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Objective To investigate the changes of corneal biomechanics of intrastromal correction (INTRACOR) femtosecond technique to treat presbyopia.Methods A prospective,clinical self-control clinical trial was designed.Twenty-four presbyopic patients with emmetropia or mild hyperopia were enrolled in this study.The INTRACOR procedure was performed using the Technolas femtosecond laser in the nondominant eye.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) and spherical equivalent (SE) were recorded in preoperation and postoperative 12 months,and the quality of life of postoperative patients was evaluated.The corneal deformation parameters including highest concavity deformation amplitude (HC-DA),highest concavity peak distance (HC-PD),highest concavity radius (HC-R),non-contact intraocular pressure and the central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using the Corvis ST visualization biomechanical analyzer in preoperation and postoperative 1 month,3,6 and 12 months,respectively.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering study cohort.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.SDZYYDXYKYYLL2011.06).Results Compared with preoperation,UCNVA of all 24 (100％) eyes was improved at 12 months postoperatively with minimal or no change in UCDVA.The mean spherical equivalent was (+0.35± 0.29)D and (-0.37 ± 0.29)D before and 12 months after operation,with a significant difference beteeen them (t=-7.39,P＜0.01).No significant differences were seen in the intraocular pressure,CCT and HC-PD values between preoperation and postoperative 1 month,3,6,12 months (F =1.273,1.347,2.434;all at P ＞ 0.05).Compared with preoperation,the postoperative 1 month,3,6,12 months HC-R values were significantly declined,HC-DA values were significantly increased,with significant differences between them (all at P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found in HC-R and HC-DA between the postoperative adjacent time points (all at P＞0.05).Corneal aspherical index (Q Value) was-0.28±t0.10 at 12 months postoperatively,which was increased compared with the preoperation,and the maximum value added value (diff-K) of the central corneal curvature was (2.55±0.81)D.Conclusions INTRACOR treatment of presbyopia can effectively improve near vision,increase postoperative corneal biomechanical maximum HC-R and HC-DA,negatively increase the corneal central curvature increased aspheric index,which suggests that corneal biomechanics of central cornea is weakened after intrastromal femtosecond presbyopic treatment,and the hyperprolate mutifocal corneal shape is formed under normal intraocular pressure.
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Objective To explore the rule of the Nrf2-ARE in renal interstitial fibrosis and the mechanism of butylphthalide on renal protective effect.Methods Seventy-two male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups,Sham group,UUO group,NBP group,ACEI group.The Sham group and UUO group were gavaged with physiological saline.The NBP group was gavaged with butylphthalide.The ACEI group was gavaged with benazepril.After 3,7,14 days,6 mice were executed and collection of kidney tissue.The expression of Nrf2,γ-GCS and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by immunohistochemisty,RT-PCR and Western blot.The correlation of Nrf2 and γ-GCS was assessmented by linear regression.Results The expression of type Ⅰ collagen in UUO group was increased compared with the Sham group,However,the expression of Type Ⅰ collagen in NBP group or ACEI group were reduced compared with the UUO group.Compared with Sham group,the expression of Nrf2mRNA,γ-GCSmRNA and type Ⅰ collagen mRNA in uuogroup were increased in 3,7,14 days after surgery.Compared with UUO group at 7th,14u day,the lelve of Nrf2 mRNA were apparently increased in NBP group (P＜0.05).It was a positive correlation between the Nrf2 and γ-GCS and negative correlation between the γ-GCS and Type Ⅰ collagen.Conclusion The renal protective effect of butylphthalide in the renal interstitial fibrosis was more predominant than benazepril.The roles maybe occurred through increased the expression of Nrf2 and γ-GCS and alleviated the expression of Type Ⅰ collagen in nephridial tissue.
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Objective To explore the impact of different doses of butylphthalide on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with obstructive nephropathy, and to discuss the correlation between Nrf-2 expression level and renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods Totally 72 male CD-1 mice of clean grade were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups:sham operation group (Sham), model group (UUO), low dose of butylphthalide group (NBPL) and high dose of butylphthalide group (NBPH). In addition to the control group, UUO model was established in other three groups. NBPL group was given NBP 150 mg/(kg· d) by gavage since postoperative day 1,NBPH group was given NBP 220 mg/(kg·d) by gavage. Sham group and UUO group were given equal volume of saline by gavage. Six mice were sacrificed at the third, 7th, 14th day, respectively. The obstructive renal tissue was selected for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. The expression levels of Nrf- 2 and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by Western blot assay. Results The IOD value of type Ⅰ collagen was increased with time in UUO group, and which showed a gradual decreasing trend in Sham group, NBPL group and NBPH group (P<0.05). The IOD values at different time points were significantly higher in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared to those of Sham group. The IOD values were significantly decreased in NBPL and NBPH groups than that of UUO group, and IOD value was lower in NBPH group than that of NBPL group (P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that IOD values of Nrf-2 and type Ⅰ collagen at 7 d and 14 d were increased in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared with those of Sham group. The IOD values of Nrf-2 protein were increased, and IOD values of type Ⅰcollagen were decreased, in NBPL group and NBPH group than those of UUO group. The IOD value of Nrf-2 protein was decreased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group, but the IOD value of type Ⅰcollagen was increased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group (P<0.05). Conclusion NBP can improve renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice, which may be related with the increased expression of Nrf-2 and the down-regulated expression of type I collagen.
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Objective To study on the possible mechanism of butylphthalide delaying renal fibrosis of mice with obstructive nephropathy. Methods Totally 72 male CD-1 mice of clean grade were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups: sham operation group (Sham), model group (UUO), control group (ACEI) and treatment group (NBP). The mice in the control group (ACEI) and the treatment group (NBP) were given benazepril and butylphthalide by gavage, and the mice in sham operation group (Sham) and model group (UUO) were given normal saline by gavage. Six mice were sacrificed at the third, 7th, 14th day, respectively. The obstructive renal tissue was selected for immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Results (1)With the longer time of ureteral obstruction, the expression of Nrf-2 was gradually strengthened in time-dependent manner;(2)Compared with the model group, the levels of Nrf-2 and γ-GCS in butylphthalide group were significantly increased, and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression of Nrf-2 and γ-GCS in each time points was stronger than that in the benazepril group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that: there was a positive correlation between Nrf-2 and γ-GCS (r = 0.930) and a negative correlation between Nrf-2 and the expression level of type Ⅰ collagen(r = -0.859). Conclusion Butylphthalide can relieve renal interstitial injury caused by oxidative stress and delay the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis by activation of Nrf-2 pathway and up-regulated expression ofγ-GCS.