Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and glycemic indices, including plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postload glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.@*Methods@#The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment. The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.@*Results@#A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis. Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels, but with different inflection points in men and women. The thresholds for FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L, 11.0/14.0 mmol/L, and 6.1/6.5, respectively (SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).@*Conclusion@#An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes, while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.

Expression of Proteus mirabilis polyphosphate kinase and preparation of its polyclonal antibodies / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To express and purify polyphosphate kinase (PPK) from Proteus mirabilis and prepare the polyclonal antibody against PPK.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antigenicity and hydrophobicity of PPK were analyzed using software. The N-terminal conservative sequence containing 309 amino acids was selected as the target peptide, and its corresponding gene sequence with modification based on prokaryotic cells-preferred codon was synthesized and inserted into plasmid pET28b(+). The constructed recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and induced with IPTG. The expressed fusion protein was purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The purified protein was injected along with adjuvant in rabbits to prepare the polyclonal antibodies against PPK.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>PPK fusion protein expressed by E. coli was purified successfully using Ni-affinity chromatography. ELISA result demonstrated that the harvested rabbit anti-sera against PPK had a high titer of 1:512 000, and Western blotting showed a good specificity of the antibody, which can be used further study of the role of PPK in the pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis infection.</p>

Design and application of teaching and examination system based on Delphi for obstetric nurse / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a teaching and examination system based on Delphi for the obstetric nurse. Methods The teaching materials were collected for the obstetric nurse, the teaching and examination mode was analyzed, and Delphi was used for programming and MySQL database was applied to teaching and examination data. Results The system had easy operation, high stability and rapid response to the database, and could meet the requirements for the teaching and examination of the trainee nurse. Conclusion The system realizes informatization and high expansibility of obstetric teaching and examination, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of GABAA receptor β2 subunit gene with schizophrenia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic association between schizophrenia and the polymorphism of GABA(A) receptor β2 subunit (GABRB2) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population association analysis was performed of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proximal promoter of GABRB2 gene by PCR and sequencing of the genomic DNA in a cohort of 172 schizophrenics and 167 controls of Chinese Han nationality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One out of the 5 SNPs, namely rs3811996, was found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia especially in the male cohorts, where the heterozygous genotypes (A/G) and minor allele G displayed lower frequencies in case group than in the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We found a new risk, SNP rs3811996, for paranoia schizophrenia, which further supports the importance of genetic variations of GABRB2 in the etiology of schizophrenia.</p>

The effects of E. coli ppk1 deletion in mice bladders colonization and inflammation induction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the role of ppk1 gene in E.coli CFT073 strain during urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods C57BL/6 mouse models of acute UTI with the wild-type(CFT073) and ppk1 mutant (△pk1) infected, were used to compare the bacteria colonization and inflammation induction abilities of bladder tissues. Results In the mouse models, the △pk1 strain showed a significantly lower infection rate (73.3% vs 93.3%) and lower adhesion frequency of bladder (0.01%vs 0.5%) than those of the CFT073 strain. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere reduced in the bladder of △pk1 infected group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-Eosin tissue staining showed that the damage degree of bladders in △pk1 infected mice were less serious than the CFT073 infected mice. Conclusion ppk1 gene plays an important role in E.coli colonization to bladder and the inflammation induction ability.

Research of traditional Chinese medicine and umbilical treatment on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with mental disorders / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and umbilical treatment on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)with mental disorders. Methods Thirty-seven cases with IBS-D were randomized into a treatment group(33 cases) and a control group(31 cases). The treatment group was given Shugan-Jianpi TCM decoction and pepper umbilical dressing. The control group was given Pinaverium Bromide Tablets and Flupentixol and Melitracen tablets. After having been treated for 4 weeks, Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBS-SSS), IBS quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL) were determined. Results After the treatment, HAMD, HAMA, IBS-SSS in the treatment group and the control group all significantly decreased (the treatment group t=14.280, 13.530, 18.847,the control group t=11.514, 9.424, 13.829, P<0.01), and IBS-QOL increased markedly(t=-16.848, -11.712, P<0.01). Compared with HAMA, IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL in treatment group, the control group showed statistical difference(t=-3.183, -2.549, 3.904, P<0.01 or 0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 94%higher than 75%of the control group(χ2=4.727, P<0.05). Conclusion Shugan-Jianpi TCM decoction and pepper umbilical dressing can improve the clinical symptoms and psychological symptoms and improve the quality of life of IBS-D patients.

