Glomuvenous malformation: a clinicopathological analysis of 31 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of glomuvenous malformation (GVM). Methods: Thirty-one cases of GVM diagnosed at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021 were collected. Their clinical and pathological features were analyzed. The expression of relevant markers was examined using immunohistochemistry. The patients were also followed up. Results: There were 16 males and 15 females in this study, with an average age of 11 years (range, 1-52 years). The locations of the disease included 13 cases in the limbs (8 cases in the upper limbs, 5 cases in the lower limbs), 9 cases in the trunks, and 9 cases in the foot (toes or subungual area). Twenty-seven of the cases were solitary and 4 were multifocal. The lesions were characterized by blue-purple papules or plaques on the skin surface, which grew slowly. The lumps became larger and appeared to be conspicuous. Microscopically, GVM mainly involved the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, with an overall ill-defined border. There were scattered or clustered irregular dilated vein-like lumens, with thin walls and various sizes. A single or multiple layers of relatively uniform cubic/glomus cells were present at the abnormal wall, with scattered small nests of the glomus cells. The endothelial cells in the wall of abnormal lumen were flat or absent. Immunohistochemistry showed that glomus cells strongly expressed SMA, h-caldesmon, and collagen IV. Malformed vascular endothelial cells expressed CD31, CD34 and ERG. No postoperative recurrence was found in the 12 cases. Conclusions: GVM is an uncommon type of simple venous malformation in the superficial soft tissue and different from the classical glomus tumor. Morphologically, one or more layers of glomus cells grow around the dilated venous malformation-like lumen, which can be combined with common venous malformations.

Exploration on acupuncture treatment ideas for knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of Dongyuan needling technology / 中国针灸

The treatment ideas with acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are explored on the base of Dongyuan needling technology. Regarding the rules of acupoint selection, Zusanli (ST 36) is predominant, the back-shu points are used for the disorders related to the invasion of exogenous factors, and the front-mu points are for the cases caused by internal injury. Besides, the xing-spring points and shu-stream points are preferred. In treatment of KOA, besides the local points, the front-mu points, i.e. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), are selected specially to tonifying the spleen and stomach. The earth points and acupoints on the earth meridians (i.e. Yinlingquan [SP 9], Xuehai [SP 10], Liangqiu [ST 34], Dubi [ST 35], Zusanli [ST 36] and Yanglingquan [GB 34]) are optional to coordinate yin and yang, essence and qi , and regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach. The shu-stream points of liver, spleen and kidney meridians (Taichong [LR 3], Taibai [SP 3] and Taixi [KI 3]) are chosen to promote meridian circulation and regulate zangfu functions.

Epidemiological characteristics and research progress of monkeypox in 2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus. Monkeypox was endemic mainly in central and western Africa in the past. Since May 7, 2022, monkeypox outbreaks have been reported in many non-epidemic countries and regions around the world. As of December 25, 2022, monkeypox cases have been detected in 110 countries and areas. Moreover, human to human transmission, especially among men who have sex with men, has aroused high global concern. The incidence, transmission route and clinical characteristics of monkeypox in 2022 seemed different from those in the past. Therefore, this paper summarizes the progress in research of the changes of epidemiological characteristics of monkeypox, the clinical characteristics of monkeypox and its prevention and treatment to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of monkeypox.

Progress in research of epidemiology of 2019-nCoV reinfection / 中华流行病学杂志

Continuous evolution of Omicron variant of 2019-nCoV has resulted in a rapid and simultaneous emergences of novel sub-variants with increased immune escape ability, higher reinfection risk and shorter time interval between infections. Compared with the first infection, the reinfection would still pose exceed risk to people's health although the clinical manifestations of the reinfection might be milder and the risk for severe illness or death is lower. The reinfection is highly associated with people's vaccination status, immunity level, age, working and residential factors. Those who have not received 2019-nCoV vaccination, the elderly and those with comorbidities, especially the previous 2019-nCoV patients with severe/critical illness, are at high risk for the reinfection. Booster doses of vaccine might play an additional role in the prevention of the reinfection and severe illness on the basis of natural immunity.

