Effect of panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreal Conbercept in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with different stages / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)combined with intravitreal conbercept(IVC)for patients with different stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: Retrospective study. The medical records for 100 patients(100 eyes)with PDR treated with PRP combined with IVC from January 2018 to June 2020 were reviewed, including 34 eyes with early PDR(group A), 43 with high-risk PDR(group B), and 23 with fibrovascular PDR(group C). The baseline information, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), the rate of vitrectomy and retinal detachment of the patients in the three groups at 1, 3, 6mo and the last follow-up after combination treatment were observed.RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 14.60±11.64mo(6-52mo), with a mean age of 54.22 ±9.32 years. We found 15 eyes(15.0%)who underwent vitrectomy after the combination treatment. The vitrectomy rates of the three groups were 2.9% in group A, 13.9% in group B, and 34.7% in group C. We found no instances of retinal detachment after the treatments. Most patients demonstrated improved BCVA and CMT values with the treatments.CONCLUSION: PRP combined with IVC is safe and effective in patients with different PDR stages.

Natural ingredients from Chinese materia medica for pulmonary hypertension / 中国天然药物

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure, which may eventually develop to right heart failure and death. Although newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH, limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH still makes it as a life-threatening disease. Some drugs from Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been traditionally applied in the treatment of lung diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from those medicines brings promising future for the prevention and treatment of PH. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which are potent in treating PH, so as to provide new thoughts for initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.

Monoclonal antibody OX26-modified ginsenoside Rg1 nano drug delivery system for promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral infarction / 医学研究生学报

Objective Blood-brain barrier(BBB)may stop over 95%of the drugs delivered from entering the brain.This study aimed to establish a BBB model in vitro,detect the ability of the nano drug delivery system to penetrate the BBB,and observe its effect on angiogenesis and neuron cell proliferation after cerebral infarction. Methods A BBB model was established in vitro and the penetrability of PHRO through the BBB was detected by transwell assay.PBS,Rg1,and PHRO were placed in the upper chamber,and the content of Rg1 in the lower chamber was measured by HPLC.The effect of PHRO on angiogenesis was assessed with the in vitro tube formation model and the expression levels of the angiogenesis -related genes VEGFA and Dll4 determined by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Brain endothelial cells were incubated with 10 μL PBS(the control group),10 μmol/L Rg1(the Rg1 group),and PHRO(containing 10 μmol/L Rg1,the PHRO group)for 24 hours,and the SH5Y cells incubated the same way in the three groups for 72 hours.The effects of PHRO on the proliferation and apoptosis of the SH5Y cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively.The SH5Y cells were treated with 10 μL PBS(the PBS con-trol group),1 mmol/L Na2S2O4(the hypoxia-induction group),1 mmol/L Na2S2O4plus 10 μmol/L Rg1(the hypoxia-induction +Rg1 group),and 1 mmol/LNa2S2O4plus PHRO(including10 μmol/L Rg1,the hypoxia-induction +PHRO group), respectively. Results The content of Rg1 was 3.18%in the Rg1 group,28.8%in the PHRO group,and 0 in the control group.The angiogenesis of endothelial cells was markedly increased in the Rg 1 group as compared with the control(P<0.05), and even more significantly in the PHRO than in the Rg1 group(P<0.05).In comparison with the control group,the expressions of VEGFA and Dll 4 and the prolif-eration of the SH5Y cells were remarkably elevated in the Rg 1 group(P<0.05)and even more significantly in the PHRO than in the Rg1 group(P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of neurons was the lowest in PBS control(1.2%)and the highest in the hypoxia-induction group(21.6%),decreased to 13.14%and 8.25%in the hypoxia-induction +Rg1 and hypoxia-induction +PHRO group,respectively. Conclusion PHRO nanomedicine could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in vitro, promote angiogenesis and neuronal proliferation, reduce the apoptosis of neurons under hypoxia,and up-regulate the expressions of angiogenesis-related genes.

