Influencia de la modalidad de respuesta, edad y nivel de educación en el cuestionario internacional de síntomas prostáticos (IPSS) / Influence of the response modality, age and level of education in the international prostate symptoms questionnaire (IPSS)

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la influencia de la modalidad de respuesta (paciente vs. asistido por urólogo) en el cuestionario IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) y su relación con la edad y nivel de educación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Análisis prospectivo de 74 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de urología por síntomas de Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB) con o sin tratamiento para su patología y que no hayan completado anteriormente el cuestionario internacional de síntomas prostáticos (IPSS). Los cuestionarios fueron completados en la misma consulta urológica, primero por el paciente y luego con ayuda del urólogo. Se categorizó por edad y nivel de educación. Se evaluó la diferencia entre los puntajes de IPSS obtenidos con la forma autocompletada y con asistencia del urólogo y si esta diferencia estaba relacionada con la edad y con el nivel de educación. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando test no paramétrico para datos apareados de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el cuestionario completado por el paciente y el asistido por el urólogo. La media del score total fue de 13,66, y 13,67, respectivamente (p: 0.86). Al analizar los subgrupos, con respecto a la edad y al nivel de educación, tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: en nuestra población de estudio, el cuestionario IPSS no fue influenciado por la modalidad de administración, tampoco por la edad ni por el nivel de educación.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the influence of the response modality (patient vs. urologist-assisted) in the IPSS questionnaire (international prostate symptom score) and its relationship with age and education level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of 74 patients who came to the urology clinic for symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) with or without treatment for their pathology and who have not previously completed the international prostate symptoms questionnaire (IPSS). The questionnaires were completed in the same urological consultation, first by the patient and then with the help of the urologist. It was categorized by age and education level. The difference between the IPSS scores obtained with the self-completed form and with the assistance of the urologist and whether this difference was related to age and level of education was evaluated. The data were analyzed using non-parametric test for paired Wilcoxon data. RESULTS: no statistically significant difference was found between the questionnaire completed by the patient and the one assisted by the urologist. The average of the total score was 13.66, and 13.67, respectively (p: 0.86). When analyzing the subgroups, regarding age and level of education, no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: In our study population, the IPSS questionnaire was not influenced by the modality of administration, neither by age nor by level of education.

Carcass characteristics, physicochemical changes and oxidative stress indicators of meat from sheep fed diets with coffee pulp / Características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas e indicadores de estresse oxidativo de carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas com polpa de café

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P<0.05). The inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet did not alter the amount of crude protein or fat in meat or its oxidation and antioxidant capacity during refrigerated storage. However, the inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet decreased fat in the rumen and intestines, and thus increased the amount of usable meat.

Objetivou-se determinar características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas, capacidade antioxidante e de oxidação da carne de ovinos alimentados com polpa de café, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento foi realizado com 15 cordeiros Blackbelly com um peso médio de 22,86 ± 0,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: T0=dieta controle, T1=dieta com 8% de polpa de café e T2=dieta com polpa de café de 16%. Depois de 56 dias de engorda, cordeiros foram abatidos, e a carcaça avaliada. Inclusão de polpa de café de 16% na dieta aumentou o rendimento de carcaça de 48.19 para 50.83% e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos de 3.43 para 2.53% (P<0,05). A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta não alterou a proteína ou a gordura na carne nem a oxidação e a capacidade antioxidante durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de cordeiros diminui a gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos e aumenta a quantidade de carne na carcaça.

Carcass characteristics, physicochemical changes and oxidative stress indicators of meat from sheep fed diets with coffee pulp / Características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas e indicadores de estresse oxidativo de carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas com polpa de café

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P<0.05). The inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet did not alter the amount of crude protein or fat in meat or its oxidation and antioxidant capacity during refrigerated storage. However, the inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet decreased fat in the rumen and intestines, and thus increased the amount of usable meat...