Tajectories of the self-efficacy of HIV testing among MSM based on latent class growth model / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the trajectories of HIV testing self-efficacy among men who have sex with men (MSM) based on latent class growth model. Methods: From August 2019 to May 2021, 404 MSM were recruited in Shandong Province and subjected to a 1-year follow-up study with individual intervention (pushing intervention pictures and videos in WeChat and follow-up questionnaires) and community intervention (forwarding to friends and sharing and discussing HIV testing-related information in WeChat groups). The level of HIV testing self-efficacy among MSM was measured. The long-term trend of HIV testing self-efficacy was analyzed using the latent class growth model (LCGM), and the influencing factors of the trend were analyzed. Results: A total of 404 MSM were (28.25±8.95) years old, with the oldest being 58 and the youngest being 18. The scores of HIV testing self-efficacy M(Q1, Q3) at baseline and 4 follow-ups were 18.00 (17.00, 21.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00), 19.00 (18.00, 22.00) and 19.00 (18.00, 22.00). The results of the freely estimated two-category LCGM model showed that the trend of HIV testing self-efficacy among MSM could be divided into two classes, "intervention response group" [255(63.1%)] and "intervention non-response group" [149(36.9%)]. The former had a higher level of HIV testing self-efficacy which tended to increase at first and then decrease over time, while the latter had a lower and more stable level. The results of the multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the OR values of MSM in business or service and jobless or unemployed were 0.261 (95%CI: 0.108-0.633) and 0.186 (95%CI: 0.057-0.610), respectively, using the students as the reference group. Conclusion: There is a group heterogeneity in the trend of HIV testing self-efficacy in the intervention conditions among MSM, and occupation may be an influencing factor.

A real-world study on the efficacy and safety analysis of paclitaxel liposome in advanced breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the application and efficacy of paclitaxel liposome in the treatment of advanced breast cancer among Chinese population in the real world. Methods: The clinical characteristics of patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome as salvage treatment from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 in 11 hospitals were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcome included objective response rate (ORR) and safety. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model were used for the multivariate analysis. Results: Among 647 patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome, the first-line treatment accounted for 43.3% (280/647), the second-line treatment accounted for 27.7% (179/647), and the third-line and above treatment accounted for 29.1% (188/647). The median dose of first-line and second-line treatment was 260 mg per cycle, and 240 mg in third line and above treatment. The median period of paclitaxel liposome alone and combined chemotherapy or targeted therapy is 4 cycles and 6 cycles, respectively. In the whole group, 167 patients (25.8%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with capecitabine±trastuzumab (TX±H), 123 patients (19.0%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome alone (T), and 119 patients (18.4%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum ± trastuzumab (TP±H), 108 patients (16.7%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with trastuzumab ± pertuzumab (TH±P). The median PFS of first-line and second-line patients (5.5 and 5.5 months, respectively) were longer than that of patients treated with third line and above (4.9 months, P<0.05); The ORR of the first line, second line, third line and above patients were 46.7%, 36.8% and 28.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that event-free survival (EFS) and the number of treatment lines were independent prognostic factors for PFS. The common adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions, hand foot syndrome and abnormal liver function. Conclusion: Paclitaxel liposomes is widely used and has promising efficacy in multi-subtype advanced breast cancer.

Establishment and evaluation of in vitro galectin-3 inhibitor screening model / 药学学报

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to the galectin family and is specific in binding β-galactoside. Through its C-terminal domain, Gal-3 binds to the galactoside group of the glycosylated insulin receptor (IR) and inhibits IR signaling pathway, which leads to the insulin resistance. Thus, Gal-3 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here we report a simple Gal-3 screening model based on the property that Gal-3 binds to the galactoside. We expressed and purified human Gal-3 in Escherichia coli (E.coli), and labeled it with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in vitro. After incubating FITC labeled Gal-3 (Gal-3-FITC) with PANC-1 cells, which express glycosylated membrane protein, PANC-1 cells started to show green fluorescent signal due to the Gal-3-FITC binding to the glycosylated membrane protein. Gal-3 inhibitor disrupts the binding of Gal-3-FITC and PANC1 cells, subsequently leads to the decrease of the fluorescent signal in PANC-1 cells. We can evaluate the inhibitory efficiency of Gal-3 inhibitors through measurement of the fluorescent signal. Further studies show this model is simple, stable, and repeatable with a Z' factor between 0.7 and 0.85. In sum, we have successfully established an in vitro high-throughput screening model for Gal-3 inhibitors.