Relationship between R236C site in exon 7 of SP-B gene and respiratory distress syndrome in Han newborns in western Inner Mongolia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect and analyze the genetic variation in exon 7 of lung surfactant protein B (SP-B), and to investigate the relationship between the genetic variation and the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in Han populations in western Inner Mongolia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the case-control study, 47 Han infants with NRDS were assigned to case group. All the 47 patients had the last three generations of their ancestors reside in western Inner Mongolia. Forty-seven Han newborns without NRDS were assigned to control group. PCR-based gene analysis was used to determine the mutation in exon 7 of SP-B gene and genotype and allele frequencies of the R236C site in exon 7 of SP-B gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Han newborns in western Inner Mongolia, there was no mutation in exon 7 of SP-B gene; two genotypes, CC and CT, were identified in the R236C site in exon 7 of SP-B gene. No TT genotype was found in the two groups. There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency of CC or CT as well as the allele frequency of C or T between the case and control groups (CC: 72% vs 85%, P>0.05; CT: 28% vs 15%, P>0.05; C: 85% vs 93%, P>0.05; T: 15% vs 7%, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is no mutation in exon 7 of SP-B gene in Han infants with NRDS in western Inner Mongolia. There is no significant association between the gene polymorphism of the R236C site in exon 7 of SP-B gene and the incidence of NRDS in Han populations in that region.</p>

Effects of echinacoside on extracellular acetylcholine and choline levels of hippocampus and striatum of cerebral ischemia rats / 药学学报

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of echinacoside (ECH) on cholinergic neurotransmitter extracellular of hippocampus and striatum and its possible mechanisms of neuro-protective effect against vascular dementia rats. In this study brain microdialysis technique combined with HPLC-IMER-ECD (high-performance liquid chromatography-immobilized enzyme reactor-electrochemical detector) was used. The bilateral common carotid arteries occluded in two times operation at 72 h interval for vascular dementia model rats were used and the successful vascular dementia model rats were examined by Morris water maze. The content of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) of microdialysate extracellular of hippocampus and striatum was determined by HPLC-IMER-ECD and the AChE activity in the hippocampus was measured. The results showed that the success rate of vascular dementia model was 83.08% after six weeks; the results also showed that echinacoside and galantamine could increase the content of ACh and reduce the content of Ch extracellular of hippocampus and striatum significantly and the AChE activity increased significantly compared with that of the model group. The results suggested that echinacoside could promote the recovery of cholinergic neurotransmitter levels in vascular dementia rats' brain, which may be one of the mechanisms of neuro-protection.

Clinical observation of isolated congenital anosmia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce 8 patients with isolated congenital anosmia and to discuss the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics and family characteristics of this rarely seen disorder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight patients with isolated congenital anosmia treated between April 2007 and April 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 4 females. A detailed medical history collection, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, T&T and Sniffin'Sticks subjective olfactory function tests, olfactory event-related potentials sinonasal computed tomography scan and sex hormones level monitoring were performed in all patients. Seven cases underwent magnetic resonance image of olfactory pathway examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were anosmia without evidence of other defects. ENT physical examination, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan were normal except 4 cases with obvious nasal septum deviation, 2 cases with concha bullosa. Subjective olfactory test indicated all of them were anosmia. Olfactory event-related potentials were obtained in only 1 patient. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the smaller or atrophy olfactory bulb and olfactory tract in five cases, the absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts in two case. A female patient did not have MRI examination because of wearing IUDs. Detection of 8 patients of sex hormones were normal. Family characteristics: 3 patients showed family inheritance pattern.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis of isolated congenital anosmia should be based on chief complaint, medical history, physical examination, olfactory test, nasal endoscopy, olfactory testing, olfactory imaging and olfactory event-related potentials. Magnetic resonance image of olfactory pathway and olfactory event-related potentials have important value for the diagnosis. More attention should be paid to the genetic susceptibility of the family.</p>

