Clinical application of non-invasive prenatal testing for twin pregnancies / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the screening of fetal chromosome aneuploidies in twin pregnancies.@*METHODS@#A total of 2 745 women with twin-pregnancies were subjected for NIPT screening. Chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were carried out on amniotic fluid samples from those with a high risk for fetal chromosome aneuploidies, and the diagnosis and pregnancy outcome were followed up. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and false positive rate of the NIPT were calculated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with other chromosomal abnormalities, NIPT had a higher efficacy for trisomy 21 and sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA) in twin pregnancies (with sensitivity being 100%, 100%, and specificity being 99.93%, 99.9%, respectively). It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy for trisomies 18 and 13 due to the limited data. For chromosome microdeletions and microduplications spanning 15 ~ 21 Mb, NIPT also had a certain detection rate. Compared with women with natural conception, NIPT had a higher detection rate for those with twin pregnancies by assisted reproduction (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#It is feasible to use NIPT for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies in women with twin pregnancies.

Analysis of cerebral gray matter structure in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica / 解剖学报

Objective The volume and cortical thickness of gray matter in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) were compared and analyzed by voxel⁃based morphometry (VBM) and surface⁃based morphometry (SBM), and the differences in the structural changes of gray matter in the two diseases were discussed. Methods A total of 21 MS patients, 16 NMO patients and 19 healthy controls were scanned by routine MRI sequence. The data were processed and analyzed by VBM and SBM method based on the statistical parameter tool SPM12 of Matlab2014a platform and the small tool CAT12 under SPM12. Results Compared with the normal control group (NC), after Gaussian random field (GRF) correction, the gray matter volume in MS group was significantly reduced in left superior occipital, left cuneus, left calcarine, left precuneus, left postcentral, left central paracentral lobule, right cuneus, left middle frontal, left superior frontal and left superior medial frontal (P<0. 05). After family wise error (FWE) correction, the thickness of left paracentral, left superiorfrontal and left precuneus cortex in MS group was significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Compared with the NC group, after GRF correction, the gray matter volume in the left postcentral, left precentral, left inferior parietal, right precentral and right middle frontal in NMO group was significantly increased (P<0. 05). In NMO group, the volume of gray matter in left middle occipital, left superior occipital, left inferior temporal, right middle occipital, left superior frontal orbital, right middle cingulum, left anterior cingulum, right angular and left precuneus were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Brain regions showed no significant differences in cortical thickness between NMO groups after FWE correction. Compared with the NMO group, after GRF correction, the gray matter volume in the right fusiform and right middle frontal in MS group was increased significantly(P<0. 05). In MS group, the gray matter volume of left thalamus, left pallidum, left precentral, left middle frontal, left middle temporal, right pallidum, left inferior parietal and right superior parietal were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). After FWE correction, the thickness of left inferiorparietal, left superiorparietal, left supramarginal, left paracentral, left superiorfrontal and left precuneus cortex in MS group decreased significantly (P<0. 05). Conclusion The atrophy of brain gray matter structure in MS patients mainly involves the left parietal region, while NMO patients are not sensitive to the change of brain gray matter structure. The significant difference in brain gray matter volume between MS patients and NMO patients is mainly located in the deep cerebral nucleus mass.