Objetivou-se determinar características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas, capacidade antioxidante e de oxidação da carne de ovinos alimentados com polpa de café, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento foi realizado com 15 cordeiros Blackbelly com um peso médio de 22,86 ± 0,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: T0=dieta controle, T1=dieta com 8% de polpa de café e T2=dieta com polpa de café de 16%. Depois de 56 dias de engorda, cordeiros foram abatidos, e a carcaça avaliada. Inclusão de polpa de café de 16% na dieta aumentou o rendimento de carcaça de 48.19 para 50.83% e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos de 3.43 para 2.53% (P<0,05). A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta não alterou a proteína ou a gordura na carne nem a oxidação e a capacidade antioxidante durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de cordeiros diminui a gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos e aumenta a quantidade de carne na carcaça...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot antibody determination in sera from patients diagnosed with different helminthic infections with Anisakis simplex antigen purified by affinity chromatography

An evaluation of the sensitivity and the specificity of the Anisakis simplex antigens purified by affinity chromatography was performed using sera from patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation and sera from patients previously diagnosed with different helminthic infections. Only the sera of the patients diagnosed with Schistosoma mansoni or Onchocerca volvulus parasitic infections were negative against the A. simplex antigen and its purified fractions (PAK antigen: A. simplex antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-A. simplex rabbit IgG and PAS antigen: PAK antigen purified using columns prepared with anti-Ascaris suum rabbit IgG). However all the sera were positive against the A. suum antigen. In all the sera from the patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation, the antibody levels detected using the purified antigens (PAK and PAS antigens) were lower than the observed using the A. simplex crude extract with the highest diminution in the case of the IgG. When these same sera were tested against the A. simplex crude extract by Western blot, several bands of high molecular masses were observed as well as, intense bands at 60 and/or 40 kDa. A concentration of these last proteins was observed in the PAK and the PAS antigens. When the sensitivity and the specificity determinations were performed, only seven of the 38 patients diagnosed of Anisakis sensitisation were positive, as well as, the sera from the patients diagnosed with parasitisms by Echinococcus granulosus or Fasciola hepatica.

Humoral immune responses induced by Kudoa sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) antigens in BALB/c mice

The majority of Kudoa species infect the somatic muscle of fish establishing cysts. As there is no effective method to detect infected fish without destroying them these parasited fish reach the consumer. This work was developed to determine whether this parasite contains antigenic compounds capable of provoking an immune response in laboratory animals, in order to consider the possible immunopathological effects in man by the ingestion of Kudoa infected fish. BALB/c mice were injected by the subcutaneous route with the following extracts suspended in aluminium hydroxide: group 1 (black Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract), group 2 (white Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract), and group 3 (non-infected hake meat extract). Specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA against homologous and heterologous antigens. The highest responses were obtained from the black Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract (group 1).The low optic density levels detected in group 3 proved that the results obtained in groups 1 and 2 were a consequence of the parasitic extract injection. The IgG1 was the predominant subclass. IgE detected in groups 1 and 2 showed the possible allergenic nature of some of the components of the parasitic extract. High IgA levels and medium IgG2a and IgG3 levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Low IgG2b responses were shown. No cross-reactions between Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extracts and the non-infected hake meat extract were observed

Evaluation by ELISA of Anisakis simplex larval antigen purified by affinity chromatography

In order to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the techniques for the human anisakidosis diagnosis, a method of affinity chromatography for the purification of species-specific antigens from Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (L3) has been developed. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with A. simplex or Ascaris suum antigens or inoculated with Toxocara canis embryonated eggs. The IgG specific antibodies were isolated by means of protein A-Sepharose CL-4B beads columns. IgG anti-A. simplex and -A. suum were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. For the purification of the larval A. simplex antigens, these were loaded into the anti-A. simplex column and bound antigens eluted. For the elimination of the epitopes responsible for the cross-reactions, the A. simplex specific proteins were loaded into the anti-A. suum column. To prove the specificity of the isolated proteins, immunochemical analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were carried out. Further, we studied the different responses by ELISA to the different antigenic preparations of A. simplex used, observing their capability of discriminating among the different antisera raised in rabbits (anti-A. simplex, anti-A. suum, anti-T. canis). The discriminatory capability with the anti-T. canis antisera was good using the larval A. simplex crude extract (CE) antigen. When larval A. simplex CE antigen was loaded into a CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled to IgG from rabbits immunized with A. simplex CE antigen, its capability for discriminate between A. simplex and A. suum was improved, increasing in the case of T. canis. The best results were obtained using larval A. simplex CE antigen loaded into a CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled to IgG from rabbits immunized with adult A. suum CE antigen. When we compared the different serum dilution and antigenic concentration, we selected the working serum dilution of 1/400 and 1 µg/ml of antigenic concentration