Effect of repeated intravitreal Ranibizumab and Aflibercept injections on the corneal nerves in patients with macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of repeated intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and aflibercept on corneal nerve of patients with macular edema.METHODS: A total of 64 patients(64 eyes)enrolled in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were treated with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). There were 20 cases(20 eyes)of diabetic macular edema, 19 cases(19 eyes)of wet age-related macular degeneration and 25 cases(25 eyes)of retinal vein occlusion. Corneal confocal microscope was used to collect images of corneal subbasal nerve plexus before injections and at 1mo after each intravitreal injection based on 3+pro re nata(PRN)treatment regimen. Furthermore, the length and density of corneal nerve were measured.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in corneal nerve density of patients injected with aflibercept between pre-injection and post-injection(P&#x003E;0.05), while the corneal nerve length after 2nd and 3rd injections was lower than that of pre-injection(all P&#x003C;0.01). There were no significant changes in corneal nerve density and length in patients with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(all P&#x003E;0.05), and there was no significant differences in corneal nerve density and length after 3 injections of the two drugs(all P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: Repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF drug may affect corneal nerve to some extent. For patients who need repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF, attention should be paid to the changes of corneal nerves.

Introduction for One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026) / 中华流行病学杂志

Four organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, WHO, and the World Organization for Animal Health, recently launched a new One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026) which was the first time that the Quadripartite had issued a joint action plan on One Health. The action plan aimed to address the health challenges in the human, animal, plant, and environment, focusing on improving capabilities in six action tracks including One Health capacities, emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases, food safety, antimicrobial resistance and environment. This introduction will give an overview and brief translation of the background, content, and the plan's value, to help readers understand the joint action plan quickly.

A descriptive analysis of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on hyperlipidemia. Methods: Twins recruited from the CNTR in 11 project areas across China were included in the study. A total of 69 130 (34 565 pairs) of adult twins with complete information on hyperlipidemia were selected for analysis. The random effect model was used to characterize the population and regional distribution of hyperlipidemia among twins. The concordance rates of hyperlipidemia were calculated in monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ), respectively, to estimate the heritability. Results: The age of all participants was (34.2±12.4) years. This study's prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3% (895/69 130). Twin pairs who were men, older, living in urban areas, married,had junior college degree or above, overweight, obese, insufficient physical activity, current smokers, ex-smokers, current drinkers, and ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). In within-pair analysis, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia was 29.1% (118/405) in MZ and 18.1% (57/315) in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. Further, in within-same-sex twin pair analyses, the heritability of hyperlipidemia was 13.04% (95%CI: 2.61%-23.47%) in the northern group and 18.59% (95%CI: 4.43%-32.74%) in the female group, respectively. Conclusions: Adult twins were included in this study and were found to have a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than in the general population study, with population and regional differences. Genetic factors influence hyperlipidemia, but the genetic effect may vary with gender and area.

A descriptive analysis on hypertension in adult twins in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.

Treatment of palbociclib in hormone receptor positive breast cancer: a real-world study and efficacy prediction model / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical use of palbociclib and evaluate its efficacy and safety in hormone-receptor (HR)-positive advanced breast cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 66 HR-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy at the Department of Oncology in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated the factors affecting the efficacy of palbociclib using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test for survival analysis and Cox regressions for multivariate analysis. Nomogram model was built for predicting prognosis among HR-positive breast cancer patients who received palbociclib. Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used for internal validation to assess the predictive ability and conformity of the model. Results: Of the 66 patients treated with palbociclib, 33.3%(22), 42.4%(28) and 24.2%(16) patients were treated without endocrine therapy, first-line endocrine therapy, second-line or above endocrine therapy after recurrence, respectively. 36.4%(24) patients had hepatic metastasis, 16.7% (11) patients were sensitive to previous endocrine therapy, 27.3%(18/66) patients had primary resistance to endocrine therapy, while 56.1% (37) patients had secondary resistance to endocrine therapy. The overall response rate was 14.3% (95% CI: 6.7%, 25.4%) and clinical benefit rate was 58.7% (95% CI: 45.6%, 71.0%). Better clinical outcomes were associated with non-hepatic metastasis (P=0.001), sensitive/secondary resistant to previous endocrine therapy (P=0.004), no or only one line of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (P=0.004), recent pathological confirmation of immunohistochemical analysis (P=0.025). Hepatic metastasis (P=0.005) and primary resistance to endocrine therapy (P=0.016) were the independent risk factors of progression free survival. The C-index of predictive probability for the nomogram constructed from the patient clinical characteristics (whether liver metastasis, whether primary endocrine resistance, lines of chemotherapy after metastasis, lines of endocrine therapy, number of metastatic sites, and time to last immunohistochemistry) to predict the progression-free survival at 6 and 12 months for patients was 69.7% and 72.1%, respectively. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities. Conclusions: Our report indicates that palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy for HR-positive recurrent metastatic breast cancer is effective and safe; patients with hepatic metastases and primary resistance to endocrine therapy have worse prognoses and are independent risk factors for progression after palbociclib therapy. The constructed nomogram could help predict the survival and guide the use of palbociclib.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the rete testis thickness: a promising approach to differentiate obstructive from nonobstructive azoospermia / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of rete testis thickness (RTT) and testicular shear wave elastography (SWE) to differentiate obstructive azoospermia (OA) from nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). We assessed 290 testes of 145 infertile males with azoospermia and 94 testes of 47 healthy volunteers at Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China) between August 2019 and October 2021. The testicular volume (TV), SWE, and RTT were compared among patients with OA and NOA and healthy controls. The diagnostic performances of the three variables were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The TV, SWE, and RTT in OA differed significantly from those in NOA (all P ≤ 0.001) but were similar to those in healthy controls. Males with OA and NOA were similar at TVs of 9-11 cm 3 ( P = 0.838), with sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and area under the curve of 50.0%, 84.2%, 0.34, and 0.662 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.502-0.799), respectively, for SWE cut-off of 3.1 kPa; and 94.1%, 79.2%, 0.74, and 0.904 (95% CI: 0.811-0.996), respectively, for RTT cut-off of 1.6 mm. The results showed that RTT performed significantly better than SWE in differentiating OA from NOA in the TV overlap range. In conclusion, ultrasonographic RTT evaluation proved a promising diagnostic approach to differentiate OA from NOA, particularly in the TV overlap range.