Preference of nursing staff on providing " Internet + nursing service" for elderly patients / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To find the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing service" for elderly patients.Methods:By means of the discrete choice experiment, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing services" for elderly patients. In-service nursing staff from 8 medical and health institutions in Ningbo city and Wenzhou city were selected by random sampling, for an online questionnaire survey conducted from May to June 2022. The preferences of nursing staff on their service income, service content, service distance, service continuity and residence status of elderly patients when providing " Internet + nursing service" were analyzed by mixed logit regression.Results:A total of 420 valid questionnaires were collected. Compared to 50 yuan/order, nursing staff preferred to a price of 150 yuan/order ( β= 1.22, P<0.001) nursing services; Compared to specialized nursing services, nursing staff preferred to the routine care ( β= 0.86, P<0.001) and health promotion ( β= 0.86, P<0.05) service; Compared to<5 km, nursing staff were unwilling to provide nursing services for elderly patients at distances of 5-10 km and 11-15 km ( β=-0.66, P<0.05; β=-0.95, P<0.001) ; Compared to 1-2 visits per month, nursing staff preferred not to provide continuing care services ( β=-0.70, P<0.05); Compared to homestay with the patient family, nursing staff preferred to provide nursing services for elderly patients residing in nursing homes ( β= 1.21, P<0.001) . Conclusions:Considering the preference of nursing staff tend to provide " Internet + nursing service" for the elderly patients with services featuring appropriate price, non-specialist care, close distance, low continuity (moderate intensity used as the reference) and security assurance for practice.

Survival rate and short/long-term outcomes of 32 extremely preterm infants born at less than 23 gestational weeks / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the survival rate, complications, and outcomes of 32 periviable extremely preterm infants (PEPIs) born at ≤23 gestational weeks.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study involving PEPIs born at the Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. Clinical data of all subjects were collected and analyzed. The survival rates of PEPIs born from 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021 were compared. Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test was used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) During the study period, 32 PEPIs were admitted, accounting for 0.024% (32/132 534) of all newborns born in the same hospital during the study period. The median gestational age of the 32 PEPIs was 23 weeks (21 +4-23 +6 weeks), and the birth weight was 480 g (350-720 g). (2) The survival rate of PEPIs born between 2020 and 2021 was 10/19, which appears to be a trend higher than that between 2015 and 2019 (3/13, χ2=2.79, P=0.095), while the rate of withdrawal of treatment was 8/13 and 3/19, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.16, P=0.007). (3) Thirteen of the 32 PEPIs survived on discharge, including four born at 22 weeks and nine at 23 weeks. The birth weights of these surviving infants were 300-<400 g in one case, 400-<500 g in five cases, 500-<600 g in four cases, 600-<700 g in one case, and ≥700 g in two cases. (4) The most common complication was moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (10/13), followed by retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical intervention (5/13), patent ductus arteriosus requiring ligation (4/13), late-onset sepsis (2/13), necrotizing enterocolitis (stage Ⅱa or above) (2/13) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia (2/13). The median duration of follow-up was ten months (6-69 months), and motor retardation occurred in three infants. Conclusions:The overall survival rate of PEPIs in our hospital is relatively high, with a lower incidence of complications during hospitalization and relatively better outcome. However, further studies are required for the long-term prognosis in this group of infants.

Lifestyle improvement and the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: the China-PAR project / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).@*METHODS@#A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors (LFs) (smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk advancement periods (RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) were also calculated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1 healthy LFs, maintaining 3-4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79) and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years (RAP: -6.31 [-9.92, -2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3-4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0% compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2 to 3-4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.

Relationship between Iron Metabolic Parameters and Platelet Counts in Blood Donors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of iron metabolic parameters with platelet counts in blood donors.@*METHODS@#A total of 400 blood donors who met requirements of apheresis platelet donation were collected, and their hematological parameters were analyzed. The donors were divided into low ferritin group and normal group, the differences of hematological parameters between the two groups were compared, and the correlation of iron metabolic parameters and routine hematology parameters with platelet counts were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Whether male or female, low ferritin group had higher platelet counts than normal group (P < 0.01). Among the iron metabolic parameters, the platelet counts was negatively correlated with serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) (r =-0.162, r =-0.153, r =-0.256), and positively correlated with total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) (r =0.219, r =0.294) in female blood donors. Platelet counts was also negatively correlated with SF, SI and TSAT (r =-0.188, r =-0.148, r =-0.224) and positively correlated with UIBC (r =0.220) in male blood donors. Among the routine hematology parameters, platelet counts was negatively correlated with mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) in female blood donors (r =-0.236, r =-0.267, r =-0.213, r =-0.284). Platelet counts was also negatively correlated with MCH, MCHC and Ret-He in male blood donors (r =-0.184, r =-0.221, r =-0.209).@*CONCLUSION@#In blood donors with low C-reactive protein level, the lower the iron store capacity, the lower the iron utilization, and the platelet counts tends to rise.