Early prediction of the injured regions in neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by diffusion weighted imaging and measuring their apparent diffusion coefficient / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to predict the injured regions of neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the early phase of injury, and to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the multiple regions of the brain.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The participants in this study were twenty-six infants with HIE from neonatology ward hospitalized between July 2006 and July 2009. Nineteen patients had severe HIE, and seven had moderate HIE. DWI and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for each case within the first 72 hrs. The ADC values of eight regions of interest (ROIs) were measured in ten cases with severe HIE (ADC values group). ROIs included posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), ventrolateral thalami, basal ganglia, perirolandic cortex, occipital cortex, centrum semiovale, brainstem, and frontal white matter. Twelve neonates were enrolled as the control subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the first 72 hrs, the conventional MRI of 26 patients showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5, subdural hemorrhage in 2, and mild high signal intensity in the cortex of only one patient. In the 19 cases with severe HIE, abnormal signal intensities were seen in ventrolateral thalami and perirolandic cortex of 17 patients (89%), and the remaining 2 infants showed abnormal cortex and subcortical white matter. In 7 cases with moderate HIE, 4 had abnormal signal intensity in the cortex and subcortical white matter, 2 had abnormal periventricular white matter, and only one showed abnormal signal intensity in the ventrolateral thalami and perirolandic cortex. In the ADC values group, the average ADC values of posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), ventrolateral thalami, basal ganglia, perirolandic cortex, occipital cortex, centrum semiovale, brainstem, and frontal white matter respectively were 0.68 (0.56 - 0.88), 0.73 ± 0.13, 0.67 ± 0.11, 0.78 ± 0.22, 0.90 ± 0.16, 0.87 ± 0.21, 0.73 ± 0.19, 1.32 ± 0.22 × 10(-3) mm(2)/S. In the control group, the average ADC values of posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), ventrolateral thalami, basal ganglia, perirolandic cortex, occipital cortex, centrum semiovale, brainstem, and frontal white matter respectively were 0.96 (0.95 - 1.02), 1.02 ± 0.90, 1.15 ± 0.99, 1.08 ± 0.07, 1.09 ± 0.08, 1.39 ± 0.20, 0.96 ± 0.05, 1.58 ± 0.18× 10(-3) mm(2)/S. There was statistically significant difference in the average ADC values between each of 8 ROIs of infants with HIE and healthy neonates (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the first days after birth, the major injured regions of severe HIE were ventrolateral thalami and perirolandic cortex, the minor injured regions were cortex and subcortical white matter. Multiple regions of moderate HIE were injured, including cortex with subcortical white matter, periventricular white matter, and ventrolateral thalami with perirolandic cortex. The ADC values of the regions with abnormal signal intensity decreased, also some regions with the normal signal intensity.</p>

Multiple supernumerary teeth associated with bone protuberance: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Supernumerary tooth is a frequent phenomenon in clinic, but the simultaneous occurrence of many supernumerary teeth and protuberance of jaw bones is rare. A case of 5 supernumerary teeth in oral and multiple protuberances of jaw bones was reported and the relevant literatures were reviewed.

The effect of stress distribution and displacement by two kinds of different distract directions on mandibular body / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in order to study the influence of distraction orientations to mandibular DO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using the two finite element models, Von Mises stress and the displacement under different loads were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maximum stress in the distract equipment paralleled to the mandibular corpus was two times of that when the distract equipment paralleled to the sagittal axis. Von Mises stress concentration mainly occurred in the loading position and the condylar ante inferior. This phenomenon may lead to partial bone resorption, consequently lead to screw loose and affect the stability of distraction device. When the displacement increased in the model, the maximum stress and displacement showed linear relation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The counterforce produced by the device makes lateral displacement in tail. The reaction force could be reduced to a minimum degree when the traction device parallel to the sagittal axis. This study provides theoretical basis for the position of distract equipment and distraction orientations in clinical application.</p>

Measurement of airway resistance and reactivity in guinea pigs using double-chamber plethysmography / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for measurement of airway resistance (sRaw) and reactivity in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methacholine spray at gradient concentrations was given to guinea pigs. PC100 was defined as the concentration of methacholine when the sRaw doubled in the guinea pigs using a double-chamber plethysmograph. The time for the recovery of PC100 resistance to baseline levels was measured. The sRaw and PC100 were measured twice on days 1 and 15 (4 time points) in the guinea pigs before and after OVA challenge.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PC100 in a normal guinea pig airway was shown to recover the baseline level within 1 h. Double-chamber plethysmographical measurement of the sRaw and PC100 in normal guinea pigs did not show significant differences between the time points [sRaw: 3.25-/+0.67, 3.33-/+0.58, 3.30-/+0.56, and 3.32-/+0.75 cm H2O.s; log2PC100: 8.48-/+0.94, 8.64-/+1.04, 8.56-/+0.67, and 8.64-/+0.60, respectively, P>0.05]. The sRaw and airway reactivity were significantly increased in guinea pigs challenged with OVA [sRaw: 7.08-/+1.82 vs 2.87-/+0.53 cmH2O.s, P<0.01; log2PC100: 6.64-/+1.26 vs 8.48-/+1.17, P<0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A double-chamber plethysmography for measurement of sRaw and airway reactivity in guinea pig is established successfully.</p>

