Risk factors for a five-year death in the interASIA-south cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality rate and risk factors for death in a selected population in Songkhla province in southern Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The southern subjects were part of the Thai cohort which together with the cohort from China comprised the InterASIA survey which was conducted in the year 2000. Collected variables were the conventional ones and included the 2 ethnic groups which are specific for southern Thailand, i.e. Malay Muslims and Thai-Chinese Buddhists. Causes of death were determined by reviewing hospital records, verbal autopsies and a consensus by 2-3 physicians. Kaplan Meier's model was used to evaluate the independent factors related to death. RESULTS: The follow-up was 5 years. Out of the original 1,006 subjects, the status could be examined in 86% and of these, 50 had died giving the Kaplan Meier 5-year survival rate of 94.3%. Sixteen died from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 6 from strokes and 10 from coronary heart disease, and 15 died from cancer. Half of the deaths occurred in subjects older than 70 years. Independent risks for death were age, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Risk for the major causes of death did not include ethnicity. Similar to the only existing prospective report of risk factors for death in Thailand (the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand study), neither high total cholesterol, high triglyceride nor obesity were independent risks for death from CVD, but the present study differed in that the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was not found to be a protective factor for CVD death. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for death in a five-year follow-up in Southern Thailand did not include lipids, ethnicity or urbanization but hypertension and diabetes mellitus did.

Socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with Aedes breeding places in Phuket, Thailand.

This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic and environmental factors influencing potential breeding sites of the dengue vector in Phuket Province. Three hundred houses were recruited by cluster random sampling for larval inspection. Of all the types of water containers, a high proportion of tires and discarded items were infested by Aedes larva (42% and 32%, respectively). Due to the abundance of water tanks, jars for using water and discarded containers (1.7, 2.1, 0.8 per house), these were the main breeding sites (0.29, 0.35, and 0.28 infested containers per house, respectively). Buddhists' houses were significantly more likely to have a larvae-infested flower vase than Muslims' houses. Townhouses had relatively few infested containers, while those on rubber plantations had 18.3 times higher odds of having at least one container with larva. No window screens increased the odds of larva infestation in the discarded containers by 4.2 times. With this information and given a reliable piped water supply, the number of water containers can be reduced to minimize the breeding places. Garbage should be properly disposed of. Screens should be installed, if possible. Buddhists should be advised on the proper protection of flower vases.