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Objective@#To study the coping styles and its relationship with quality of life among part of the female breast cancer patients in Shanghai in 2014.@*Methods@#In August of 2014, 1-3 block groups affiliated to Shanghai Cancer Rehabilitation Club were selected from each of the 17 districts of Shanghai by convenient sampling method. Respondents were recruited from these block groups via putting up posters in the community or top three hospitals nearby. The inclusion criteria were as follows: female, aged from 18 to 80 years old; the initial diagnosis or primary tumor was breast cancer, and active treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were finished; capable of basic reading and comprehension, and there was no communication disorder; daily activities were not limited, and with no mental disorder or dysgnosia. Totally 2 205 respondents were included. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information of demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, result of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and result of the Ways of Coping Inventory-Cancer Version (WOC-CA). 1 968 valid questionnaires were withdrawn. The results of respondent characteristics and WOC-CA were under descriptive analysis, and the differences of coping styles among groups of different demographic characteristics were compared using t test. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between respondents' coping styles and quality of life using partial correlation analysis.@*Results@#The average age of the 1 968 respondents was (58.7±7.4) years old, and BMI was (24.4±5.4) kg/m2. The score of positive coping styles was 2.04±0.41, and the score of negative coping styles was 1.79±0.33. The scores of Physical Functioning (PF), Role Functioning (RF), Cognitive Functioning (CF), Emotional Functioning (EF), Social Functioning (SF), and Global Health (GH) were 83.40±12.18, 90.80±15.92, 80.72±16.29, 84.67±15.19, 80.99±20.91, 65.27±21.21, respectively. Positive coping styles correlated with PF, EF, and GH positively, and the correlation coefficients were separately 0.581 (P=0.046), 0.593 (P=0.045), 0.770 (P<0.001). Negative coping styles correlated with RF, CF, EF, and SF negatively, and the correlation coefficients were separately-0.672 (P=0.021),-0.815 (P=0.005),-0.121 (P<0.001),-0.123 (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Part of the female breast cancer patients in Shanghai in 2014 mainly adopted positive coping styles, and in general the positive coping styles correlated with quality of life positively and negative coping styles correlated with quality of life negatively.
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Objective To explore the role and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the formation of chronic transplant renal interstitial fibrosis and to study Smurf2 expression change and role played in this process.Methods We collected 26 cases of normal renal tissues and 26 cases of renal allograft specimens from chronic allograft dysfunction patients to observe the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression and distribution of E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and TNF-α,Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2).Furthermore,The HK2 cells were divided into five groups depending on different concentrations of TNF-α (0,10,20,50,and 100 ng/mL).After 48 h,we collected the cells to analyze the expression changes of Smurf2,E-cad,α-SMA by Western blotting.Results As compared with normal group,the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in CAD group was aggravated according to the results of HE and Masson staining (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression of E-cadherin was reduced,and that of α-SMA,TNF-α and Smurf2 increased greatly in CAD group as compared with normal group (P＜0.01).The results of Western blotting also revealed that after treatment with different concentrations of TNF-α for 48 h,the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated,and that of α-SMA and smurf2 was up-regulated in HK2 cells (P＜0.05).Conclusion TNF-α may promote the formation of allograft renal interstitial fibrosis via transdifferentiation of human tubular epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells by up-regulating the expression of Smurf2.