Nefrocalcinosis en recién nacidos prematuros

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la incidencia de nefrocalcinosis en recién nacidos de pretérmino y y determinar la utilidad de la relación calciuria/creatinuria como predictor diagnóstico. Un total de 124 recién nacidos con edad gestacional igual o menor a 32 semanas fueron agrupados en dos categorías. Un grupo de estudio de 53 pacientes con factores de riesgo conocidos ara el desarrollo de nefrocalcinosis (oxigenoterapia, uso de furosemida y nutrición parenteral prolongadas) y un grupo control de 71 pacientes sin factores de riesgo. ambos fueron estudiados por índices calciuria/creatinuria (muestras aisladas de orina los días 15, 21 y 30 de vida). Se definió hipercalciuria como un valor igual o mayor a 0,5 de índice calciuria/creatinuria presente al menos en dos muestras aisladas de orina. Se realizó estudio ecográfico entre los dos y tres meses de vida. El 15,3 porciento de los pacientes presentó nefrocalcinosis. el grupo con factores de tiesgo presenta 35,8 porciento de nefrocalcinosis y los valores de calciuria/creatinuria fueron 0,87, o.96 y 1,04. En el grupo control los valores de calciuria/creatinuria fueron 0,37, 0,30 y 0,29 no presentando casos de nefrocalcinosis. La diferencia entre ambos grupos es estadísticamente significativa (p<0,01). La presencia de hipercalciuria se relaciona con el diagnostico de nefrocalcinosis, presentando valor predictivo positivo de 38 porciento y valor predictivo negativo de 100 porciento. La incidencia de nefrocalcinosis es comparable con series clínicas publicadas. Parece adecuado el estudio de pacientes con factores de riesgo por medio de calciuria/creatinuria realizando seguimietno ecográfico de pacientes con hipercalciuria.

Isotype specific immune responses in murine experimental toxocariasis

In this work, a murine experimental model of toxocariasis has been developed in BALB/c, C57BL/10 and C3H murine strains orally inoculated with 4,000 Toxocara canis embryonated eggs, in order to investigate the isotype-specific immune responses against excretory-secretory antigens from larvae. T. canis specific IgG+M, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 were tested by ELISA. The dynamics of the specific immunoglobulins (IgG+IgM) production showed a contrasting profile regarding the murine strain. Conversely to the results obtained with the IgM isotype, the IgG antibody class showed similar patterns to those obtained with IgG+IgM antibodies, only in the case of the BALB/c strain, being different and much higher than the obtained with IgG+IgM antibodies, when the C3H murine strain was used. The antibodies IgG+IgM tested in BALB/c and C57BL/10 were both of the IgM and IgG isotypes. Conversely, in the C3H strain only IgG specific antibody levels were detected. The IgG1 subclass responses showed a similar profile in the three murine strains studied, with high values in BALB/c, as in the case of the IgG responses

Nefrocalcinosis en recién nacidos prematuros / Nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la incidencia de nefrocalcinosis en recién nacidos de pretérmino y determinar la utilidad de la relación calciuria/creatininuria como predictor diagnóstico. Un total de 124 recién nacidos con edad gestacional igual o menor a 32 semanas fueron agrupados en dos categorías. Un grupo de estudio de 53 pacientes con factores de riesgo conocidos para el desarrollo de nefrocalcinosis (oxigenoterapia, uso de furosemida y nutrición parenteral prolongadas) y un grupo control de 71 pacientes sin factores de riesgo. Ambos fueron estudiados por índice calciuria/creatininuria (muestras aisladas de orina los días 15, 21 y 30 de vida). Se definió hipercalciuria como un valor igual o mayor a 0,5 de índice calciuria/creatininuria presente al menos en dos muestras aisladas de orina. Se realizó estudio ecográfico entre los dos y tres meses de vida. El 15,3 por ciento de los pacintes presentó nefrocalcinosis. El grupo con factores de riesgo presenta 35,8 por ciento de nefrocalcinosis y los valores de calciuria/creatininuria fueron 0,87, 0,96 y 1,04. En el grupo control de valores de calciuria/creatininuria fueron 0,37, 0,30 y 0,29 no presentando casos de nefrocalcinosis. La diferencia entre ambos grupos es estadísticamente significativa (p<0,01). La presencia de hipercalciuria se relaciona con el diagnóstico de nefrocalcinosis, presentando valor predictivo positivo de 38 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo de 100 por ciento. La incidencia de nefrocalcinosis es comparable con series clínicas publicadas. Parece adecuado el estudio de pacientes con factores de riesgo por medio de calciuria/creatininuria realizando seguimiento ecográfico de pacientes con hipercalciuria

