Juhns' Anatomical Schwa for Learning Second Languages

Every word has its proper schwa which is produced through the mouth by the appropriately posed or positioned chin, tongue, and neck. This proper unaccentuated vowel or syllable for the certain languages is named as Juhn's anatomical schwa. In learning 2nd languages it can be very useful and much linguistic to teach how to voice the proper schwa. In linguistics the proper schwa has been expressed by International phonetic alphabet or phonography for a long time but Juhn's anatomical schwa is defined that the unaccentuated vowel or syllable is produced by the appropriately posed or positioned chin, tongue, and neck. After birth the child grows and develops the skull to the end and the baby teeth are lost to develop the permanent teeth and the jaw joints are to be firm gradually before the age of 7. For the 7 years the child learns the mother tongue so that his facial appearance becomes alike to his tribe who speaks the same language. The chewing and swallowing is alike with each other. The jaw joints become also firm to speak mother tongue easily. Thereafter the child can voice other language schwa not enough to speak it spontaneously. This is the first idea of the Juhn's locked chin. So we can postulate that the locked chin is made to be the jaw joints as soft as those the children under the age of 7 have for L2. This is the Juhn's unlocking rule and the solution for the Juhn's locked chin. Then we can move our chin and tongue to the next step producing the schwa for the second language.

A Retrospective Clinical Epidemiological Study of the Health Care Utilization of the Outpatients in the Dermatologic Field after 1 year's Separation of Dispensary from Medical Practice / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Despite 2 years' separation of dispensary from medical practice since year of 2000, many outpatients in Korea have a lack of understanding this separation. In addition, the illegal practices of pharmacists such as medical examination have contributed to the recent problematic situation. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to evaluate the actual situation of the separation of dispensary from medical practice in the dermatologic field. METHODS: The clinico-epidemiologic analysis of 17 months' data of 18, 230 outpatients was conducted through the available medical records and serial questionnaires. RESULTS: The medical or non-medical institutions that 18, 230 outpatients with skin diseases had chosen at first, were as follows by the order of frequency; pharmacy(78.5%), folk remedies or self-medication(9.8%), dermatologic institutions(5.5%), non-dermatologic medical clinics(3.4%), herb clinics(2.8%). Accordingly, most(94.5%, 17, 223) of the new patients did not select a dermatologic institution for the care of their skin diseases. The patterns of health care utilization of the patients mostly(72.9%) showed a fixed tendency to visit the one particular institution or formula continuously prior to final visit to the research hospitals. Most of the patients(62.8%) firstly visited a pharmacy for their disease care and did not revisit another institution. Since the first visit to a pharmacy, 9.6% of the patients repetitively utilized one or more herb clinic(s) or folk remedies in addition to one or more medical institution(s). The patients utilizing non-dermatologic measures for skin disease care at first, were mostly in their fifties(25.3%). The patients seeking herb medicine or non-dermatologic medical clinics, were in their teens(27.3% and 24.3%, respectively). Of the cases misdiagnosed as another disease or aggravated in the patients choosing non-dermatologic care, fungal infections are most common(24.0%). In front of 97.1% of the patients seeking pharmacy at first, the pharmacists practiced medicine like a physician in a wrong way instead of dispensing a prescription. CONCLUSION: In Korea, the majority of dermatologic clinics has been deprived of a position as an institution for primary care of skin diseases. It is imperative that dermatologists should be granted independent and unconstrained authority in the medical profession for the benefit of their patients.