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Objective@#To explore the impairments of the left visual field (LVF) superiority among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), for further understanding of the attentional mechanism of social disturbance in ASD.@*Methods@#The mixed design for repeated measured data was used. The case group was consisted of 105 ASD children enrolled from the rehabilitation agencies in Tianjin from Sept. 2016 to Dec. 2019; and 105 typically developed children were enrolled from Tianjin as the control group by matching the chronological age and gender distribution. The preferential looking paradigm was used to explore the LVF superiority by eye tracking system. Fixation count (FC), total fixation duration (TFD) and the proportion of left hemiface were analyzed by the Mixed design ANOVA, in which the main effect of "group", visual field (left vs. right) and gender of the faces was evaluated in addition to the interactions.@*Results@#All the participants in both the ASD group and TD group completed the experiments. For the whole face in LVF or RVF, the main effect of group showed the statistical significance on both FC and TFD [FC： F (1，206) =26.27, P <0.01; TFD： F (1，206) =51.23, P <0.01]. The interaction of group×visual field on FC also was statistically significant [ F (1，206) =4.619， P =0.03], and the case group showed the difference between LVF and RVF (0.33±0.02，0.54±0.03， P < 0.01 ) by further simple effect analysis, none of the rest was statistically significant. Both the left hemiface of FC & TFD showed the main effect of group [FC： F (1，206) =13.77， P ＜0.01；TFD： F (1，206) =12.89， P ＜0.01] and interaction of group×visual field [FC： F (1，206) = 36.99， P ＜0.01；TFD： F (1，206) =38.62， P ＜0.01), similarly, there was higher left hemiface proportion of both FC & TFD in RVF than that in LVF (FC：0.36±0.03，0.56±0.03， P <0.01; TFD：0.36±0.03，0.57±0.03， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#LVF superiority is not presented among children with ASD in this study, while the fixation in RVF remained relatively unaffected. The finding indicates the involvement of the fusiform face area of right hemisphere in the pathogenesis of ASD in addition to the weak central coherence account.
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·AIM:To evaluate and characterize the macular thickness and macular volume in patients of different stages of diabetic retinopathy with special - domain optical coherence tomography( SD-OCT) .·METHODS: Totally 40 patients ( 78 eyes ) with diabetic retinopathy were recruited in the study from January 2016 to January 2017 in our hospital. According to the international clinical classification of diabetic retinopathy, 20 cases (40 eyes) were categorized as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) group and 20 cases proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (38 eyes). All subjects were examined and analyzed with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study ( ETDRS ) subfields, which were embedded in HS ( Haag-Streit ) with diameter of 1, 3 and 6mm. The changes of retinal thickness and volume of the macular center were measured.·RESULTS: The thickness of macular foveolar in NPDR group and PDR group were 252. 57 ± 31. 36μm, 362. 47 ± 20. 81μm. The retinal thickness of inner superior subfield (ISM) and inner nasal subfield(INM) were the thickest;that of inner inferior subfield ( IIM ) was next to ISM and INM, and that of inner temporal subfield was the thinnest. Of the outer subfields, the retinal thickness of outer superior subfield ( OSM ) was the thickest;that of outer nasal subfield( ONM) was next to OSM, and that of outer temporal subfield(OTM)and outer inferior subfield ( OIM ) was the thinnest. The value of macular central concave thickness and retinal thickness in each quadrant of the NPDR group were less than those of the PDR group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0. 05). The volume (V) of macular center in NPDR group and PDR group were 0. 20±0. 02mm3, 0. 28±0. 16mm3, the upper and nasal sides of the middle part of the partition were the largest, the inferior and the temporal side were the smallest. The nasal side of the outer loop was the largest, the upper was the second, the temporal side and the inferior were the smallest. The volume of macular central fovea and the retinal volume in each quadrant of the NPDR group were smaller than those of the PDR group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).·CONCLUSION: The changes of retinal thickness and volume in macular central fovea were related with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Using OCT to analyze the macular thickness and macular volume in different stages of diabetic retinopathy, helps physicians to understand the morphological changes of macular region and its surrounding macular degeneration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and provide a basis for better analysis of the changes of the structure of macular in different severity diabetic retinopathy.
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To obtain single chain variable fragment (scFv) and bivalent single chain variable fragment (bsFv) against transferrin receptor, up-stream and down-stream primers were designed according to the complemenary sequences of FR1 region of variable heavy (VH) and FR4 of variable light (VL), respectively, which contained inter-linker G4S and the restriction endonuclease Sill, AscI and NotI. Two pieces of scFv fragments were first amplified through PCR and then inserted into plasmid pAB 1, which could express scFv protein once induced by IPTG in the host bacteria. To express scFv and bsFv, E. coli TG1 was cultured in LB broth and was induced by IPTG The restriction enzyme digestion map and DNA sequencing demonstrated that scFv and bsFv genes were successfully inserted into the expression plasmid. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed the protein band at 35kD and 60kD, which were consistent with the molecular weight of scFv and bsFv respectively.Flow cytometry showed that scFv and bsFv harbored the specific binding activity with TfR expressed in various tumor cells, and the avidity of bsFv was higher than that of the parent scFv.