Management and prognosis of extremely preterm infants with gestational age ≤25+6 weeks / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the outcomes including major complications and prognosis of extremely preterm infants with gestational age ≤25+6 weeks. Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 233 extremely preterm infants with gestational age ≤25+6 weeks who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology of Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. The clinical data including perinatal factors, treatments, complications, and prognosis were extracted and analyzed. These extremely preterm infants were also grouped according to gestational age and year of admission to further analyze their survival rate, major complications, causes of death, and long-term outcomes. The comparisons between the groups were performed with Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: Among these 233 extremely preterm infants, 134 (57.5%) were males and 99 (42.5%) females. The gestational age was (24.6±0.9) weeks, the birth weight was 710.0 (605.0,784.5) g, and the overall survival rate was 61.8% (144/233). Among the surviving extremely preterm infants, the earliest gestational age was 22+2 weeks and the lowest birth weight was 390 g. There were 17.6% (41/233) of extremely preterm infants had treatment withdrawn and were discharged in line with the will of guardians. Among the rest 192 extremely preterm infants managed with aggressive treatments, 14 (7.3%) died in hospital and 34 (17.7%) had treatment withdrawn later due to severe complications. Of the 192 extremely preterm infants, 144 (75.0%) survived, and the survival rate increased year by year (χ2=26.28, P<0.001) while the mortality decreased year by year (χ2=14.09, P=0.027). Among the survivors, 20.8%(30/144) had no major complications, and the incidence of complications was also negatively related with the gestational age (χ2=7.24, P=0.044), and the length of invasive ventilation was negatively related to the gestational age (χ2=29.14, P<0.001). In the group of less than 23+6 weeks, all extremely preterm infants had one or more major complications. The follow-up were completed in 122 infants and revealed that delayed motor development, language retardation, and hearing and vision impairment accounted for 17.2% (21/122), 8.2% (10/122) and 17.2% (21/122), respectively. Conclusions: Extremely preterm infants with gestational age ≤25+6 weeks are difficult to treat, but the survival rate of infants undergoing aggressive treatments increases year by year. Although the prevalence of major complications is still high, most extremely preterm infants have acceptable prognosis during follow-up.

Comparison of curative effect between Tianji robot assisted screw placement and traditional cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of Tianji orthopedic robot assisted cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fracture.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 41 patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent internal fixation with cannulated screws from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into Tianji robot group and traditional cannulated screw fixation group (traditional operation group). Among them, there were 18 patients in Tianji robot group including 8 males and 10 females with age of (56.00±4.22) years old, Garden typeⅠ (4 cases), type Ⅱ (11 cases), type Ⅲ (2 cases), and type Ⅳ (1 case). There were 23 patients in the traditional operation group, including 10 males and 13 females, aged (54.87±4.81) years old;there were 5 cases of Garden typeⅠ, 14 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ and 1 case of type Ⅳ. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, guide needle placement times, operation costs and other indicators were observed and compared between two groups. Harris score was used to evaluate hip joint function 12 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#The wounds of all patients healed in Grade A without complications. There were significant differences between two groups in terms of operation time, times of intraoperative fluoroscopy, times of guide needle placement, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and operation cost (P<0.05). All 41 patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The fractures of both groups were healed. There was no infection, screw loosening, fracture displacement and femoral head necrosis in Tianji robot group during follow-up;Screw loosening occurred in 2 patients in the traditional operation group during follow-up. At 12 months after operation, Harris hip joint function score of Tianji robot group was higher than that of traditional operation group in daily activity, lameness, joint activity score and total score (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tianji robot assisted nail placement is a better method for the treatment of femoral neck fracture, which improves the surgical efficiency, is more accurate, has higher success rate of one-time nail placement, shorter operation time, less radiation, and has better hip joint function recovery after surgery.