Effects of repeated esophageal acid infusion on airway resistance and airway reactivity in guinea pigs and the mechanism / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of repeated esophageal acid infusion on specific airway resistance (sRaw) and airway reactivity in the guinea pigs and explore the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>sRaw and airway reactivity were measured by double-chamber plethysmography in normal control group (group N), saline control group (group NS), and repeated acid irrigation group (group H). The initial measurement was used as the baseline sRaw and airway reactivity (1d1), and 2 h after the initial measurement, sRaw and airway reactivity were measured again (1d2). Similarly, such measurements were repeated on the 15th day for all the guinea pigs (15d1, 15d2) with a 2-h interval. The content of Substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in lung tissue, trachea, BALF and ganglion were detected by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percent change of sRaw, (15d2-1d1)/1d1 in group H was significantly higher than that in group N. The differences in the airway reactivity of the group N, group NS, and group H were not statistically significant. The SP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in group H was significantly higher than those in group N. The SP content in ganglion showed a significant positive correlation to that in the trachea. No significant differences were found in the VIP content in the lung, trachea, ganglion or BALF between the groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Repeated esophageal acid infusion increases the airway resistance, but not the airway reactivity in normal guinea pigs. SP may be involved in development of high sRaw through the esophageal-tracheobronchial reflex.</p>

Study of three-dimensional model on biomechanical characteristics of mandibular fractures in different site / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the biomechanical characteristics of mandibular fractures in different site.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine adult mandibular specimens were measured precisely. The data was used to establish a three-dimensional model. When mandibular was under functional loading, the bending and torsion moment as well as shear force of angle, body and symphyseal fracture was calculated. The data were analyzed by Origin 6.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Angle fracture had relatively high positive bending moment and high shear force. Body fracture had positive as well as negative bending moment and the highest torsion moments. Symphyseal fracture had only negative bending moment and relatively low shear force.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angle, body and symphyseal fractures each have a biomechanics characteristic. These biomechanics characteristic should have an important meaning in the treatment of mandibular fractures and instructing patient how to bite correctly.</p>

An epidemiologic study of cough in young college students in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of cough and its risk factors in young college students in Guangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a questionnaire with uniform scheme, a cluster-randomized sampling survey was conducted among young college students in Guangzhou. Fluoroscopy of chest was performed in subjects with persisted cough longer than 8 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 1087 cases with complete data from 1091 people including 648 males, 439 females with an average age of 21.16 years old. The total prevalence of cough was 10.9%. Difference in prevalence of cough between males and females showed no significance (10.3% vs. 11.9%, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between male and female in prevalence rates of acute cough (6.9% vs. 8.7%, P > 0.05) and chronic cough (3.4% vs. 3.2%, P > 0.05). Under chronic cough condition, cough was more likely to be the only or major symptom than under acute cough condition (77.8% vs. 44.6%, chi(2) = 11.166, P < 0.01). Nasal disease was an important risk factor to the development of chronic cough, which was found in 33.3% of the patients with chronic cough and when having chronic nasal diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cough seemed a common disorder in young college student in Guangzhou and there was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females. Nasal disease was an important risk factor to chronic cough.</p>

Diagnostic significance of differential cell count in induced sputum to chronic cough / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of differential cell count in induced sputum to chronic cough and assessment of airway inflammation.Methods The sputum of 335 chronic cough patients were induced.Differential cell counts were measured in these samples.The side effects were observed during the induced procedure.The final diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestation and examination findings including pulmonary function tests,provocation test,induced sputum cell differentials, etc.Results The cause of chronic cough was defined in 322 patients.The six most important causes of cough were typical asthma(TA,n=84),eosinophilic bronchitis (EB,n=62),atopic cough (AC,n= 42),cough variant asthma (CVA,n=40),gastroesophageal reflux cough(GERC,n=37),rhinitis and/ or paranasal sinusitis (PNDs,n=32),and others and indefinite cause (n=25,13).Percentage of eosinophils were significantly increased in the induced sputum of AC,EB,CVA,and GERC patients (0.005,0.052,0.059,0.234) compared with those in other causes and the healthy controls (0) (P