Status of antibiotic use in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in multiple regions of China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the use of antibiotics in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in multiple regions of China, and to provide a reference for CAP standard treatment and rational antibiotic use in children.@*METHODS@#The medical data of 1 383 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics in 10 grade A tertiary hospitals from 9 cities between April 14, 2014 and January 1, 2016 were reviewed, to analyze the status of antibiotic use in hospitalized children in North China, Northeast China, East China, and South China.@*RESULTS@#The overall rate of antibiotic use in children with CAP was 89.08%, with 88.7% in North China, 95.5% in Northeast China, 83.3% in East China, and 86.6% in South China. The main types of antibiotics used were cephalosporins, macrolides, compound preparations of β-lactam antibiotics, polyphosphoric broad-spectrum antibiotics and other β-lactam antibiotics. The selection of antibiotics was generally rational, but antibiotics were still used in some patients with viral infection alone or a combined use of ≥2 kinds of antibiotics were noted in some patients with infection caused by one kind of pathogen. Irrational antibiotic use was observed in 131 children (10.63%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are high rates of antibiotic use and irrational use of antibiotics among children with CAP. Standard management of antibiotic use in children with CAP should be strengthened.

Sequence analysis of 3'-non-coding region of RHD / 中国实验血液学杂志

There are 3' non-coding region, downstream Rhesus box, SMP1 gene et cetera. after RHD stop code. This study was intended to determine the sequence of 3' non-coding region. One pairs of primer was designed and then a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established for specific amplification of whole length of 3' non-coding region of RHD in 10 Rh-positive and 10 D(el) samples. The PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. The results showed that all Rh-positive and D(el) samples were identical, which revealed that there were 103 bp between 3'-end of RHD coding region and 5'-end of downstream Rhesus box. The D(el) samples showed the same result with the normal Rh-positive sample. It suggests that lower expression of D antigen in D(el) red cells does not associate with 3' non-coding region of D(el) gene.