Trend on Mortality of Gastric Cancer and Cause-eliminated Life Expectancy from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze the mortality characteristics and trends and the cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer in Harbin City from 1987 to 2019. Methods Mortality data of residents with gastric cancer from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin was analyzed to describe the mortality characteristics and trends of gastric cancer. Abridged life table and cause-eliminated life table were applied to calculate life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated with Joinpoint 4.2 software to evaluate the trends of mortality and cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer. Results From 1987 to 2019, the crude mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW and the truncated rate (35-64) were 14.3/105, 10.9/105, 10.9/105, and 13.5/105, respectively. The ASMRC showed an obvious decreasing trend at an average annual rate of 2.9% from 1987 to 2019 (95%CI: -4.4%--1.4%). Significant decreasing trends were observed for males (AAPC=-3.0%, 95%CI: -4.4%--1.7%) and females (AAPC=-3.1%, 95%CI: -5.3%--0.9%). An obvious decreasing trend in the ASMRW was also observed. The truncated rate (35-64) showed a downward trend (AAPC=-2.8%, 95%CI: -3.1%--2.5%). The average life expectancy of residents from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin were 76.78 years (male: 74.41 years, female: 79.33 years). After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increased by 0.25 years (male: 0.31 years, female: 0.18 years). Significant decreasing trends were found in the proportion of gastric cancer in all malignant cancer cases (AAPC=-0.18%, 95%CI: -2.0%--1.7%). Conclusion The mortality of gastric cancer decreases gradually from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin. After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increases by 0.25 years. Therefore, prevention and control should be strengthened.

Effect of Maxing Shigantang and Supplemented Guominjian Decoction on Symptoms and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Induced Sputum of Children with Cough Variant Asthma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of Maxing Shigantang and supplemented Guominjian decoction on symptoms and levels of inflammatory cytokines in induced sputum of children with cough variant asthma （CVA）. MethodA total of 118 CVA children who were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were enrolled and randomized into the control group and the observation group with the random number table method. Control group received routine western medicine and the observation group was treated by routine western medicine， Maxing Shigantang， and supplemented Guominjian decoction. In the one-month follow-up， the scores of cough and accompanying symptoms， levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin-10 （IL-10）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， neutrophil， eosinophil］ in induced sputum， pulmonary function parameters ［forced vital capacity （FVC）， forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）， FEV1/FVC］， and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Moreover， the frequency of acute asthma attacks during the three-month follow-up was also compared. ResultNo cases dropped out from this study. After treatment， the scores of cough and accompanying symptoms were decreased in both groups （P<0.05） and were lower in observation group than in control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， FVC， FEV1， and FEV1/FVC were raised in both groups and were higher in observation group than in control group （P<0.05）. The increase in the level of IL-10 along with the decrease in levels of IL-5， TNF-α， neutrophil， and eosinophil in induced sputum was found in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， and observation group had higher level of IL-10 and lower levels of IL-5， TNF-α， neutrophil， and eosinophil than the control group （P<0.05）. The effective rate was 86.44% （51/59） in observation group， which was higher than the 69.49% （41/59） in control group （χ2=4.933， P<0.05）. No serious adverse reaction occurred in either group. The frequency of acute asthma attacks during the three-month follow-up was （1.09±0.18） in observation group， which was lower than the （2.83±049） in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionRoutine western medicine combined with Maxing Shigantang and supplemented Guominjian decoction can effectively and safely alleviate the airway inflammatory responses， control the clinical symptoms， improve pulmonary function， and reduce the frequency of acute recurrence in the treatment of CVA children.

The role of antibiotics in the treatment of Crohn′s disease / 中国医师杂志

Crohn′s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive and destructive inflammatory disease affecting the entire digestive tract. Changes in the intestinal microbiota, particularly a decrease in gut microbiome diversity, are thought to be associated with chronic intestinal inflammation of CD. As for the mechanism of antibiotics in CD treatment, some scholars believe that antibiotics can affect the course of disease by reducing the concentration of intestinal bacteria and changing the composition of intestinal microbiota. Different antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and rifaximin, have been proved to have certain therapeutic effect on some patients with CD in clinical practice, but there are still limitations in the use of antibiotics.In this review, the relationship between intestinal flora and the incidence of CD and the application of antibiotics in CD were reviewed, providing reference and help for the standardized application of antibiotics in CD.