Causes of perinatal mortality and risk factors in a district of Shanghai after the implementation of universal two-child policy / 上海预防医学

Objective To determine the changing trend and causes of perinatal mortality in Changning District after the implementation of the universal two-child policy， and then explore effective interventions for preventing perinatal mortality. Methods Data of perinatal mortality in Changning District from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. Change of perinatal mortality， causes of death and related factors were compared in consecutive 5 years before and after the universal two-child policy. Results In total， there were 153 099 perinatal births from 2011 to 2020 in Changning District， in which 352 deaths were documented. The perinatal mortality was 2.30 per 1 000 births， showing an overall downward trend from 2011 to 2020 （ P <0.05）. Residents with local household registration had lower perinatal mortality， compared to those with non-local household registration， which was observed both before and after the universal two-child policy （ P <0.05）. Furthermore， the perinatal mortality showed an upward trend after the universal two-child policy （ χ 2trend=5.481， P <0.05）. The major causes of perinatal death were fetus and its accessories， fetal malformation， and maternal diseases during pregnancy before the universal two-child policy； in contrast， the causes changed to maternal diseases during pregnancy， fetus and its accessories， and neonatal diseases after the policy. The proportion of pregnant women of advanced maternal age， menstrual delivery， and pregnancy complications or comorbidities were significantly higher after the policy than that before the policy （ P <0.05）. The most common pregnancy complication was gestational diabetes mellitus， gestational hypertension， and hypothyroidism during pregnancy after the universal two-child policy. Of them， the proportion of gestational hypertension increased from 6.56% （4/61） to 25.88% （22/85）. Conclusion Before and after the universal two-child policy， the perinatal mortality in non-local residents remains high and further shows an upward trend. Moreover， pregnant women advanced maternal age and those with complications or comorbidities may increasingly contribute to perinatal deaths after the policy. Therefore， health education should be strengthened to improve the awareness of self-health care， especially for non-local women. Hierarchical perinatal health service， primary prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications or comorbidities should be improved to further reduce perinatal mortality.

Causes of perinatal mortality and risk factors in a district of Shanghai after the implementation of universal two-child policy / 上海预防医学