Efficacy observation on traumatic nerve injury treated with different acupuncture therapies / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the difference in the efficacy on traumatic nerve injury among electroacupuncture, warm needling therapy and electroacupuncture plus warm needling therapy and explore the better therapeutic method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The electromyography (EMG) and electroneurography (ENG) of 93 cases showed traumatic nerve injury of moderate damage. According to the single blind randomization principle, they were divided into an electroacupuncture (EA) group, a warm needling therapy (WN) group and an EA plus WN group, 31 cases in each one. The main acupoints were selected from Yangming Meridian and Shaoyang Meridian corresponding to the distribution of damaged nerves. EA, WN and EA plus WN were applied separately. The treatment was given once every day, 15 treatments made one session. After 3 sessions of treatment (45 treatments in total), EMG and ENG were re-checked and the results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Regarding the total effective rate and effective rate, it was 96. 8% (30/31) in the EA plus WN group, which was better than 74.2% (23/31) in the EA group and 77. 4% (24/31) in the WN group (P<0. 05). Concerning to the improvements of EMG, the result in the EA plus WN group was 96.8% (30/31), which was better than the other two groups [74. 2%(23/31),74. 2%(23/31)] (P<0. 05). In terms of the recovery of nerve conduction and amplitude, the results in EA plus WN group [(50.9+/-4. 6)m/s,(8. 8+/-2. 9),microVx1 000] were better than the other two groups [(43.7+/-3.1)m/s,(4. 2+/-1. 9)microV X 1 000,(43. 8+/-3. 3)m/s,(4. 5+/-2. 2)microV X 1 000] (P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA combined with WN is a better therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of traumatic nerve injury.</p>

Investigation of TCM constitution and living habit of inhabitant of Guangzhou Nansha / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the TCM constitution and living habit of inhabitant of Guangzhou nansha.Methods 500 inhabitants of Guangzhou nansha in our hospital were determined by questionnaire,including TCM Constitution,eating habit,sleeping habit and exercise habit.Results There were 26 cases of harmonious constitution(5.2％),474 cases of partial constitution(94.8％).Among the partial constitution,there were 211 cases of single-side constitution (42.2％),the frequency order from high to low was Qi deficiency constitution (12.8％),dampness heat constitution (8％),yang deficiency constitution (6.2％); 179 cases of two-side constitution(35.8％),the sequence was qi deficiency with phlem-dampness constitution (6.2％),Qi deficiency with dampness heat constitution (4.2％),Qi deficiency with Yin deficiency constitution (3.8％).Eating habit (x2=22.449),sleeping habit (x2=17.726) and exercise habit (x2=16.207) had significant dependablity with partial constitution (P＜0.01).Conclusion The main TCM constitution of inhabitant of Guangzhou nansha was Qi deficiency constitution,dampness-heat constitution,Yang deficiency constitution,phlegm-dampness constitution.Partial constitution was closely related with living habit.

Effects of Shenshuai Yangzhen capsule on hypothalamic leptin-neuropeptide and proopiomelanocortin axes in chronic renal failure rats with malnutrition / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Shenshuai Yangzhen Capsule (SYC) on hypothalamic leptin-neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) axes in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats with malnutrition (MN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two male SD rats of SPF grade were established into CRF-MN model by 5/6 nephrectomy and 4% casein diet, the happening time of MN in them was recorded. Rats successfully modeled were randomized into three groups, 11 rats in Group A treated with SYC, 11 in group B treated with composite alpha-keto acid and 12 in Group C was untreated. Besides, a normal control group was set up with 8 healthy rats. After being treated for 4 weeks, the renal function related indices, including serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 hour urine protein (24 h Upro), albumin (ALB), haemoglobin (Hb) insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyeride (TG) were measured, and body weight, food intake in rats were observed dynamically, blood leptin and NPY level in rats were determined by radioimmunoassay; mRNA expressions of OB-Rb, NPY and POMC in hypothalamus were detected with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CRF rats revealed MN at the end of 10th week after modeling. Compared with Group C, the condition of MN in Group A was significantly improved, showing increase of food intake and body weight (P < 0.05), marked improvement of renal function (P < 0.05), decrease of LP and NPY levels in plasma (P < 0.05), as well as up-regulated NPY mRNA expression and down-regulated mRNA expressions of OB-Rb and POMC in hypothalamus (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SYC can improve the malnutrition condition in rats with CRF, which is possibly by way of depressing OB-Rb and POMC mRNA expression and upgrading NPY mRNA expression in hypothalamus.</p>