Multi-index analysis of regional brain activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease during resting state / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the spontaneous neural activity in the brain of patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) used 3 indicators of resting state-functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and percentage amplitude fluctuation (PerAF). Methods Totally 36 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 40 healthy volunteers were scanned by fMRI in resting state respectively. ALFF, fALFF and PerAF were used to calculate and compare the changes of brain regions between the two groups. Results Compared with the normal control group, mALFF value in AD group increased significantly in bilateral caudate nucleus, medial frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus, anterior cingulate gyrus, olfactive cortex, left middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus (P<0. 05). mALFF values decreased significantly in the right middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, bilateral calcarine, cuneus, lingual gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, vermis, precuneus and other regions (P<0. 05). In AD group, mfALFF value of right inferior temporal gyrus, anterior cerebellar lobe, fusiform gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus and anterior cingulate gyrus increased significantly (P<0. 05); mfALFF values decreased significantly in bilateral lingual gyrus, left calcarine, cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and vermis (P<0. 05). In AD group, mPerAF value increased significantly in bilateral gyrus rectus, anterior cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, olfactive cortex and insula (P<0. 05); mPerAF values decreased significantly in bilateral calcarine, cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, left fusiform gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The default mode network (DMN) and visual network of AD patients are characterized by abnormal brain activity, with the most significant neural activity in the prefrontal cortex and visual cortex.

Susceptibility weighted imaging of superficial cerebellar veins / 解剖学报

[Abstract] ObjectVisualizing the superficial cerebellar vein and its tributaries on suscepxibility weighted imaging (SWI), and to construct superficial cerebellar vein network. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 80 healthy volunteers (40 males and 40 females) were selected for 3. 0 T MRI scans to obtain conventional sequence cross-section, sagittal tomographic images, and SWI image data. Post-processing was performed on the Extended MR workspace 2. 6. 3. 4 image workstation to reconstruct minimum intensity projection(mIP) images. SPSS 21. 0 statistical software was used to analyze and process each data, and the diameter measurement result were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results Both SWI and mIP could image the structures of the cerebellum and its veins. The cerebellar veins were divided into deep and superficial parts. The superficial cerebellar veins were divided into two groups: the vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres. The superficial vein of the cerebellar vermis consisted of superior vermis vein [diameter: (1. 21±0. 24)mm, occurrence rate: 92. 16%], summit vein [ diameter: (0. 66 ± 0. 05) mm, occurrence rate: 95%], mountain vein [diameter: (0. 76±0. 03)mm, occurrence rate: 100%], inferior vermis vein [diameter: (1. 40±0. 27)mm, occurrence rate: 99. 02%]. The superficial cerebellar hemisphere vein consists of anterior superior cerebellar vein [diameter: (1. 09± 0. 12)mm, occurrence rate: 100%], posterior superior cerebellar vein [diameter: (0. 88±0. 13) mm, occurrence rate: 70%], anterior inferior cerebellar vein [ diameter: (1. 34 ± 0. 15) mm, occurrence rate: 100%], posterior inferior cerebellar vein [ diameter: (1. 11 ± 0. 09) mm, occurrence rate: 92. 5%]. The deep veins were divided into cerebellomesencephalic fissure group, cerebellopontine fissure group, and cerebellomedullary fissure group. Conclusion SWI can display the microstructure and venules of the cerebellum, and can construct a network of superficial cerebellar veins.