Awareness of early childhood sex education and influencing factors among rural kindergarten teachers in Sichuan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the awareness of sexuality education knowledge in kindergarten teachers in rural areas of Sichuan and its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for sex education capacity improvement among rural teachers.@*Methods@#With multi stage stratified cluster sampling method, 162 teachers selected from 16 rural kindergartens in rural areas of Sichuan Province to conduct questionnaires related to early childhood sex education.@*Results@#The awereness of early childhood sex education foreskin care in rural areas in Sichuan was 73.8%. Knowledge regarding foreskin care(58.8%)", "the function of the family includes rest and entertainment functions(65.6%)", "girls need to clean the reproductive truets from the front to back (68.8%)". Multivariate non conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that teaching experience>4 years(OR=4.16, 95%CI=1.74-9.98), notice of young children with sexual related behaviors(OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.19-7.40), the number of sources of sexual knowledge sources ≥5(OR=3.39, 95%CI=1.42-8.13) were associated with high awareness of preschool sex education knowledge.@*Conclusion@#The preschool sex education knowledge awareness among Sichuan rural kindergarten teachers needs to be improved. A variety of sex education channels should be constructed to encourage teachers, especially those who are newly employed, to acquire more relevant knowledge, pay attention to children’s sex related behaviors, and improve their ability in sex education.

Clinicopathological differences in laterally spreading tumors between rectum and colon / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological differences in laterally spreading tumor (LST) from the rectum and colon.Methods:Clinicopathological records of 198 patients with LST (116 cases in rectum,82 cases in colon) from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2012 and January 2017 were evaluated.Results:A total of 198 colorectal LST were included.According to the endoscopic classification,nodular mixed type (LST-GM),homogeneous type (LST-GH),flat elevated type(LST-FE) and pseudodepressed type (LST-PD) were 127(64.1％),13(6.6％),41(20.7％) and 17(8.6％),respectively.LST-GM was predominant in the rectum (71.7％),while LST-FE was predominant in the colon (78.0％),with significant difference (P＜0.01).The mean size of LST was (52.03±35.62) mm or (25.37±11.56) mm in the rectum or the colon,with significant difference between them (P＜0.01).High grade intraepithelial neoplasia frequency was higher in the rectum than that in the colon (31.0％ vs 18.3％),while the low grade intraepithelial neoplasia frequency was lower in the rectum than that in the colon (61.2％ vs 75.6％) (both P＜0.05).The mean size of LSTGM and LST-GH diameter were larger in the rectum than that in the colon,and the malignant potential of LST-GM was higher in the rectum than that in the colon.The percentage of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia + invasive carcinoma was 41.8％ and 22.2％,respectively (both P＜0.05).LST in colon was mostly treated with endoscopic mucosal resection,while LST in rectum was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection predominantly.Conclu sion:LSTs from the rectum and colon show different clinicopathological characteristics to some extent.LST-GM is predominant in the rectum,while LST-FE is predominant in the colon.The malignant potential of LST-GM is higher in the rectum than that in the colon.

Molecular recognition code between pathogenic bacterial TAL-effectors and host target genes: a review / 生物工程学报

As the pathogenic bacterial virulence and avirulence factors, transcription activator like (TAL) effectors of Xanthomonas can resulted in the host diseases or resistance responses. TAL effectors can specifically bind the target DNA of host plant with a novel protein-DNA binding pattern in which two amino acids recognize one nucleotide. The complexities of TAL-DNA binding have the feasibility in use of gene therapy through homologous recombination and site-specific mutation. By using the molecular recognition code between TAL-effectors and host target genes, we can exploit both the susceptible and resistance genes; broad spectrum resistance induced by multiple TAL effectors could also be manipulated. Deeper insight in the area of protein-DNA binding mechanism will benefit the application in the biomedical engineering and agricultural engineering. This article reviews the findings and functions of TAL effectors, the binding specificity and recognition code between TAL-effectors and host target genes. The possible applications and future prospects of the molecular recognition code have been discussed.

Investigation on the relationship of occlusal force to formation of wedge-shaped defects / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clinically investigate and identify the occlusal force as one of factors relative to formation of wedge-shaped defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>123 subjects, selected from a group of middle-aged and elderly people in an urban area were divided into four groups: control, light, middle and severe group according to the severity of wedge-shaped defects. Cuspid, first and second premolars, and first molar in maxilla were examined for occlusal force by occlusometer, and the peak value of occlusal contact strain on every maxillary tooth was studied by photocclusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant reduce of occlusive force in the defected teeth was found than that of in the control teeth. The occlusal contact strain of first premolars with defects by photocclusion was statistically increased. The relative occlusal contact strain of first premolars and first molar of defects was higher than that of their proximate teeth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occlusal force could have relation to the formation of wedge-shaped defects.</p>