Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical and chemical components of Cinnamomum cassia seedlings / 中国中药杂志

Six month old Cinnamomum cassia seedlings were used to simulate drought stress with polyethylene glycol(PEG 6000). The physiological indicators(osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes, etc.) and chemical components of seedlings under different drought levels and the correlation between the two were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and relative water content decreased gradually with the increase of PGE 6000(0, 5%, 10%, 15%) concentration and time(3, 5, 7 d), while the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and catalase(CAT) activity increased, but the rising rate slowed down with the time. The activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline content increased at first and then decreased. The content of coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and dimethoxycinnamaldehyde decreased, while the content of cinnamyl alcohol continued to increase.Under drought stress, the fluorescence signals of reactive oxygen species and no contents in roots of C. cassia seedlings were significantly stronger than those of the control.Further correlation analysis showed that coumarin content, di-methoxycinnamaldehyde content and osmoregulation substance content were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.05), cinnamic acid content was significantly negatively correlated with POD and SOD activities(P<0.01).It was found that C. cassia seedlings showed a certain degree of drought tolerance under short-term or mild drought stress, but if the drought exceeded a certain degree, the physiological metabolism of the seedlings would be unbalanced.

Evaluation of Multidrug Resistant Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detecting the Drug Resistance of / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To evaluate multidrug resistant loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MDR-LAMP) assay for the early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and to compare the mutation patterns associated with the @*Methods@#MDR-LAMP assay was evaluated using 100 @*Results@#The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MDR-LAMP were 85.5%, 93.6%, 96.7%, and 74.4% for the detection of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively, and 80.5%, 92.3%, 98.6%, and 41.4% for the detection of @*Conclusion@#MDR-LAMP is a rapid and accessible assay for the laboratory identification of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of

Value of the combination of renal resistive index and central venous pressure to predict septic shock induced acute kidney injury / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore a better indicator that can predict septic shock induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by combining renal resistive index (RRI) and central venous pressure (CVP).Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted. Patients with septic shock admitted to department of critical care medicine of Hebei General Hospital from November 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled. Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, underlying diseases, infection sites, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) in the first 24-hour, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) were recorded; Doppler-based RRI was obtained on the first day when hemodynamics was relatively stable, meanwhile the dose of norepinephrine and hemodynamic parameters were assessed. Urine output per hour, the total duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and 28-day mortality were also collected. Observational end point was death at discharge or the 28th day after ICU admission, whenever which came first. The patients were divided into AKI and non-AKI groups according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Organization (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline. The baseline and prognostic indicators, variables potentially associated with AKI were compared between the two groups. The variables independently associated with septic shock induced AKI were identified using multivariable Logistic regression. The predictive value of RRI and RRI combining CVP for AKI were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 107 patients were enrolled, with 59 patients in AKI group and 48 patients in non-AKI group. There was significant difference in RRI, CVP, percentage of norepinephrine dosage ≥0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1, procalcitonin (PCT), lactate (Lac), and serum creatinine (SCr) between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that high CVP, RRI, Lac and PCT were independent risk factors for septic shock induced AKI [CVP: odds ratio ( OR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.03-1.40, P = 0.022; RRI: OR = 3.02, 95% CI was 2.64-3.48, P = 0.006; Lac: OR = 2.43, 95% CI was 1.32-4.50, P = 0.005; PCT: OR = 1.20, 95% CI was 1.05-1.38, P = 0.009]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) values of CVP≥9.5 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and RRI≥0.695 for predicting septic shock induced AKI were 0.656 and 0.662 respectively. The AUC value of the combination of RRI and CVP was greater compared with either RRI or CVP alone in predicting septic shock induced AKI, which AUC value was 0.712, 95% CI was 0.615-0.809, the sensitivity was 59% and the specificity was 75%. Conclusions:High CVP and RRI were independent risk factors for septic shock induced AKI. The combination of RRI and CVP performs poorly in predicting septic shock induced AKI. Further studies are needed to describe factors influencing Doppler-based assessment of RRI, which may help clinicians to prevent AKI early.