Effect and mechanism of Zuogui Pills on neural function recovery in ischemic stroke mice based on OPN/IGF-1/mTOR / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect and mechanism of Zuogui Pills in promoting neural tissue recovery and functional recovery in mice with ischemic stroke. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, and low-, medium, and high-dose Zuogui Pills groups(3.5, 7, and 14 g·kg~(-1)), with 15 mice in each group. The ischemic stroke model was established using photochemical embolization. Stiker remove and irregular ladder walking behavioral tests were conducted before modeling and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after medication. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining was performed on day 3 after modeling, and T2-weighted imaging(T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) were performed on day 28 after medication to evaluate the extent of brain injury. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the histology of the cerebral cortex. Axonal marker proteins myelin basic protein(MBP), growth-associated protein 43(GAP43), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and its downstream phosphorylated s6 ribosomal protein(p-S6), as well as mechanism-related proteins osteopontin(OPN) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), were detected using immunofluorescence and Western blot. Zuogui Pills had a certain restorative effect on the neural function impairment caused by ischemic stroke in mice. TTC staining showed white infarct foci in the sensory-motor cortex area, and T2WI imaging revealed cystic necrosis in the sensory-motor cortex area. The Zuogui Pills groups showed less brain tissue damage, fewer scars, and more capillaries. The number of neuronal axons in those groups was higher than that in the model group, and neuronal activity was stronger. The expression of GAP43, OPN, IGF-1, and mTOR proteins in the Zuogui Pills groups was higher than that in the model group. In summary, Zuogui Pills can promote the recovery of neural function and axonal growth in mice with ischemic stroke, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the OPN/IGF-1/mTOR signaling pathway.

Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Arterial Stiffness: The China-PAR Project / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and arterial stiffness.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cohort-based study comprising 6,628 participants with arterial stiffness information in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess baseline (2007-2008) and recent (2018-2021) fruit and vegetable intake. We assessed changes in fruit and vegetable intake from 2007-2008 to 2018-2021 in 6,481 participants. Arterial stiffness was measured using the arterial velocity-pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure-volume index (API). Elevated AVI and API values were defined according to diverse age reference ranges.@*RESULTS@#Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models revealed that every 100 g/d increment in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 0.11 decrease in AVI ( B= -0.11; 95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.20, -0.02) on average, rather than API ( B = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.13). The risk of elevated AVI (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.97) is 18% lower in individuals with high intake (≥ 500 g/d) than in those with low intake (< 500 g/d). Furthermore, maintaining a high intake in the past median of 11.5 years of follow-up was associated with an even lower risk of elevated AVI compared with a low intake at both baseline and follow-up ( OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.83).@*CONCLUSION@#Fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with arterial stiffness, emphasizing recommendations for adherence to fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of arterial stiffness.

Chinese thoracic surgery experts consensus on postoperative follow-up plans for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Resection is one of the most important treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and routine postoperative follow-up is an effective method for early detection and treatment of recurrent metastases, which can improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. This consensus aims to provide a reference for colleagues responsible for postoperative follow-up of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China, and further improve the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Analysis of the current situation of internet plus nursing service for the elderly and promotion effect of the pilot policy in Ningbo / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the " Internet plus nursing services" for the elderly in Ningbo, and evaluate the promotion effect of the pilot policy, for reference to further optimize such service policy of China nationwide.Methods:The data came from the orders for " Internet plus nursing services" by elderly users over 60 years on the " cloud hospital" platform in Ningbo from 2016 to 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to study major demographic information, types of service items and number of person-times of the elderly users; The promotion effect of the pilot policy on " Internet plus nursing services" for the elderly in 2019 was analysed by Chow test.Results:The number of elderly users increased from 76 person-times in 2016 to 5 923 person-times in 2021, accumulating up to 12 209 person-times. The number of nursing service items increased from 18 in 2016 to 36 in 2021. The person-times of users of common clinical nursing and specialized nursing service items were 11 850 and 359 respectively. After the pilot policy was issued, the number of service items and the number of users were significantly increased in 2020( P<0.05). Conclusions:The development of " Internet plus nursing services" for the elderly in Ningbo had achieved certain results, especially with the promotion of the pilot policy in 2019, the types of service items and the number of elderly users had increased year by year. In the future, we should continue to focus on the elderly living alone and other special elderly groups with the support of relevant policies, further expand the scale of elderly users, improve the types of service items, and optimize the charging standards to help China′s healthy aging process.

