RESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar el tiempo de enfermedad y premedicación como factores de riesgo para apendicitis perforada en el Hospital de Ventanilla durante el período de Enero - Septiembre 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo casos y controles. La población estuvo conformada por 234 pacientes con sus historias clínicas, el grupo casos constituido por 78 pacientes con diagnóstico postoperatorio de apendicitis perforada y el grupo control constituido por 156 pacientes con diagnóstico postoperatorio con apendicitis no perforada. Resultados: Se encontró que, del total de pacientes con tiempo de enfermedad mayor de 72 horas, 61.5%, presentaron apendicitis perforada (OR= 5.33, IC 95% (2.96; 9.61), p < 0.001). Asimismo, el 69,2% de pacientes con un tiempo de enfermedad extrahospitalaria mayor de 24 horas presentaron apendicitis perforada (OR=5,72, 95% IC (3,16 - 10,37), p < 0.001). Se encontró que el 56,4% de pacientes con un tiempo de enfermedad intrahospitalaria mayor de 12 horas presentaron apendicitis perforada, (OR= 2.24, IC 95% (1.29; 3.91), p < 0.003). En relación a la pre-medicación, el 15,4% de los pacientes que tomaron medicamentos previos, presentaron apendicitis perforada, (OR= 2.97, IC 95% (1.19; 7.39), p =0.017). Conclusión: Se concluye que el tiempo de enfermedad y la pre-medicación que en su mayoría la no prescrita son factores de riesgo para la presencia de apendicitis perforada.
Objective: To determine the time of illness and pre-medication as risk factors for perforated appendicitis in the Hospital of Ventanilla during the period of January - September 2017. Methods: An analytical study of type and control was carried out. The population consisted of 234 patients with their clinical histories, the group cases constituted by 78 patients with postoperative diagnosis of perforated appendicitis and the control group constituted by 156 patients with postoperative diagnosis with non-perforated appendicitis. Results: It was found that 61.5% of the patients with a disease time longer than 72 hours had perforated appendicitis (OR = 5.33, 95% CI (2.96, 9.61), p <0.001). 69.2% of patients with an out-of-hospital disease time longer than 24 hours presented perforated appendicitis (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: (3.16 - 10.37), p <0.001). 56.4% of patients with intrahospital disease time greater than 12 hours had perforated appendicitis (OR = 2.24 95% CI (1.29, 3.91) p <0.003). In relation to pre-medication, 15.4% of patients who took previous medications had perforated appendicitis (OR = 2.97, 95% CI (1.19, 7.39) p = 0.017). Conclusion: It is concluded that the time of illness and the pre-medication that in the majority of the unprescribed are risk factors for the presence of perforated appendicitis.