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Objective To measure the body surface dose under different confinations of additional filters,tube voltage and tube current and discuss the lowest amount of different additional filters,tube voltage and tube current combination for crib side X-ray radiation dose while the quality of the image is guaranteed.Methods Japan Shimadzu wireless tablet mobile DR machine and Dutch Artinis CDRAD 2.0 phantom were used.The tube voltage and tube current for children's crib side X-ray normal work were 50 kV and 1.40 mAs to get the image quality figure inverse (IQFInv),respectively.Totally four filter combinations of 1 mm A1,2 mm A1,1+2 mm A1 and 0.3 mm Cu were added to the opening of collimator system by mobile DR machine.Phantom was shot by respectively combination of 50,66,83 and 100 kV tube voltages and different tube currents.All images to get the IQFInv value,Pearson correlation and regression analysis of the influence of tube voltage and current on IQFInv value were analyzed.The IQFInv value of the additional filter corresponds to the image quality of normal work.The combination of the additional filter with the tube voltage and the tube current was also found.Swedish RTI Barracuda diagnostic level dosimeter was used to measure the entrance surface dose of these combinations after filtration,20 times for each group.Results Comparisons among different filters,tube voltage and tube current combination with quality of daily work images:the tube voltage was positively correlated with IQFInv value in the test range(r=0.49,P＜0.05),and tube current was positively correlated with IQFInv value (r=0.36,P＜0.05).As the additional filters increase,it required greater tube current to acquire the desired value of images.Meanwhile,greater additional filters would increase the difference of IQFInv of tube voltage at each level.Comparisons among different filters,tube voltage and tube current combination with daily shooting dose,and after using additional filters,entrance surface dose changed from (30.58±0.21)to (10.49±0.09) μGy.There is a significant difference between each group (t=-15.306-514.585,P＜0.05).All additional filters effectively reduced entrance surface dose.Meanwhile,as the filter and tube voltage increased,entrance surface dose showed a more significant reduction.However,when the tube voltage exceeded 83 kV,all entrance surface dose of additional filters showed an increasing trend.Conclusions Additional filter is an effective method to reduce the crib side X-ray entrance surface dose.Under the premise of ensuring image quality,additional filter with high atomic number and second high kilovolt tube voltage with paired tube current is the best condition for crib side X-ray.
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Aim To investigate the effects of isoliquiri-tigenin(ISL)on C6 glioma cell proliferation and differ-entiation.Methods C6 glioma cells’viability and proliferation were respectively measured by SRB test. Colony formation of C6 glioma cells from different groups was assayed.After culturing the cells from each group,giemsa staining was used to observe cell mor-phology.RT-PCR was applied to detect mRNA expres-sion of GFAP.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of GFAP.Results ISL effectively inhibited the viability of C6 glioma cells when compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01).The morphological observation under light mi-croscope showed that:in the control group,most of the undifferentiated C6 cells showed long fusiform and po-lygonal shape.Compared to the control group,the C6 cells treated with ISL revealed alteration in morphology such as astrocytes with smaller smooth,round body and much finer longer,tapering processes.The cloning for-mation rate detection revealed that:the colonies in the control group semerged earlier and were larger than those experimental ones,the cloning formation rate was higher,while almost no effective cells colony emerged in ISL treated groups(P <0.01 ).Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that GFAP expression in the ex-perimental groups increased(P <0.01).Conclusion ISL may inhibit the proliferation of C6 glioma cells and induce their differentiation.
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Objective To study the moderate hypothermia with iced saline given intravenously with ice cap and ice sheet used in patients with severe stroke or craniocerebral trauma in order to clarify its clinical therapeutic effect and recovery of neurologic function for providing reliable clinical data.Methods A total of 84 patients suffered severe stroke (cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction) or traumatic brain injury with GCS (Glascow Coma Scale) ＜8 admitted within 24 hours after onset were enrolled for study.The exclusion criteria were functional decompemsation of heart,liver,kidney and lung as cardiovascular complications of hypertension,hematological and other diseases,and craniocerebral trauma with multiple injuries of thorax,abdomen and extremities.Patients were divided into observation group and control group (n =42 in each group).The patients of two groups were managed to maintain respiratory tract patent,prevention of infection,dehydration,reduction of intracranial pressure and treated with Cytidine Diphosphate Choline,piracetam,ganglioside sodium and other conventional therapy.In control group,patients treated with ice cap and ice sheet,whereas in observation group,patients were treated with iced saline injected intravenously in addition to ice cap and sheet.At admission,the GCS score of patients was assessed and 6 months later,GCS score and Glascow Outcome Scale,(GOS) score of patients were determined,and 12 months after the treatment,quality of life score were evaluated by KPS.Results The time from onset of stroke or from trauma accident occurred to initiation of hypothermia treatment and time from initiation of hypothermia therapy to the target temperature reached in observation group were (8 ±4) hours and (3± 1 )hours respectively,and in control group,they were ( 16± 5) hours and (6 ± 2) hours,and there were significant differences between two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean GCS score of patients at 6 months in the observation group and in the control group were (7.01 ± 1.12) and (4.02 ± 1.11 ) respectively (P ＜0.05 ) ; whereas the GOS score at 6 mouths of patients was categorized into good outcome,disabled outcome and poor outcome,and the good outcome in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ),and no statistically significant difference in disabled outcome was found between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and the poor outcome of GOS score was significantly lower in observation group than that in control group ( P ＜0.05 ).Twelve months after the treatment,the long-term quality of patients'life assessed by KPS score in observation group was significantly better than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The moderate hypothermia therapy by using iced saline administered intravenously combined with ice cap and ice sheet for severe stroke and head trauma patients conferred better therapeutic effects than the treatment with ice cap and ice sheet.