Research progress of role of innate immunity in infection of leptospira / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis with worldwide distribution. As the first procedure in immunity system, the role and significance of innate immunity in controlling infection at the early stage of the disease have gradually been emphasized. Macrophages can phagocytize and kill leptospira, while the pathogenic leptospira can evade the killing by macrophages. In addition, neutrophils, complement system and cytokines also contribute to the defence of leptospira infection.

Effects of alpha-keto acid on the expression of neuropeptide Y in malnutrition rats with chronic renal failure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of alpha-keto acid on the expression of neuropeptide Y in malnutrition rats with chronic renal failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats received 5/6 nephrectomy and were fed with 4% casein to establish models of malnutrition with chronic renal failure. Serum albumin, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, type-1 insulin like growth factor and body weight of the rats were measured. The rat models were randomized into chronic renal failure group, alpha-keto acid group and normal control group, and after a 4-week treatment as indicated, neuropeptide Y mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were measured by RT-PCR in rats with surgically induced renal failure (two-stage subtotal nephrectomy). The blood neuropeptide Y of the rats were analyzed by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Malnutrition occurred in chronic renal failure rats at the end of 10 weeks. Compared with those in the chronic renal failure group, the plasma neuropeptide Y concentrations in alpha-keto acid group were significantly lowered with substantially elevated neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the hypothalamus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>alpha-keto acid capsule can improve malnutrition in rats with renal insufficiency possibly by up-regulating neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and reducing the level of blood neuropeptide Y.</p>

Mechanisms of phagocytosis of Leptospira by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of phagocytosis of virulent Leptospira by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs,andevaluatetheroleof innateimmuneinthepathogenesisof leptospirosis. Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were extracted. Three specific inhibitors ( microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D,microtube inhibitor colchicine and PI3K signalling pathway inhibitor LY294002) were added respectively to the macrophages 1 h before the infection of virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai in vitro.Meanwhile, control group without inhibitor was established.Phagocytosis was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and phagocytic rates were evaluated by flow cytometry 3 h after infection.ResultsThe phagocytic rates of control group, cytochalasin D group, colchicine group and LY294002 group were (38.98 ± 0.91)%,(23. 99 ± 1. 40) % ,(40.81±0.91)% and (39.64 ±3.56) %, respectively.The phagocytic rate of cytochalasin D group was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0. 05), while those of colchicine group and LY294002 group were not significantly different from that of control group (P >0.05). ConclusionMicrofilaments play an important role in the phagocytosis of strain Lai by peritoneal macrophages,but the process is independent on PI3K signalling pathway,and microtubes play little part during the phagocytosis.

Study on the effect and mechanism of ascorbic acid on renal podocytes in diabetes / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect and mechanism of ascorbic acid on podocyte, last barrier of glomerular filtration, in diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin injection intraperitoneally were treated by ascorbic acid for 5 weeks. The levels of blood glucose (BG), HbA1c, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and superoxide diamutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal cortex were measured. The podocyte ultrastructure was observed while the expression of desmin protein, a marker of podocyte injury, was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, BG and HbA1c were increased markedly in diabetic group. The activities of SOD and CAT were decreased and the concentrations of MDA were increased significantly in diabetic renal cortex. There were the increased proteinic expression of desmin, foot process effacement in podocytes and UAER markedly in diabetic rats. Compared with diabetic rats, foot process effacement and the changes of UAER were ameliorated markedly while the activities of SOD were increased, the levels of MDA and proteinic expression of desmin were decreased markedly although BG, HbA1c and the activities of CAT were no significant difference in the diabetic rats by ascorbic acid treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings suggest that there are marked injury in podocyte, last barrier of glomerular filtration, in diabetic rats and administration of ascorbic acid can protect podocyte by increasing antioxidative capacity and ameliorating the renal oxidative stress.</p>