Objective To determine the changing trend and causes of perinatal mortality in Changning District after the implementation of the universal two-child policy， and then explore effective interventions for preventing perinatal mortality. Methods Data of perinatal mortality in Changning District from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. Change of perinatal mortality， causes of death and related factors were compared in consecutive 5 years before and after the universal two-child policy. Results In total， there were 153 099 perinatal births from 2011 to 2020 in Changning District， in which 352 deaths were documented. The perinatal mortality was 2.30 per 1 000 births， showing an overall downward trend from 2011 to 2020 （ P <0.05）. Residents with local household registration had lower perinatal mortality， compared to those with non-local household registration， which was observed both before and after the universal two-child policy （ P <0.05）. Furthermore， the perinatal mortality showed an upward trend after the universal two-child policy （ χ 2trend=5.481， P <0.05）. The major causes of perinatal death were fetus and its accessories， fetal malformation， and maternal diseases during pregnancy before the universal two-child policy； in contrast， the causes changed to maternal diseases during pregnancy， fetus and its accessories， and neonatal diseases after the policy. The proportion of pregnant women of advanced maternal age， menstrual delivery， and pregnancy complications or comorbidities were significantly higher after the policy than that before the policy （ P <0.05）. The most common pregnancy complication was gestational diabetes mellitus， gestational hypertension， and hypothyroidism during pregnancy after the universal two-child policy. Of them， the proportion of gestational hypertension increased from 6.56% （4/61） to 25.88% （22/85）. Conclusion Before and after the universal two-child policy， the perinatal mortality in non-local residents remains high and further shows an upward trend. Moreover， pregnant women advanced maternal age and those with complications or comorbidities may increasingly contribute to perinatal deaths after the policy. Therefore， health education should be strengthened to improve the awareness of self-health care， especially for non-local women. Hierarchical perinatal health service， primary prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications or comorbidities should be improved to further reduce perinatal mortality.

Ineffectiveness of Skin Tests in Predicting Allergic Reactions Induced by Chinese Herbal Injections / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections (CHIs).@*METHODS@#The skin tests including skin prick tests (SPT), intradermal tests (IDT) and provocation tests including subcutaneous tests and intravenous tests were administered to 249 healthy subjects and 180 allergic patients for 3 CHIs, including ginkgolide injection, diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection and Salvianolate lyophilized injection. The results of the provocation tests were used as the "gold standard" to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the skin tests.@*RESULTS@#The results did not show any significant differences between the healthy and allergy groups in both skin tests and provocation tests (P>0.05). The specificities of SPT and IDT were 0.976 and 0.797, respectively, and the sensitivities of both SPT and IDT were 0.@*CONCLUSION@#Skin tests are insufficient to predict the likelihood of allergic reactions resulting from CHIs. (ChiCTR-CPC-15006921).

Salvianolic acid A inhibits platelet and neutrophil activation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effeets of Salvianolie aeirl A (SAA) on platelet recruitment, activation and neutrophils in heart of myocardial infarction ( Ml ) mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divid¬ed into: Sham operation group.Ml model group, SAA (5, 10 mg • kg 1 ) group, tirofiban (Tirofiban, 0.87 mg • kg ' ) group, using tail vein injection for 3 d.Echocardiography and HE staining were used to detect mouse heart function and infarct area; 1HC, FCS, ELISA, Western blot and other methods were used to explore the inhibitory effect of SAA on platelet and neutrophil activation.Results Compared with Ml group, SAA could improve the cardiac function and cardiac physiology changes of Ml mice, reduce the ex¬pression of CD42c in myocardial tissue and CD62p in peripheral blood without affecting tail bleeding time, reduce ADP-induced platelet activation and increase p- VASP/VASP ratio, reduce the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, reduce the expression of CD45, Ly6G, CXCL1 and CXCL2 in myocardial tissue, re¬duce the expression of complement component C3aR in myocardial tissue, and reduce C3a-induced NE and MPO, MMP9, LF level.Conclusions SAA has an anti-platelet activation effect by inhibiting the PI3K/ AKT and VASP pathways and an anti-neutrophil acti¬vation effect by inhibiting the expression of C3aR and C3a.

The neuroprotective effect of p-benzoyl salidroside, a derivative of salidroside, on MCAO model rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the neuroprotective effect of p-benzoyl salidroside (pOBz), a derivative of salidroside, on MCAO model rats.Methods ( 1 ) Thirty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, MCAO group and MCAO + pOBz group (25, 50, 1(X) mg • kg"1).MCAO model was made by suture-embolus method.The rats were scored for neurological function impairment and weighed every day.pOBz was intraperitoneally injected and administered continuously for two days after preparation of MCAO model.The cerebral infarction volume of rats was detected by MRI.( 2 ) Twenty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, MCAO group, MCAO + pOBz group (50 mg • kg"1 ) and MCAO + Sal group (50 mg • kg 1 ).The model was made by the suture-embolus method.pOBz was in-traperitoneally injected and administered continuously for one day.Western blot was used to detect the ex pression of NeuN, EGR1 , Bcl-2 and Bax.(3) Eighteen healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided j j into Sham group, MCAO group and MCAO + pOBz group ( 50 mg • kg 1 ).Administration continued for 2 days.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of NeuN.Results Intraperitoneal injection of pOBz for 2 days could reduce the cerebral infarction volume of MCAO rats, improve neurological impairment and increase the expression of NeuN and EGR1 , and the effect was better than that of Sal.pOBz improved Bcl-2/Bax in brain tissues of MCAO rats to the same extent as Sal did.Conclusions pOBz can reduce the volume of cerebral infarction in MCAO rats and has better neuroprotective effect than that of salidroside.