Aortic Dissection Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To explore the clinical characteristics of aortic dissection involved in coronary artery in order to avoid misdiagnosis，mistreatment，and take correct treatment methods in time.【Methods】Twelve cases of aortic dissection（AD）manifesting as acute myocardial infarction（AMI）were analyzed retrospectively and followed up.【Results】 A total of 12 cases were enrolled from 288 cases of AD patients，of which 2 cases（16.7%）were inferior wall myocardial infarction，1 cases（8.3%）were anterior wall myocardial infarction，9 cases（75%）were non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction，male patients was significantly predominant over female，leading to the male/female ratio of 3∶1，the age was 43~76（56.9±12.2）years. Up to 66.7% of patients had a history of hypertension. 11 patients（91.7%）were admitted to hospital for different degrees of chest pain，with back pain in 9 cases（75%），syncope in 4 cases（33.3%），hypotension in 6 cases（50%），and irritability in 7 cases（58.3%）. All the myocardial enzymes were positive in the laboratory and significantly elevated D-dimer；3 cases were performed coronary arteriography but not found the opening of coronary artery. AD was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography and chest CTA. 3 cases of surgery were performed，1 cases failed and died within 24 hours，and 2 cases were successful. The average follow-up 5 hours to 12 months，2 cases survived and the remaining 10 cases died.【Conclusions】Myocardial infarction caused by aortic dissection is rare in clinic ，but it has critical and high mortality rate，and it is easily misdiagnosed，with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and timely operation can improve the prognosis. In the case of AMI with back pain，irritability，and abnormal rise of D two polymer，the disease should be highly suspected.

Mechanism of simvastatin-induced improvement of permeability of pulmonary microcirculation in septic rats: the relationship with VEGF-α / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of simvastatin-induced improvement of permeability of pulmonary microcirculation and vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGF-oα) in septic rats.Methods Eighty clean-grade healthy female Wistar rats,aged 49-63 days,weighing 200-250 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table method:control group (group C,n =8),sham operation group (group Sham,n =24),sepsis group (group Sep,n =24) and simvastatin group (group S,n =24).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in anesthetized rats.Simvastatin 20 mg/kg was injected to the stomach once a day for two weeks before CLP in group S,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other groups.Rats were sacrificed after anesthesia in group C,and 8 rats selected at 6,24 and 48 h after CLP were sacrificed after anesthesia in the other three groups,and blood samples and lung specimens were collected.The concentrations of VEGF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was determined,and the expression of VEGF-α in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with group C,W/D ratio was significantly increased,the expression of VEGF-α was up-regulated,and the concentrations of serum ICAM-1 were increased in Sep and S groups,the concentration of serum VEGF-α was increased in group Sep (P＜0.05),no significant change was found in serum VEGF-α concentrations in group S,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Sham (P＞0.05).Compared with group Sep,W/D ratio was significantly decreased,the expression of VEGF-α was down-regulated,and the concentrations of serum VEGF-α and ICAM-1 were decreased in group S (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which simvastatin improves permeability of pulmonary microcirculationis associated with the decreased level of VEGF-α in local lung tissues and peripheral blood of septic rats.

Value of bedside lung ultrasound for diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome and for assess-ment of the severity / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of bedside lung ultrasound for diagnosis of acute re-spiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS) and for assessment of the severity. Methods Fifty patients of both se-xes suspected of having ARDS ( oxygenation index＜300 mmHg) and required lung CT tests and Pulse Indi-cator Continuous Cardiac Output because of their condition, aged 18-80 yr, were selected. At 24 h after entering ICU, chest CT, lung ultrasound and arterial blood gas analysis were performed to record Extravas-cular Lung Water Index ( EVLWI) and the number of B lines, and lung injury ultrasound score and oxygen-ation index were calculated. The patients diagnosed with ARDS by chest CT and lung ultrasound were divid-ed into 3 groups: mild group ( 200 mmHg＜oxygenation index≤300 mmHg) , moderate group ( 100 mmHg＜oxygenation index≤200 mmHg) and severe group ( oxygenation index≤100 mmHg) . Kappa consistency a-nalysis was used to assess the consistency between lung ultrasound and chest CT in diagnosis of ARDS. The receiver operating characteristic curves of th number of B lines, EVLWI and lung injury ultrasound score in assessing the severity of ARDS were drawn, and the area under the curve and 95％ confidence interval ( CI) , critical value, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Forty-six patients were diag-nosed as having ARDS by both chest CT and lung ultrasound. There was good consistency ( Kappa value 0. 648, P＜0. 01) between chest CT and lung ultrasound in diagnosis of ARDS. There was good consistency ( Kappa value 0. 788, P＜0. 01) between lung ultrasound and chest CT in diagnosis of pulmonary consolida-tion. Lung ultrasound and chest CT were in good agreement ( Kappa value 0. 825, P＜0. 01) with each oth-er in diagnosis of pulmonary consolidation in the posterior region. Compared with mild group, the lung inju-ry ultrasound score was significantly increased, and the number of B lines was increased in moderate group, and the lung injury ultrasound score and EVLWI were significantly increased, and the number of B lines was increased in severe group ( P＜0. 05) . Compared with moderate group, the lung injury ultrasound score and EVLWI were significantly increased, and the number of B lines was increased in severe group ( P＜0. 05) . The area under the curve ( 95％ CI ) of the number of B lines in diagnosing severe ARDS was 0. 915 ( 0. 905-0. 935 ) , and the critical value, sensitivity and specificity were 15. 5, 78. 9％ and 85. 2％, respectively. The area under the curve ( 95％ CI) of lung injury ultrasound score in diagnosing severe ARDS was 0. 856 (0. 833-0. 878), and the critical value, sensitivity and specificity were 25. 5, 73. 7％ and 82. 5％, respectively. The area under the curve (95％ CI) of EVLWI in diagnosing severe ARDS was 0. 907 ( 0. 888-0. 933) , and the critical value, sensitivity and specificity were 15. 5, 73. 7％and 92. 6％, respectively. Conclusion Lung ultrasound can be used for diagnosis of ARDS and for evalu-ation of the severity of ARDS.