Effect of Shenshuai Yangzhen capsule on remnant renal tissue following 5/6 nephrectomy in malnutrition rats with chronic renal failure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effects of Shenshuai Yangzhen capsule, a preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, on remnant renal tissue following nephrectomy in malnutrition rats with chronic renal failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and fed 4% casein diet to induce chronic renal failure (CRF), and their blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb), 24-hour urineprotein (24-h Upro) and body weight were measured. Upon the onset of malnutrition, the rats were randomized into CRF control group (CC), ketosteril group (KT), and Shenshuai Yangzhen group (SSYZ), with also a normal control group (NC). After 4 weeks of treatment as indicated, the remnant nephrotic tissue was examined under optical and electron microscopes and by immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Malnutrition occurred in the CRF rats at the end of the 10th weeks after the operation. Compared with those in CC group, the plasma BUN, SCr and 24-h Upro levels in SSYZ group were significantly lower with substantially elevated plasma ALB and Hb. The pathological changes of SSYZ group was significantly improved after treatment with Shenshuai Yangzhen capsule.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shenshuai Yangzhen capsule can improve malnutrition and reduce renal damage in rats with renal insufficiency.</p>

Effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding human apM1 gene on proliferation and nitric oxide synthase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding human apM1 gene on proliferation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Protein expression of apM1 in cell culture supernatant of HUVECs transfected with human Ad-apM1 was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA. The effect of human adiponectin on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The total NOS and iNOS expressions were measured by chromatometre.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Human adiponectin protein level and total NOS and eNOS expressions were significant increased and iNOS expression significantly reduced in culture supernatant of HUVECs infected with Ad-apM1 compared to that in control HUVECs. The recombinant adenovirus had no influence on HUVECs growth as determined by MTT assay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human Ad-apM1 can be effectively expressed in HUVECs and do not influence HUVECs growth. Increased total NOS and eNOS expressions and decreased iNOS expression in HUVECs transfected with Ad-apM1 gene suggest a potential role of Ad-apM1 gene transfer for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis.</p>

Renal protective effect and its mechanism of sodium ferulate in diabetic rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the renal protective effect of sodium ferulate (SF) and its mechanism in rats with diabetic mellitus (DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DM rats induced by streptozotocin were treated with SF 110 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks. The ratio of kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), urinary protein/24 hrs, levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in renal cortex in rats were measured, the pathological change of kidney were observed and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and collagen IV (C-IV) in kidney were examined using immunohistochemical assay. The data obtained were compared with those obtained from untreated DM rats and normal rats respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal rats, in DM rats, Ccr, urinary protein/24 hrs, ET-1, expressions of TGF-beta 1 and C-IV were significantly increased in DM model rats (all P < 0.01), and significantly abnormal pathological change in kidney was found. While in the SF treated DM rats, the above-mentioned abnormal changes were all significantly improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SF has effect in protecting kidney of DM rats, the mechanism might be related with its actions of reducing ET-1 production in kidney and inhibiting the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and C-IV.</p>

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Genual Osteoarthritis By Needle-Warming Therapy plus Chinese Herbal Drugs / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Purpose: To observe the clinical effect of combination of acupuncture and Chinese herbal drugs for genual osteoarthritis. Methods: 138 cases of the patients were randomly divided into the treatment group of 85 cases treated by electric acupuncture and moxibustion plus Chinese herbal drugs and the control group of 53 cases treated by oral administration of medications. The patients stopped treatment for one month after the treatment for one month, then the therapeutic effects were observed and compared. Results: The total effective rate was 89.4% in the treatment group and 56.6% in the control group, with extremely significant difference (P ＜ 0.01) between the two groups.Conclusion: Electric acupuncture and moxibustion plus Chinese herbal drugs have a marked and irrefutable therapeutic effect on genual osteoarthritis.

Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid of APM1 gene and its expression In HEK 293 cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector with human adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 (APM1) gene,and to investigate the transfection and expression of pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid in HEK293 cells.Methods pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed by DNA recombinant method.Expression vector pCDEF-APM1 was transfected into HEK293 cells with Effectene reagent.The level of human adiponectin protein in the supernatant of cell culture media was detected with double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results The sequence of DNA fragment from constructed pCDEF-APM1 plasmid was identical to that published in GenBank.There was raised human adiponectin protein level in culture supernatant of HEK293 cells tnmsfected with pCDEF-APM1.Conclusion The pCDEF-APM1,an eukaryotic expression plasmid for APM1 gene is successfully constructed.High protein expression of adiponectin can be obtained in HEK293 cells transfected with pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid.