A qualitative research on the behaviors caused by fear of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the behaviors caused by fear of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients, and deeply analyze the causes of these behaviors, providing help for medical staff to fully understand the inner demands of diabetic patients with hypoglycemia, so as to manage the blood glucose effectively, laying the foundation of Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-behavior scale suitable for domestic type 2 diabetic patients. Methods The interpretative phenomenological analysis method was used guided by the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice and social cognitive theory, 33 patients with hypoglycemia from 5 hospitals with different levels were interviewed by semi-structured interview. Results Four themes were extracted, including excess sensitivity, caution, avoidance and compromise. The theme excess sensitivity contained three kinds of behaviors, that were meal with sensitive alertness, drug sensitivity and excessive response to the hypoglycemia, while the theme caution contained two kinds of behaviors, that were strive to blood sugar stable and must prepare food. Conclusions The results show that the fear of hypoglycemia is serious in type 2 diabetic patients, and they make many behavior change to avoid it, affecting their quality of life and glycemic management. Medical staff should attach importance to the inner feelings and behaviors of diabetic patients with hypoglycemia, and provide guidance and support after comprehensive assessment, working together with the patient to realize the effective management of blood glucose.

The reliability and validity of Chinese Version of Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Ⅱ-Worry Scale (CHFSⅡ-WS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Ⅱ-Worry Scale (CHFSⅡ-WS) and provide a psychological assessment tool for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The CHFSⅡ-WS was tested in 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for measuring the scale's reliability and validity.Results The itemlevel content validity index (Ⅰ-CVI) of the CHFSⅡ-WS was 0.78～1.00,the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.928.Through the exploratory factor analysis two factors were extracted which accounted for 52.959％ of the total variance.The test-retested reliability of the CHFSⅡ-WS was 0.911,Cronbach'α coefficient was 0.904.Conclusions The CHFSⅡ-WS has excellent reliability and validity,which can be used as a valid tool for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in China.

Experimental study of chondrogenesis in vitro by co-culture of bone marrow stromal cells and chondrocytes / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of chondrogenesis in vitro with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) induced by the co-cultured chondrocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The BMSCs and chondrocytes were separated from pig and cultured. The supernatant of chondrocytes was used as the inducing solution for BMSCs from the 2nd generation. 7 days later, samples were taken and underwent immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for detection of the expression of specific type II cartilage collagen, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA. The cultured BMSCs and chondrocytes were mixed at a ratio of 8:2 (BMSC: cartilage cell) and were inoculated into a polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid (PGA/PLA) scaffold at the final concentration of 5.0 x 10(7)/ml. The cartilage cells and BMSCs were also inoculated separately at the same concentration as the positive and negative control. Pure cartilage cells at 20% of the above mentioned concentration (1.0 x 10(7)/ml) were used as the low concentration cartilage cell control group. Samples were collected 8 weeks later. General observations, wet weight, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) determination and histological and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of type II collagen, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were positive in induced BMSCs. In the co-cultured group and the positive control group, pure mature cartilage was formed after 8 weeks of culture in vitro, and the size and shape of the scaffold were maintained. The newly formed cartilage in the two groups were almost the same in appearance and histological properties. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that the cartilage cells of the two groups all expressed ample cartilage-specific type II collagen. The average wet weight and GAG content in the co-cultured group reached more than 70% of those in positive control group. Only an extremely small amount of immature cartilage tissues was formed in local regions in pure BMSC group, and the scaffold was obviously shrunk and deformed. Although the wet weight of newly generated cartilage tissue in the low concentration cartilage cell group reached 30% of that in positive control group, the scaffold was obviously shrunken and deformed. Only regional and discontinuous cartilage tissues were formed, and the amount of newly formed cartilage was obviously less than that in the co-culture group and the positive control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chondrocytes can provide a micro-environment for the formation of cartilage, and also effectively induce BMSC to differentiate into chondrocytes and form tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro.</p>

Influence of continuous high-volume hemofiltration on IRAK-4 protein expression in severe acute pancreatitis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of continuous high-volume hemofiltration (CHVHF) on interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one patients with SAP were randomly divided into two groups to receive treatment with CHVHF plus conventional therapy (21 patients) and conventional therapy only (20 patients). Venous blood samples were taken before and 12, 24, and 72 h after the treatment for evaluation of APACHE II scores. The mRNA and protein levels of IRAK-4 in the monocytes were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and serum TNF-alpha levels was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 21 patients receiving CHVHF, 18 survived and 3 died, and in the conventional therapy group, death occurred in 5 cases. In the surviving patients of CHVHF group, the APACHE II scores, IRAK-4 mRNA and protein levels and TNF-alpha levels were all significantly lowered after the treatment, and these indices were also significantly lower than those in the conventional group after treatment (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CHVHF is effective in reducing monocyte IRAK-4 levels and serum TNF-alpha level in SPA patients, and thus alleviates the symptoms and improves the prognosis of SAP, possibly by reducing the level of the activators that induce monocyte activation via the Toll-like receptor.</p>

Observation on therapeutic effects of different methods on peripheral facial paralysis at different stages / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effects of different therapeutic methods for treatment of peripheral facial paralysis at different stages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the treatment group, 26 cases at acute stage were treated by acupuncture at corresponding acupoints at the healthy side, 15 cases at resting stage by acupuncture at the affected side with shallow needling method, and 2 cases at restoration stage by routine acupuncture and moxibustion, and their therapeutic effects were compared with the control group of 36 cases who were treated by routine acupuncture and moxibustion. The acupoints selected in the two groups were same.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured-markedly effective rate was 97.7% in the treatment group and 75.0% in the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The treatment group needed 2.7 therapeutic courses and the control group needed 4.0 courses in average with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different acupuncture methods at different stages are better than routine acupuncture method in treatment of peripheral facial paralysis.</p>

Effect of Runing II on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in transplanted tumor of mammary cancer MA-891 in TA2 mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Runing II on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in transplanted tumor of mammary cancer MA-891 in TA2 mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The MA-981 mice mammary cancer cell cultivated in vivo was inoculated into the right axilla subcutaneously of TA2 mice to establish the transplanted tumor model, which were treated with Runing II.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Runing II could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor and the occurrence of lung metastasis (P < 0.05), reduce the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in tumor tissue (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Runing II could reduce the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA, hence to inhibit the growth of tumor and lung metastasis.</p>