Efficacy of cardiopulmonary ultrasound in guiding volume therapy in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of cardiopulmonary ultrasound in guiding volume ther-apy in the patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Methods Thirty-eight patients of both sexes with septic myocardial injury, aged 28-64 yr, weighing 60-90 kg, received anti-infection, respiratory and circulatory comprehensive treatment. The patients were divided into group Ⅰ ( n=19) and group Ⅱ(n=19) by using a random number table method. Central venous pressure (CVP) was used to guide vol-ume therapy, and fluid replacement was carried out using the CVP 2-5 principle in groupⅠ. Cardiopulmo-nary ultrasound was used to guide volume therapy in group Ⅱ. Blood samples were taken before volume therapy and on 1, 3 and 5 days after volume therapy to determine the concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum. The CVP, positive fluid balance, lactic acid, central venous oxygen saturation and urine volume were recorded at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after volume therapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction was recorded at 1, 3 and 5 days after vol-ume therapy. The length of intensive care unit stay and 28-day fatality were recorded. Results Compared with groupⅠ, the CVP and fluid positive balance were significantly decreased at each time point after vol-ume therapy, the concentration of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was decreased at 5 days after volume therapy ( P<0. 05) , and no significant difference was found in concentrations of cardiac tropo-nin I and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum, lactic acid, central venous oxygen saturation and urine volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, length of intensive care unit stay or 28-day fatality rate at each time point in groupⅡ( P>0. 05) . Conclusion Cardiopulmonary ultrasound can reduce the volume of liq-uid infused, avoid fluid overload and avoid accentuating myocardial injury when used to guide volume thera-py in the patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury.

The activation of inflammasome and non-viral liver disease / 医学研究生学报

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense danger signals from damaged cells or pathogens and assemble to mediate the activation of caspase-1, which proteolytically activates the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18.Uniquely, inflammasome activation needs two steps to induce inflammation.Its activation has been studied in human and different experimental liver diseases and demonstrated to have effects on hepatocyte damage, immune cell activation and amplification of liver inflammation.In this review, inflammasome and their functions in variant liver diseases (especially ALD, NASH, ischemia-reperfusion liver injury) will be discussed in detail.These findings could help us deepen our understanding about these diseases, and provide new clues to the therapy of them in clinical practice.

Humanistic Connotation of Medical Drama and Its Enlightenment to Nurses / 中国医学伦理学

