Intervening in the acute phase of postradiation carotid blowout syndrome

Introduction: Acute carotid blowout syndrome (aCBS) is a severe complication of head and neck cancer (HNC). It can be defined as a rupture of the extracranial carotid arteries, or one of their branches, that causes life-threatening hemorrhage, and which nowadays can be treated with urgent endovascular intervention. Objective: We retrospectively evaluate the endovascular management of aCBS and its outcome in years of survival. Methods: Retrospectively, we describe our experience with endovascular control of aCBS in patients treated for HNC. We review the characteristics, pathology, endovascular treatment and morbidity and assess the gain in life years. Results: Nine individuals were included in this study. Four patients had been previously diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one with paranasal SCC, one with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and three with oral or maxillary adenocarcinoma. All subjects underwent radiotherapy and surgical excision to different extents. Twelve endovascular procedures were performed for injuries to the internal carotid artery (n = 3; 25%), external carotid artery (n = 1; 7%) or one of their branches (n = 8; 67%). Deconstructive methods were used in nine procedures, and three procedures were mainly reconstructive with deployment of covered stents. Total control of bleeding was achieved in all individuals with no intraprocedural complications. Conclusion: Endovascular therapy is an effective alternative for the management of exsanguinating CBS. In our series, this palliative therapy increased the overall patient survival by an estimated 9 months (AU)

Tratamiento empirico anti-toxoplasma en SIDA y Chagas cerebral: relato de dos casos, revision de la bibliografia y propuesta de un algoritmo / Empirical anti-toxoplasma therapy in cerebral AIDS and Chagas invasion: presentation of 2 cases, bibliography review and proposal of an algorithm

El Tripanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la tripanosomiasis americana o enfermedad de Chagas es endémico en extensas áreas de América del Sur y Central, y existen numerosas comunicaciones documentando la invasión del sistema nervioso central por T. cruzi en pacientes con SIDA. Presentamos dos casos que ilustran claramente que el compromiso neurológico causado por T. cruzi resulta frecuentemente indistinguible de la toxoplasmosis del sistema nervioso central. Como el tratamiento precoz del Chagas neurológico ha sido asociado con una mayor sobrevida, y esta enfermedad es fácilmente diagnosticable mediante la identificación del agente en líquido cefalorraquídeo, proponemos que se realice sistemáticamente el estudio serológico de anticuerpos anti- T. cruzi en todos los pacientes con SIDA y diagnóstico presuntivo de toxoplasmosis cerebral. En aquellos pacientes que sean reactivos para Chagas debería realizarse además el estudio sistemático del líquido cefalorraquídeo. O dicho en otras palabras, la imposibilidad para diferenciar clinicamente el compromiso neurológico por T. cruzi del causado por Toxoplasma gondii hace necesatio replantear el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de las lesiones focales agudas del sistema nervioso central en pacientes con SIDA residentes o procedentes de áreas endémicas de Chagas.