed and emphasized, and hopefully to provide enlightenment for the premise of attaching importance to the existence of polysaccharide components in the process of innovative drug research and development based on classical and clinical TCMs prescriptions.

Advances in formation and application of self-assembled nanoparticles from traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Due to the diverse sources and unique structures, the chemical components of Chinese medicinal materials are easy to self-assemble to form nanoparticles. The formation of self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN) can not only affect the absorption and distribution of the effective ingredients in Chinese medicinal materials but also may improve the biological activity of the effective ingredients or their simple mixtures, which is of great significance for revealing the compatibility mechanism of Chinese medicine prescription, developing new Chinese medicine products, and producing new nanomaterials. This paper reviews the formation, isolation, characterization, and application of SAN of Chinese medicines, and discusses the problems and development trends of the relevant research, which can provide reference for the further study and promote the innovation and application of such SAN.

Effect of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction on release and absorption of main components of Baishao / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(SGD-SAN) on the encapsulation, in vitro release and intestinal absorption of the main components of Baishao. Particle size analysis and morphological observation were used to verify the formation of SGD-SAN in the decoction. The entrapment efficiency(EE) of SGD-SAN on the main components of Baishao was determined by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The dialysis bag method was used to study the in vitro release of the main components of Baishao with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution as the release media. Single-pass intestinal perfusion study was performed to investigate the effect of SGD-SAN on the absorption of the main components of Baishao. The results showed that there were nanoparticles in the SGD, and the particle sizes and PDI of SGD-SAN were about 200 nm and 0.38, respectively. SGD-SAN was irregularly spherical under transmission electron microscope(TEM). The EEs of albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin in SGD-SAN were 33.78%±1.03%,33.61%±0.90%,88.53%±0.58%, respectively. The release characteristics of albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin from SGD-SAN showed a slow-release effect on pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution media. SGD-SAN could significantly enhance the absorption of albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin in the ileum. The results of this study indicated that SAN could be formed during the mixed decoction of Baishao and Gancao, and SGD-SAN could encapsulate the components of Baishao, with a certain slow-release effect, and the formation of SAN facilitated the absorption of drugs in the ileum.

Effect on Treatment of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Zhuyu Zhixuetang to Chronic Endometritis with Syndrome of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss clinical effect of Zhuyu Zhixuetang to chronic endometritis （CE） with syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis and to study improvement effect to pregnancy outcome. Method:One hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups， patients in control group were 72 cases and in observation group were 72 cases. In control group， 66 patients completed the therapy because of 4 falling off or missing visit and 2 eliminated， and in observation group， 65 patients completed the therapy because of 3 falling off or missing visit and 5 eliminated. In two groups. anti-infection treatment was gicen to patients. Patients in control group got Fuke Qianjin Pian， 6 tablets/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group got Zhuyu Zhixuetang， 1 dose/day. The treatment was continued for 3 months and the follow up was recorded for 6 months. Before and after treatment， changes of menstrual volume， period and cycle were recorded. And hysteroscopy and color Doppler ultrasound of vagina were made， and endometrial morphology and endometrial receptivity were evaluated ［endometrial thickness， resistance index （RI）， pulsation index （PI） and blood flow index （FI）］ were evaluated， and pathology of endometrial were tested. And scores of syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis were graded， levels of interleukin-1 <italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic> β</italic>）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and T-lymphoid subsets （CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺） in peripheral blood were measured. Pregnancy and miscarriage were recorded and the safety was evaluated. Result:After treatment， menstrual volume， menstrual period， cycle and complete normal rate of menstruation in observation group were all higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Endometrial thickness and FI were more than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， RI and PI were lower than RI and PI in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And compared with control group， levels of IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6， TNF-<italic>α</italic> and CD8⁺were less （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And levels of CD3⁺， CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/ CD8⁺ were higher than the data in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. During 6 months follow-up， pregnancy rate in observation group was 46.97% （31/66） was higher than 27.69% （18/65） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=5.197， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Total effective rate of endometrial morphology was 96.97% （64/66） higher than 86.15% （56/65） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.981， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Total effective rate endometrial pathology was 95.45% （63/66） higher than 84.62% （55/65） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.304， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Total effective rate of comprehensive clinical effect was 93.94% （62/66） higher than 81.54% （55/65） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.696， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no adverse reactions related to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:Zhuyu Zhixuetang can regulate menstruation， relieve clinical symptoms， improve endometrial morphology under hysteroscopy， regulate systemic and local immune inflammatory response， improve CP， thus improve pregnancy outcome， with better comprehensive effect and safety.