At present,domestic medical drama has entered a period of rapid development,and has widespread attention.Medical drama is not only an industry play,but also a soul drama;not only fully demonstrates the medical staff's practice situation,but also more profound humanistic connotation.This paper analyzed the humanistic connotation of current domestic medical drama from four aspects of public understanding of medicine,metaphor of human nature and life motif,professionalism and realistic dilemma and humanistic care,and put forward the enlightenment to nurses.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of vulnerable plaques in an atherosclerotic rabbit model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Noninvasive detection of vulnerable plaque has a significant implication for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between vulnerable plaques and stable plaques in magnetic resonance (MR) images.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Atherosclerosis was induced in twenty male New Zealand white rabbits by high cholesterol diet and balloon injury of the abdominal aorta. After baseline (pre-triggering) MR imaging (MRI) scan, the rabbits underwent pharmaceutical triggering with Russell's viper venom and histamine to induce atherothrombosis, followed by another MRI scan 48 hours later (post-triggering). Rabbits were euthanized to obtain pathological and histological data. The results of MRI were compared with those of pathology and histology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MRI showed that abdominal aorta of the rabbits had pathological change of atherosclerosis in different degrees. Seventy-five plaques were analysed, among which 14 had vulnerable thrombi and 61 stable. Thrombosis was identified in 7 of 11 rabbits by post-triggering MRI, the sensitivity and K value of MR in detection of vulnerable plaque was 71% and 0.803 (P < 0.05). MRI data significantly correlated with the histopathological data in fibrous cap thickness (r = 0.749) plaque area (r = 0.853), lipid core area (r = 0.900). Compared with stable plaques, vulnerable plaques had a significantly thinner fibrous cap ((0.58 ± 0.27) mm vs. (0.95 ± 0.22) mm), larger lipid core area ((7.56 ± 2.78) mm(2) vs. (3.29 ± 1.75) mm(2)), and a higher ratio of lipid core area/plaque area ((55 ± 16)% vs. (27 ± 17)%), but plaque area was comparable in two groups on MRI. The ratio of lipid core area/plaque area was a strong predictor of vulnerable plaques.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI could distinguish vulnerable plaques from stable plaques in a rabbit model of atherothrombosis and may thus be useful as a noninvasive modality for detection of vulnerable plaques in humans.</p>

Effect of bortezomib and low concentration cytarabine on apoptosis in U937 cell line / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the effect of bortezomib and low concentration cytarabine (Ara-C) on proliferation and apoptosis in U937 cell line and its mechanism. The proliferation and apoptosis of U937 cells treated with bortezomib (10 nmol/L) and(or) Ara-C (50 nmol/L) were observed by cell count, cell morphology, flow cytometry and Western blot. The results showed that bortezomib and Ara-C alone inhibited U937 cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect was enhanced by combination of these two drugs, the inhibitory rates of U937 cell proliferation were (55.00 ± 2.81)% and (70.02 ± 3.33)% after treatment for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Bortezomib and Ara-C synergistically induced apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in U937 cells. The percentage of Rhodamin123 positive cells was (38.70 ± 1.54)%. Bortezomib and Ara-C also synergistically induced activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3. It is concluded that the bortezomib and low concentration Ara-C synergistically induced apoptosis in U937 cells, mainly through mitochondrial pathway, and possibly through death receptor pathway.

Mechanism of apoptosis synergistically induced by bortezomib combined with cytarabine in U937 cell line / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to further explore the apoptosis-inducing effect of bortezomib combined with cytarabine (Ara-C) on U937 cell line. Proliferation and apoptosis in U937 cells treated with bortezomib and/or Ara-C were assessed by cell count. Cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production level were measured by using flow cytometry. Cell signaling pathway related to apoptosis was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that 10 nmol/L bortezomib combined with 50 nmol/L Ara-C significantly inhibited U937 cell proliferation. These two drug combination synergistically induced apoptosis in U937 cells, significantly increased cellular ROS level, and up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated form of JNK and P38 and down-regulated phosphorylation of ERK. It is concluded that the apoptosis of U937 cells synergistically induced by bortezomib combined with low concentration Ara-C is possibly associated with up-regulation of phosphorylated form of JNK, P38 and down-regulation of phosphorylation of ERK induced by increase of ROS, resulting in decrease of mitochondrial potential.

The cerebral MRI findings in patients with acquired hepatocerebral degeneration / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To describe the MRI findings in patients with Acquired hepatiocerbral Degeneration(AHCD) and evaluate the role of MRI in dignosis of AHCD. Methods 26 patients with chornic hepatic failure under went brain MRI scan. Eight of these patients had abdominal MR digital subtract angiography(MRDSA) examnation. 25 patients had plasma ammonia levels test two weeks after MR exmnation. Results 22 patients had abnormal MRI findings, T 1WI demonstrated incresed signal in the globus pallidus (22/26), putmen (4/26), mesencephalon surrounding red nucleus(15/26),and in the anterior pituitary (12/26). While T 2WI demonstraied no corresponding alteration in signal intensity. Eight patients which had MRDSA showed obvious portal systemic shunts. There was positive correlation between plasam ammonia level and abnormal signal( r = 0.521 6, P