RESUMEN
Background: The report of the Population Reference Bureau (2011) which stated that 76 out of every 1,000 infants die every year due to preventable causes like malaria, diarrhea and vaccine preventable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is worrisome. Whereas, in advanced countries, infant mortality rate has dropped significantly to only five out of every 1,000 live birth. This is what has prompted this study -to determine the predictors of under-five mortality in a suburban area in Jos Plateau State Nigeria. Methods: The study was a community based cross-sectional survey in which households were selected by systematic sampling method from a randomly selected suburban community in Jos, Nigeria Results: The percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be 10.8% with the cause of death being reported as malaria (48.4%), diarrhea (38.7%), pneumonia (9.7%) and unknown causes (3.2%), the positive predictors with significant under-five mortality were; high parity with odds of 3.3 times and p value of 0.001 in those with parity of 4-6 and about 16 times mortality with a p value of < 0.000 in those with parity greater than 6. Those who were not exclusively breastfed had 5.3 times the likelihood of mortality with a p value of 0.001 and mortality was 4 times higher in partially immunized children( p=0.027) and almost 12 times in those who were not immunized at all (p< 0.000) Conclusion: Percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be higher among those with higher parity, lack of exclusive breastfeeding and poor immunization status in this study.
RESUMEN
A varicocele is a meshwork of distended blood vessels in the scrotum, usually left-sided, due to dilatation of the spermatic vein. Although the concept that a varicocele causes male subfertility has been around for more than 50 years now, the mechanisms by which a varicocele would affect fertility have not yet been satisfactorily explained. Neither is there sufficient evidence to explain the mechanisms by which varicocelectomy would restore fertility. Furthermore, it has been questioned whether a causal relation exists at all between the distension of the pampiniform plexus (a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord) and impairment of fertility. We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (12 September 2003 to January 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2012), Medline (January 1966 to January 2012), Embase (January 1985 to January 2012), PsycINFO (to Week 1 2012) and reference lists of articles. In addition, we handsearched specialist journals in the field from their first issue until 2012. We also checked cross-references, references from review articles and contacted researchers in the field. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they were relevant to the clinical question posed. If they reported pregnancy rates or live birth rates as an outcome measure, and if they reported data in treated (surgical ligation or radiological embolization of the internal spermatic vein) compared ...