RESUMEN
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly effective anti-tumor method. However, when laser radiation was used to ablate tumors, it usually triggers a series of inflammatory reactions, promoting the further development of tumors and affecting the effect of anti-tumor therapy. Therefore, it is an effective method to improve the anti-tumor effect by suppressing the inflammatory response through the precise targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drug while realizing the photothermal treatment of tumors. To this end, the redox-responsive linker 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid was used to bond the classic hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drug 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) and the hydrophilic fragment methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG-NH2) to obtain redox-responsive amphiphilic polymer PEG-DA-GA in this study. Then, photothermal agent IR-780 was encapsulated to prepare redox-responsive polymer micelle PDG/IR-780 NPs. The PDG/IR-780 NPs exhibited uniform particle size of 80.2 ± 5.3 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.215 ± 0.079. All animal experiments followed the ethical requirements formulated by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University. The results showed that PDG/IR-780 NPs could respond to the abundant glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells to promote the disintegration of nanoparticle and the release of 18β-GA, thus significantly improved the killing efficiency on 4T1 cells, when compared with the non-redox-responsive control PSG/IR-780 NPs. When the concentration of 18β-GA was 50 μg·mL-1, the cell viability of 4T1 cells in the PDG/IR-780 NPs group was only (19.29 ± 1.80) %, which was significantly lower than the result of in PSG/IR-780 NPs group (29.30 ± 1.37) %. The results of frozen sections of tumor tissues showed that the designed PDG NPs can promote the tumor-targeted distribution of drugs compared with the free drug group. Eventually, PDG/IR-780 NPs achieved wonderful anti-tumor efficacy on 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer model, revealing the new possibility of the combined therapy strategy of photothermal and anti-inflammatory therapy.
RESUMEN
Objective To understand the epidemiological features of syphilis in Qingpu District for developing control strategies. Methods The data of syphilis cases(2009-2018)were collected and analyzed. Results The reported syphilis incidence decreased from 27.17/105 in 2009 to 24.69/105 in 2018. The ratio of secondary syphilis declined from 64.98% in 2009 to 57.14% in 2018, while that of latent syphilis increased from 23.74% in 2009 to 32.89% in 2018. The incidence of syphilis was higher in males than in females, and the average male/female ratio increased from 1.01:1 in 2009 to 1.51:1 in 2018. The incidence of syphilis was the highest in the age group of 20-59 years, but the constituent ratio increased in the aged group(≥ 60 year). The cases were mainly in the local household register, but the composition ratio showed a downward trend from 81.71% in 2009 to 59.14% in 2018. The main source of cases was STD outpatients. It decreased from 89.11% in 2009 to 46.51% in 2018, and the proportion of inpatients and other outpatients increased from 8.56% in 2009 to 50.49% in 2018. Conclusion The incidence of syphilis shows a decreasing trend. The incidence of reported secondary syphilis has decreased in general but increased rapidly in older patients. More measures are urgently in need to control epidemic syphilis effectively.