Anti-inflammatory effect of couplet medicinals of Achyranthes bidentata -Eucommia ulmoides on mouse macro phage RAW264.7 / 中国药房

OB JECTIVE To study the anti-inflammatory effect of couplet medicinals of Achyranthes bidentata -Eucommia ulmoides. METHODS Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 were divided into blank group ，model group ，A. bidentata group（800 μg/mL），E. ulmoides group（800 μg/mL）and low- ，medium- and high- concentration groups of couplet medicinals of A. bidentata - E. ulmoides （400，800，1 600 μg/mL）. Excep for blank group and model group ，the other groups were added with corresponding drugs for 6 hours；then blank group was continued to add into the medium ，while model group was added into 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide （to induce the inflammatory model ）；other groups were added into corresponding drugs and 10 μ g/mL lipopolysaccharide. The levels of inflammatory factors [nitric oxide （NO），interleukin-1β（IL-1β），IL-6，tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] were detected ，and Jin ’s formula was used to evaluate the effects of A. bidentata -E. ulmoides . The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS），cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2），nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）and inhibitor α of NF-κB （IκBα）as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65，IκB kinase（IKK），p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）and c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）were determined. RESULTS Compared with blank group，the level of inflammatory factors ，protein expression of iNOS and COX- 2 as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65， IKK，p38 MAPK，ERK and JNK were increased significantly （P＜0.01），while the protein expression of IκBα was decreased significantly（P＜0.01）. After intervention of couplet medicinals of A. bidentata -E. ulmoides ，the level of inflammatory factors ，the expression or phosphorylation of above proteins were reversed significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and couplet medicinals of A. bidentata-E. ulmoides had a synergistic effect. CONCLUSIONS The couplet medicinals of A. bidentata -E. ulmoides have synergistic anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway related protein expression.

Effect of γδ T cells on the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Autophagy of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of γδ T cells on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from healthy volunteers, and stimulated with zoledronic acid (Zol) in combination with rhIL-2. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detected the purity of γδ T cells. γδ T cells were collected and co-cultured with RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells at different effector target ratios. The proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cell lines were detected by CCK-8. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot．The expressions of autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#γδ T cells can be expanded in vitro. γδ T cells could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in an effector target-dependent manner. In addition, γδ T cells could induce autophagy of myeloma cells, inhibited the expression of autophagy-related PI3K, P-AKT and P-mTOR, while increased the expression of AMPK and Beclin-1.@*CONCLUSION@#γδ T cells can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 and U-266 myeloma cells, induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, and enhance autophagy in vitro. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and/or activation of AMPK/Beclin-1 signaling pathway.

The effects of breastfeeding within 2 weeks after birth on late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the effects of breastfeeding within 2 weeks after birth on late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods:From July 2018 to June 2019, clinical data of VLBWI (birth weight <1 500 g) born in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to the proportion of breastfeeding volume in total feeding volume within 2 weeks after birth, the infants were assigned into high-proportion breastfeeding group (breastfeeding >50%), low-proportion breastfeeding group (breastfeeding ≤50%) and formula group. The incidences of late-onset sepsis among the three groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of breastfeeding within 2 weeks after birth on late-onset sepsis.Results:The incidences of late sepsis in high-proportion breastfeeding group, low-proportion breastfeeding group and formula group were 0.4% (1/216), 8.1% (5/62) and 8.0% (2/25), respectively ( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high-proportion breastfeeding group, the low-proportion breastfeeding group ( OR=17.844, 95% CI 2.005~158.775) and the formula group ( OR=23.261, 95% CI 1.916~282.350) had increased risks of late-onset sepsis. Conclusions:For VLBWI, high proportion breastfeeding (breastfeeding >50%) within 2 weeks after birth may reduce the risk of late-onset sepsis.

