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Background: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is more common in men when compared with women and women after menopause are at high risk of MI. This gender difference in CVD risk might be because of the difference in the circulating estrogen levels in men and women. Dyslipidemia is also one of the major causes of MI. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of serum estradiol and serum lipids in newly diagnosed male MI cases and to find out any correlation between these two.Methods: The study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed MI admitted in Cardiology department Narayana general hospital and Medical College, Nellore. Only males were included in the study. Fifty age and sex-matched healthy individuals were selected as controls. Lipid levels are estimated by endpoint colorimetric assay (HUMANSTAR kit) and estradiol was estimated by Chemiluminance immune assay (CLIA).Results: Significantly raised levels of estradiol (p-value <0.0001) and low HDL cholesterol (p-value =0.0085) levels were noticed among the cases compared to controls. No significant correlation was observed between estradiol and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL).Conclusions: The results of the present study in acute MI compared to controls show hyper estrogenemia in Male MI cases, which may be the underlying cause for thrombosis in acute MI. Decreased levels of HDL cholesterol are observed in the MI cases which are known to increase the risk of Atherosclerosis. No significant correlation were noticed between Estradiol and HDL cholesterol in men with acute MI.
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Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis leading to AMI is the most common and severe clinical manifestation observed. Dyslipidemia is one of main traditional risk factor for MI, but in more than 50% of CHD events dyslipidemia was absent. Atherosclerosis is considered as both a chronic inflammatory condition and a disorder of lipid metabolism. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol) and hs-CRP an inflammatory marker in newly diagnosed AMI cases and to find out any correlation between these two.Methods: The study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed myocardial infarction cases, admitted in Cardiology Department Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Both the sexes were included. Fifty age and sex matched healthy individuals were selected as controls. Lipid levels are estimated by end point colorimetric assay (HUMANSTAR kit) and hs-CRP was estimated by immunofluorescence technique (Boditechkit).Results: Significant raised levels of hs-CRP (p value <0.0001) and low HDL cholesterol (p value =0.0085) levels among the cases was noticed. A significant positive correlation was observed between LDL cholesterol and hsCRP (r=0.109, p=0.040). A non-significant positive correlation between hsCRP and HDL cholesterol (r=0.291, p=0.453) was observed.Conclusions: The results of the study implicate the role of inflammatory component in causing atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease rather than dyslipidaemias alone to be attributed for atherogenesis. Concomitantly HDL cholesterol levels were found to be low in cases that results from the inflammatory component in atherogenesis.
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Pregnancy is a stressful condition in which many physiological and metabolic functions are altered to considerable extent and hypertension is the most commonest problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating 5-10% of pregnancies. Recent reports suggest that free radical induced endothelial damage as an important factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Such cell injury might in turn is counteracted by the action of several in vivo antioxidants. But because of increased lipid peroxidation and increased demand of antioxidants , increased oxidative stress is suspected. The present study was undertaken to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in clinically diagnosed preeclamptic women (n=30) and compared with that of normotensive pregnant women and to find out any association between the two parameters. Serum MDA levels were significantly elevated (p value<0.000) and RBC reduced GSH levels were significantly decreased ( p value <0.000) compared to that of normotensive pregnant women. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between serum MDA and RBC reduced GSH (p value <0.003) in preeclamptic cases.
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Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy increase maternal and fetal risk. Preeclampsia is characterised by hypertension and proteinuria. Increased uric acid is a key clinical feature of preeclampsia; higher levels correlate with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to estimate serum uric acid , the end product of purine catabolism, in clinically diagnosed preeclamptic women (n=30) and the values were compared with that of normotensive pregnant women (n=30) ,aged 18-30yrs. All of them were in their third trimester and primigravida. Serum uric acid levels were measured by spectrophotometry. We observed that serum uric acid levels were increased significantly when compared with that of normotensive pregnant women (p value < 0.000).
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Hypertension in pregnancy is a leading cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Preeclampsia is characterised by hypertension and proteinuria. Lipid peroxidation is an important factor in the pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. The present study was undertaken to determine Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels , a product of lipid peroxidation , in clinically diagnosed Preeclamptic women(n=30) and the values were compared with that of Normotensive pregnant women (n=30) aged between 18-30yrs. All of them were in their third trimester and were primigravida. Serum MDA was estimated by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. We observed that Serum MDA levels were significantly increased in Preeclamptic women (p <0.000) as compared to that of Normotensive pregnant women . Increased levels of lipid peroxiation product - MDA may contribute to the pathophysiology of Preeclampsia.
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A Field experiment was carried out during 2011-12 rabi to study the spatial distribution of aphid, Uroleucon compositae (Theobald) on safflower. Various indices of dispersion, i.e. variance-mean ratio, dispersion parameter, David and Moore’s index, Charlier coefficient, Index of Lexis and Llyods index of patchiness revealed that safflower aphid followed aggregated distribution throughout the crop growth.
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Endemic skeletal fluorosis is widely prevalent in India and is a major public health problem. The first ever report of endemic skeletal fluorosis and neurological manifestation was from Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh in the year 1937. Epidemiological and experimental studies in the endemic areas suggest the role of temperate climate, hard physical labor, nutritional status, presence of abnormal concentrations of trace elements like strontium, uranium, silica in water supplies, high fluoride levels in foods and presence of kidney disease in the development of skeletal fluorosis. Neurological complications of endemic skeletal fluorosis, namely radiculopathy, myelopathy or both are mechanical in nature and till date the evidence for direct neurotoxicity of fluoride is lacking. Prevention of the disease should be the aim, knowing the pathogenesis of fluorosis. Surgery has a limited role in alleviating the neurological disability and should be tailored to the individual based on the imaging findings.