Intra-operative cell salvage for cesarean delivery: a retrospective study using propensity score matched analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Obstetric hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal death during cesarean delivery. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-operative cell salvage (IOCS) in cesarean section.@*METHODS@#We included a total of 361 patients diagnosed with central placenta previa who underwent cesarean section from May 2016 to December 2018. In this study, 196 patients received autologous transfusion using IOCS (IOCS group) and 165 patients accepted allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT group). Propensity score matched analysis was performed to balance differences in the baseline variables between the IOCS group and ABT group. Patients in the IOCS group were matched 1:1 to patients in the ABT group.@*RESULTS@#After propensity score matching, 137 pairs of cases between the two groups were successfully matched and no significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between the IOCS group and ABT group. Patients in the IOCS group were associated with significantly shorter length of hospital stay, compared with ABT group (8.9 ± 4.1 days vs. 10.3 ± 5.2 days, t = -2.506, P = 0.013). The postoperative length of hospital stay was 5.3 ± 1.4 days for patients in the IOCS group and 6.6 ± 3.6 days for those in the ABT group (t = -4.056, P < 0.001). The post-operative hemoglobin level in the IOCS group and ABT group was 101.3 ± 15.4 and 96.3 ± 16.6 g/L, respectively, which were significantly different (t = 2.615, P = 0.009). Allogeneic red blood cell transfusion was significantly lower at 0 unit (range: 0-11.5 units) in the IOCS group when compared with 2 units (range: 1-20 units) in the ABT group (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This retrospective observational study using propensity score matched analysis suggested that IOCS was associated with shorter length of postoperative hospital stay and higher post-operative hemoglobin levels during cesarean delivery.

Analysis of prognosis and influencing factors of 1737 cases of pediatric burns in a hospital of Anhui from 2013 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the prognosis of pediatric burns and its influencing factors. Methods Clinical data of 1 737 children with burns from January 2013 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University was analyzed by retrospective method. The demographic, clinical features, and related factors affecting prognosis . Results Log-binominal regression model showed that the care rate was higher in children aged 1- and 3- compared with children aged 7-12 (all P<0.05); Boiling water burns had a higher care rate than electric shock and flame burns (including chemical burn) (all P<0.05); Moderate and severe burns had a higher care rate than heavy severe burns (all P<0.05); The unhealed rate of pediatric burns in summer was higher than burned in winter (RR=0.861,95% CI:0.690-1.074); Children without complications had a higher care rate (P<0.05); Children lived in rural areas have a higher unhealed rate than lived in urban areas (RR=0.713，95% CI:0.618-0.824). Conclusions The care rate of pediatric burns was 51.1%. Major influencing factors included children aged 7-12, burned by electric and flame (including chemical burns), burned severe extraordinarily, burned in summer, and with complications, lived in rural.

Expression and cellular function of long non－coding ＲNA SFTA1P in non－small cell lung cancer / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To investigate the expression of long non－coding ＲNA SFTA1P in non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and its biological function in NSCLC cell lines． Methods Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction( qＲT－PCＲ) was used to detect the expression of SFTA1P in 18 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues． The expression of SFTA1P was detected by qＲT－PCＲ in five different NSCLC cell lines ( A549，SPCA1，H460，H1975 and H1299) and one normal lung epithelial cell line ( HBE) ． The overexpression vector of SFTA1P was designed and constructed． The overex- pressed cell line was constructed by transfection，the effects of overexpression of SFTA1P on proliferation， invasion and migration of NSCLC cells were detected by CCK－8 assay and transwell assay． Ｒesults The expression of SFTA1P in NSCLC tissues was lower than that of adjacent normal tissues ( t = 2. 158，P = 0. 043) ． SFTA1P expression was detected in 5 strains of NSCLC cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell line． The expression of SFTA1P was the lowest in A549 and H460 cell lines ( t = 5. 769，P = 0. 004; t = 5. 772，P= 0. 004) ，and the highest in H1299 and H1975 cell lines ( t = 22. 248，P＜0. 001; t = 11. 814，P ＜0. 001) ． SFTA1P overexpression cell models were successfully constructed using A549 and H460 cell lines( all P＜0．05) ． The overexpression of SFTA1P could inhibit proliferation，invasion and migration of H460 and A549 cells ( ( all P ＜ 0． 05) ． Conclusions SFTA1P can affect the biological functions of NSCLC cells by inhibiting the proliferation，migration and invasion． SFTA1P may play a role as a tumor suppressor gene in tumorigenesis and development．