The incidence and risk factors of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely preterm infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the incidence and risk factors of periventricular- intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in extremely preterm infants (EPI) with gestational age (GA)<28 weeks.Methods:A retrospective study was performed in 304 cases of EPI hospitalized between January 2016 and December 2018. The infants were assigned into two groups according to whether PIVH occurred. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors of PIVH.Results:Among the 304 cases,101 (33.2%) developed PIVH and 44 (14.5%) developed severe PIVH.The incidences of PIVH and severe PIVH in EPI with birth weight (BW) <750 g were 50.6% and 31.0%. The incidences of PIVH and severe PIVH in EPI with GA<26 weeks were 51.4% and 27.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced GA ( OR=0.697, 95% CI 0.543~0.895, P=0.005) decreased the risk of PIVH. Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation ( OR=1.121, 95% CI 1.007~1.249, P=0.037) and use of vasoactive drugs ( OR=1.373, 95% CI 1.040~1.812, P=0.025) within the first week of life increased the risk of PIVH. Conclusions:The incidences of PIVH and severe PIVH in EPI are quite high. Smaller GA, longer use of invasive mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs within the first week will increase the risk of PIVH in EPI.

Trends and ranges of blood pressure during the first 7 days after birth in extremely premature infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the trends and ranges of blood pressure in extremely premature infants (EPIs) during the first 7 days after birth.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2020, EPIs born in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Their blood pressure were monitored using umbilical arterial catheters and no patients needed anti-hypotension treatment. The clinical data of the infants and their mothers, blood pressure data during the first 7 days after birth, clinical outcomes and complications were collected. The trends of blood pressure in untreated EPIs were analyzed and the blood pressure ranges of EPIs of different gestational ages (GA) were established.Results:A total of 145 cases of EPIs were included and their systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean blood pressure showed upward trends during 2~168 h after birth ( P<0.001). The diastolic pressure increased significantly within 24 h after birth ( P<0.05), systolic pressure and mean blood pressure increased significantly within 72 h after birth ( P<0.05). Blood pressure increased with age and GA. Conclusions:The blood pressure of EPIs will increase spontaneously during 7 days after birth. The ranges of blood pressure are measured for infants with different GA to provide clinical evidence for blood pressure management of EPIs during early postnatal period.

Detection of the antigenic peptides in pHLA complexes by ultrafiltration-high performance liquid chromatography / 生物工程学报

Recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules/antigenic peptide complexes (pHLA complexes) are applied in the research of human T cell-specific immune responses. The preparation of pHLA complex is based on genetic engineering and protein in vitro dilution and folding-refolding technology. In an in vitro refolding system, recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules correctly fold and bind with antigenic peptides to form complexes. In this study, ultrafiltration-high performance liquid chromatography (ultrafiltration-HPLC) was used for quantitative determination of the antigenic peptides in recombinant pHLA complexes, especially for those in a small amount of prepared products. By adding the recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules and antigenic peptides into the refolding buffer, the heavy chain (HC) and light chain (β2m) of recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules were refolded and bond with the VYF antigenic peptide containing anchor residues to form a pHLA complex. The unbound free antigenic peptide VYF was removed by ultrafiltration to retain the complex. Finally, the pHLA complex was treated by acid to destroy its interaction, thus releasing the antigenic peptide. The results showed that the prepared recombinant pHLA complex was recognized by HLA-Ⅰ molecule specific antibody W6/32, which indicated that the recombinant HLA-Ⅰ class molecule had correct folding and was identified as pHLA complex. The antigen peptide VYF contained in the pHLA complex was also detected by ultrafiltration-HPLC, so it is feasible to apply ultrafiltration-HPLC for determination of pHLA complex. Compared with Western blotting, the concentration of antigenic peptides detected by ultrafiltration-HPLC was 0-9 μg/mL. The binding conditions can be optimized according to the amount of antigenic peptides bound in the complex in order to improve the folding efficiency of HLA-Ⅰ molecules and promote the binding of HLA-Ⅰ molecules to antigenic peptides. The production rate of pHLA complexes in the refolding system can also be calculated according to the content of antigenic peptides bound by pHLA complexes. Therefore, ultrafiltration-HPLC in this study can be used for the quality control of the preparation process of pHLA complexes, and may facilitate the research of T cell-specific immunity, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and development of specific tetramer probe applications.