Colecistectomía laparoscópica: primera experiencia en Colombia / Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: first experience in Colombia

Se presenta la primera experiencia en Colombia de 60 casos de colecistectomia laparoscopica, realizados del 26 de enero al 23 de mayo de 1991 en la Clinica del Country de Bogota. Se intervinieron 47 mujeres y 13 hombres, con edades entre 19 y 81 años; 52 casos de cirugia programada y 8 de urgencia. Fue necesario laparotomizar una paciente de 73 años, que en la laparoscopia resulto ser tecnicamente imposible por la presencia de piocolecisto, y en otro caso por la comprobacion de una fistula colecistocoledociana. Se evidenciaron variantes anatómicas en 10 casos. En la anatomia patologica se describieron 50 colecistitis cronicas, 10 con colesterolosis asociada; 8 con colecistitis agudas, 1 caso de colesterolosis pura (pólipo), y 1 caso con adenomiosis; exceptuando estos dos ultimas casos, todos los demás presentaban colelitiasis. No se presentaron complicaciones mayores. La morbilidad estuvo representada por 2 casos de dolor abdominal prolongado que respondieron a analgesicos comunes; fiebre posoperatoria transitoria en 1 caso; 1 infección de la herida; 1 retencion urinaria posoperatoria; 1 hematoma de pared; y 2 pacientes con enfisema subcutáneo. No hubo mortalidad en esta serie. Las principales dificultades tecnicas fueron la reseccion de las vesículas que contenian cálculos grandes en su interior, y el desprendimiento de algunas de ellas de localización intrahepática. La aceptacion del procedimiento por parte de los pacientes ha sido muy satisfactoria y los resultados son promisorios.

Estado de salud de ninos escolares del barrio Santa Rosita Santa Cruz-Bolivia / Condition of health of the school children of distric Santa Rosita Santa Cruz Bolivia

Para llegar a un diagnostico del estado de salud de los escolares de villa Santa Rosita, Barrio periferico de Santa Cruz de la Sierra donde se lleva a cabo un programa de medicina integral, se hizo un estudio clinico nutricional dental, hematologico y parasitologico de los escolares de la escuelay colegio F. Kennedy ubicado en el mismo banco. Se observo que no presentan actualmente una morbilidad importante por desnutricion siendo la talla la mas llamativa. La tasa de prevalencia de xeroftalmia fue de 0,16% lo mismo que de arriboflavinosis. La presencia de bocios visibles (grados II y III) fue de 4% siendo en las mujeres mas frecuentes. El 76,4 % no presentaron anemia y esta estaba en relacion con la intensidad de infeccion ancylostomidae SP. Clinicamente el 81,9 % no presentaron lesiones dermatologicas. El 7,8 tenian escablosis 6 % micosis y 4.3 % piodermitis. La tasa global de prevalencia de parasitosis fue de 98.1 % las especies mas frecuentes fueron T.t.ichiura 87,4 % A. lumbricoides 62,6% el promedio de numero de especies por muestra fue 3.1 de helmintos 2,5 y de protozoarios 0,6. La caries dental constituye un problema muy importante, el indice CPO es de 6,3 en varones y 7,2 en mujeres siendo el componente "C" (caries) el que predomina. Estos estan relacionados con la deficiente higiene dental observada.

Factores condicionantes de la transmision de la enfermedades de chagas en Gutierrez e Ipita, Chaco Boliviano / Factors conditionings of the transmission of the chagas disease in Gutierrez and Ipita, chaco boliviano

En Gutierrez e Ipita se llevo a cabo una investigacion epidemiologica de los factores condicionantes de la transmision chagasica en nucleos familiares con ninos menores de 5 anos. En base al criterio de la posibilidad serologica (HAI). Se dividio la poblacion en 2 grupos con y sin ninos HAI pasitivos. En ambos grupos se encontro una diferencia en relacion al grado de infestacion de la vivienda y al grado de infeccion de triatominas tanto en general como en aquellas capturadas en la cama. A traves de acciones de salud (mejoramiento del hogar, higiene, educacion sanitarial), se podra estimular el control empirico que hacen los habitantes de esta area endemica.