Preparation and in vitro anti-hepatic fibrosis evaluation of herpetone nanosuspensions / 中国中药杂志

Herpetone( HPT) is a bioactive lignan extracted from Herpetospermum pedunculosum,which can protect liver,lower aminotransferase and inhibit hepatitis B virus. However,HPT has a poor oral bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. And there is no report about whether HPT has an anti-hepatic fibrosis activity. To improve the dissolution of HPT and study its anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and mechanism,the study group prepared herpetone nanosuspensions( HPT-NS) by the miniaturized media milling method. The formulation and process of HPT-NS were optimized by the single factor experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe morphology of HPT-NS. Dialysis method was used to study dissolution of HPT-NS in vitro. CCK8 method was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on proliferation of the rat hepatic stellate cells( HSC-T6). Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on apoptosis and cell cycle of HSC-T6. The mean particle size of optimized HPT-NS was( 196±7) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.279±0.009.SEM showed that HPT-NS was in a regular rod shape. The cumulative dissolution rate of HPT-NS reached 93% in 18 h,and was higher than that of herpetone coarse suspensions( HPT-CS,28%). CCK8 experiment showed that the inhibition rate of HPT-NS on HSC-T6 was higher than that of HPT-CS. Flow cytometry showed that HPT-NS could block HSC-T6 cells in G2/M phase and induce apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells,with a significantly stronger effect than HPT-CS. The results revealed that HPT-NS significantly increased the in vitro dissolution of HPT,and enhanced the inhibitive effect on HSC-T6 cell proliferation by blocking cells in the G2/M phase and inducing late apoptosis.

Study on preparation of volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii self-nanoemulsion dropping pills and its protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury / 中国中药杂志

In this study, solid dispersion technology was used to develop volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii self-nanoemulsion dropping pills(VOA-SNEDDS-DP) and its protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury was evaluated. Taking exterior quality, weight variation and the resolving time as comprehendsive evaluation indexes, the preparation process and formulation of the dropping pills were optimized by orthogonal design, and the dissolution rate in vitro of the optimized VOA-SNEDDS-DP was investigated. The rat model of acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride and the serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), creatine kinase(CK) and pathological changes of myocardial tissue were determined to evaluate therapeutic effect of the dropping pills on acute myocardial ischemia. The results showed that the optimal formulation and preparation process of VOA-SNEDDS-DP were as follows: PEG6000-PEG8000 was 1∶1, proportion of VOA-SNEDDS and matrix was l∶2.5, the temperature of drug fluids was 75 ℃, drop rate was 35 drops/min, drop distance was 5 cm, the condensing agent temperature was 2-10 ℃. The content of β-asarone in the dropping pills was 42.46 mg·g~(-1). The accumulated dissolution rate of the dropping pills reached 93.85% in 10 min. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that VOA-SNEDDS-DP could significantly increase the SOD content(P<0.05), reduce the levels of MDA and CK(P<0.05) in serum, and effectively improve the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue. These results revealed that the preparation of VOA-SNEDDS-DP by solid dispersion technology was stable and feasible, and VOA-SNEDDS-DP had protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury.

Analysis of Clinical Pathological Features and Prognosis in Young Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical pathological features of the patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#The prognosis of the clinical pathological features and their influence on prognosis of 177 patients diagnosed as DLBCL at the first visit from January 2013 to May 2017 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#The univariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were associated with later Ann Arbor stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) ( P＜0.01, P＜0.05), high performance status (ECOG score 2-4) (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), extranodal involvement ＞1 (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), elevated LDH level (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). B symptom (P＜0.05) and elevated β2-MG level (P＜0.05) also influenced OS. COX multivariate analysis showed that the elevated β2-MG level (P＜0.05) and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) have an independent influence on OS, later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) also independently influenced PFS. The patients with high aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment had poor OS (P＜0.01, P＜0.01) and PFS (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Elevated β2-MG level can independently influence OS, and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) can independently influence both OS and PFS. High aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment have an inferior influence on OS and PFS.

Research progress on and behaviors of poorly soluble Chinese materia medica nanosuspension / 中国中药杂志

Nanosuspension (also called nanocrystal suspension or nanocrystal) could significantly enhance the saturated solubility and dissolution of insoluble drugs, and improve their bioavailability by reducing particle size and increasing the specific surface, which could then solve the delivery problems of the poorly soluble active ingredients and effective parts of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Based on the brief summaries of nanosuspension preparation methods, this paper would mainly review the and behaviors of poorly soluble CMM nanosuspension, discuss and analyze its problems, so as to provide reference and thinking for the further study of nanosuspension drug delivery system of poorly soluble CMM and promote the development and perfection of nanosuspension technology in CMM.

