Denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and its mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal / 生物工程学报

Water eutrophication poses great threats to protection of water environment. Microbial remediation of water eutrophication has shown high efficiency, low consumption and no secondary pollution, thus becoming an important approach for ecological remediation. In recent years, researches on denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and their application in wastewater treatment processes have received increasing attention. Different from the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus removal process conducted by denitrifying bacteria and phosphate accumulating organisms, the denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms can simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus under alternated anaerobic and anoxic/aerobic conditions. It is worth noting that microorganisms capable of simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphorus absolutely under aerobic conditions have been reported in recent years, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the species and characteristics of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and the microorganisms capable of performing simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and phosphorous removal. Moreover, this review analyzes the relationship between nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal and the underlying mechanisms, discusses the challenges of denitrifying phosphorus removal, and prospects future research directions, with the aim to facilitate process improvement of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms.

A case control study of distance change of bilateral internal carotid artery in acromegaly / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the distance change of bilateral internal carotid artery in acromegalic patients. Methods Twenty patients with acromegaly were included in this study from August 2016 to March 2018 in Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. There were 7 males and 13 females with an average age of 40.2±12.6 years (range from 21 to 62 years old). Forty sex and age matched patients with non-functional pituitary adenoma were selected as controls. The 3D printing software was used for reconstructing the internal carotid artery. Distances of the bilateral internal carotid arteries were measured on the reconstructed images. Results The maximum distance between bilateral siphon carotid ectasias (25.1±3.9 mm vs. 23.2±2.9 mm, P=0.041) and distance between bilateral lacerum segments (26.2 ±3.1 mm vs. 23.8 ±4.1 mm, P=0.022) were significantly longer in patients with acromegaly than in those without. Although the distance between bilateral cavernous segments (20.7 ±4.3 mm vs. 22.4 ±3.1 mm, P=0.076) tended to be shorter, the difference was not statistically significant. The distance between bilateral ophthalmic segments was not significantly different between the two groups (15.7±5.1 mm vs. 16.0±2.5 mm, P=0.783). Conclusion The distance of bilateral internal carotid artery of acromegalic patients is different from that of patients with non-functional pituitary adenomas. Patients with acromegaly have significantly longer distance between bilateral siphon carotid ectasias and distance between bilateral lacerum segments compared with the patients with non- functional pituitary adenomas.

Construction and application of 3D printing model of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgical training / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective The aim of our study was to establish an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgical training model, and to examine its application value. Methods The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgical training models were made.After assessments,the models was used for endoscopic operation training for 8 neurosurgeons with no experiences of endoscopic operation. Results The available operating space of this model is similar to the actual operating space in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. The egg fixed on the model has many layers of structure, such as eggshell, shell membrane, egg white and egg yolk, which constituted a good practice object. All students indicated that they could benefit from the training using this model. The skill in grinding the eggshell [(1.07 ± 0.221)cm2/min vs.(1.45±0.27)cm2/min, P<0.001]was significantly improved and the chance for shell membrane rupture (8 vs. 2, P=0.007) was significantly reduced in the last-time practice compared with the first-time practice (P<0.001). Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgical training model is helpful for neurosurgeons to practice the basic operation of endoscopic surgery and to improve their surgical skills,and can be used repeatedly.It can be used in basic operation training before the training using cadaver cranium.

Analysis of related factors influencing the main extended direction of pituitary macroadenoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the related influence factors of the main extended direction of the pituitary macroadenoma in the vertical direction.Methods Clinical data of 184 pituitary macroadenoma patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The main extended direction in the vertical direction of the tumor was taken as the dependent variables.Patients were divided into two groups according to the suprasellar extension value of each tumor,(ie:suprasellar extension value＞0 and suprasellar extension value≤0).10 selected indicators (age,sex,tumor type,diameter of diaphragmatic opening,sphenoid sinus type,sella type morphology,main sphenoid sinus septum bias,maximum width of sphenoid sinus septum,tumor cyst,number of longitudinal sphenoid sinus septum) were taken as independent variables and the factors which may influence the main extended direction were analyzed and selected by logistic regression method.Results Among the 184 patients,there were 121 cases extending mainly to the suprasellar direction,while the left cases extending mainly to the opposite direction.Statistical analysis showed the tumor type (P=0.026),sphenoid sinus type (P=0.003),sella type morphology (P=0.046),diameter of diaphragmatic opening (P=0.003) and maximum width of the sphenoid sinus septum (P=0.009) were the independent predictors influencing the main expansion direction of pituitary macroadenomas in the vertical direction.Conclusions The pituitary macroadenoma is more likely to expand infrasellar in patients with sellar or sellaoccipital sphenoid sinus,sac sella turcica morphology,GH adenoma,smaller diaphragmatic opening diameter and narrower width of sphenoid sinus septum.The pituitary macroadenoma is more likely to expand suprasellar in patients with presellar sphenoid sinus,wok and cylinder sella turcica morphology,nonGH adenoma,larger diaphragmatic opening diameter and wider width of sphenoid sinus septum.