Changes in Ileal Flora Induced by Qishengwan in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease： An Exploration Based on "Interior-Exterior Relationship Between Heart and Small Intestine" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Qishengwan on ileal flora during its treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） under the guidance of the theory of "interior-exterior relationship between heart and small intestine". MethodThe AD model was established by bilateral intraventricular injection of β-amyloid 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. The rats were then randomly divided into the blank group， sham-operated group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.6， 11.2，22.4 g·kg-1·d-1） Qishengwan groups， and donepezil （0.46 mg·kg-1·d-1） group. After medication for 28 successive days， the spatial memory ability of rats was observed in water maze test， and the levels of Aβ1-42， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the hippocampus were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Additionally， the contents of the ileum were collected and subjected to 16SrRNA-sequencing analysis for figuring out the changes in ileal flora. ResultCompared with the blank group and sham-operated group， the model group exhibited significantly reduced stay time in the target quadrant and number of target quadrant and platform crossings （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated Aβ1-42 content in the hippocampus （P<0.01） and central inflammatory factors NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Qishengwan at each dose significantly alleviated the impaired spatial memory function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the deposition of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced the expression of central nervous system inflammatory factors （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thus exerting a good therapeutic effect on AD rats. The 16SrRNA-sequencing analysis results showed that the structure of the ileal flora in the model group was significantly separated from those in the blank group and sham-operated group. The abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， while that of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Qishengwan at each dose significantly changed the ileal flora structure and regulated the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Escherichia-Shigella， and Ruminococcaceae. ConclusionQishengwan has a positive therapeutic effect on AD. It can significantly enhance the memory and cognitive abilities in AD rats， which may be related to its regulation of the structure of rat ileal flora and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Escherichia-Shigella， and Ruminococcaceae， the attenuation of the central neuroinflammatory response， and the reduction of central Aβ1-42 deposition.

Effect of Shaoyaotang on Inflammatory Cytokines and Intestinal Flora in Rats with Dampness-heat Diarrhea / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Shaoyaotang on diarrhea， inflammation， and intestinal flora in rats with dampness-heat diarrhea and explore the mechanism of therapeutic principle "treating incontinent syndrome with dredging method" of Shaoyaotang. MethodThe dampness-heat diarrhea model was induced by high temperature， high humidity， high sugar and fat diet， and pathogenic factors. The rats were divided into normal group， model group （normal saline）， Shaoyaotang group （5.62 g·kg-1）， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma （RRER）-free Shaoyaotang group （5.15 g·kg-1）， and RRER group （0.01 g·kg-1）. The rats were treated correspondingly for five days， twice a day in the morning and evening. The diarrhea index was used to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of each group three hours after the administration in the evening. The levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-2， and IL-6 in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） three hours after the last administration. The structure of intestinal flora in feces was characterized by 16sDNA. ResultCompared with the model group， the Shaoyaotang group， the RRER-free Shaoyaotang group， and the RRER group showed reduced diarrhea index （P<0.01）， with the onset rates ranking as the Shaoyaotang group>the RRER-free Shaoyaotang group>the RRER group. Those three groups with drug intervention all showed decreased levels of inflammatory factors （P<0.01）， especially the Shaoyaotang group， and no significant difference was observed between the RRER group and the RRER-free Shaoyaotang group. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria and conditioned pathogens （e.g. Escherichia-Shigella， Prevotella， Enterorhabdus， and Bacteroides） was reduced and the proliferation of probiotics （such as Ruminococcus， Turicibacter， and Lachnospiraceae） was increased in the groups with drug intervention （P<0.01）. For the structure of intestinal flora， the RRER group and the Shaoyaotang group were close to the normal group， and the RRER-free Shaoyaotang group was different from the other three groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionShaoyaotang can improve the outcome of rats with dampness-heat diarrhea through anti-inflammation and regulation of intestinal flora disorders. RRER in the prescription plays a key role in reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and promoting the proliferation of probiotics， which is the key of Shaoyaotang in promoting the re-balance of intestinal flora. It also confirms the scientificity of treating dampness-heat diarrhea with RRER following the therapeutic principle "treating incontinent syndrome with dredging method".