Preparation and quality evaluation of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma self-nanoemulsion / 中国中药杂志

In order to increase the solubility of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, this study was to prepare self-nanoemulsion of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma . The prescriptions were preliminarily screened by miscibility studies, excipient compatibility tests, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and then the optimal formulation was obtained by using the Box-Behnken response surface method, with particle size and drug-loading rate as the indicators. The self-nanoemulsion prepared by optimal prescription was characterized and evaluated for dissolution. The results showed that the optimal prescription for this volatile oil self-nanoemulsion was as follows: 41.7% volatile oil, 46.8% Tween-80, and 11.5% PEG-400. The prepared self-nanoemulsion was clear and transparent, with drug-loading of (192.77±1.64) mg·g⁻¹, particle diameter of (53.20±0.94) nm, polydispersity index of 0.230± 0.013, and Zeta potential of (-12.2±0.7) mV. The dissolution of self-nanoemulsion was higher than that of volatile oil. In this research, volatile oil served as the oil phase in self-nanoemulsion, so the prescription was simpler and the drug loading rate was higher. The prepared self-nanoemulsion complied with the relevant quality requirements, providing a reference for the preparation of volatile oil formulations.

Preparation of astilbin amorphous nanosuspension and its evaluation / 中国中药杂志

Astilbil nanosuspension (AT-NS) was prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method. The formula and process of AT-NS were optimized by the single factor experiment. AT-NS was prepared under the optimal conditions, and its morphology and crystallinity were characterized. In vitro release of AT-NS was also determined. The particle size of AT-NS stabilized by PVP K30 was (149±3) nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) and stability index (SI) were 0.137±0.014 and 0.940±0.012, respectively. The results of SEM showed that AT-NS was spherical. Both XRD and DSC showed that AT was amorphous in nanosuspension. In the release test, AT-NS showed a significantly increased dissolution. This simple low-cost approach could prepare AT-NS successfully. AT-NS could significantly improve the dissolution of AT and provide the reference to break the limitation on the clinical application of AT.

Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of PTLD after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics of patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to improve the understanding and diagnosis of PTLD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 244 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the General Hospital of PLA from May 2014 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up time was up to November 30, 2017. The incidence, risk factors, treatment and survival of patients with PTLD were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 244 cases the PTLD occurred in 22 cases, the incidence rate was 9.02%, 5 of them were diagnosed by pathology, and 17 were diagnosed clinically. All of them had EB virus infection. They were all ATG user, either underwent related haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 20 cases were treated with rituximab or rituximab combined with γ-globulin, glucocorticoid, ERV+CTL, chemotherapy and 17 showed the effective response, with a total effective rate of 85%. The median follow-up time was 122 days, the median survival time was 5 months (1-22 months) and the total survival rate was 50%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of PTLD after allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation closely relates with EB virus infection. The application of ATG in the preconditioning scheme is a high risk factor for the onset of PTLD. In the case of no pathological diagnosis, clinical and laboratory examinations should be actively combined so as to define clinical diagnosis. The riturimab should be used more and more for patients with PTLD.</p>

A novel mutation in the ETFDH gene of an infant with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency / 中国当代儿科杂志

This article reports the results of tandem mass spectrometry and the mutation features of the ETFDH gene for an infant with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. The results of tandem mass spectrometry showed that C14 : 1, C8, C6, C10, and C12 increased. Exon sequencing was performed on this infant and his parents and revealed double heterozygous mutations in the ETFDH gene of the infant: c.992A>T and c.1450T>C. The former was inherited from his mother, and the latter was inherited from his father. c.1450T>C was shown to be the pathogenic mutation in the HGMD database. PolyPhen2, SIFT, and PROVEAN all predicted that the novel mutation c.992A>T might be pathogenic, and the mutant amino acids were highly conserved across various species. The findings expand the mutation spectrum of the ETFDH gene, and provide molecular evidence for the etiological diagnosis of the patient with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency as well as for the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in the family.

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills (GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum (HL) composed of herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) into nanosuspension (HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles (HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC, C and decrease in T when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills (GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum (HL) composed of herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) into nanosuspension (HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles (HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC, C and decrease in T when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.