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1.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 90(1): 85-97, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-886897

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Pantanal is an extensive wetland with heterogeneous habitats, primarily due to the river-floodplain system and plants with differential adaptations and reproductive strategies. Factors such as altitude, distance among plant formations, and flood pulse must be considered to better understand its diversity. Aiming to assess the influence of biogeographic patterns in this system, we analyzed the floristic composition of six areas along the Paraguay River, including residual relieves, verifying the pattern of similarity, and effects of distance and altitude. We recorded 356 species in 87 families, mostly perennial (75%), and some annuals (15%) and pluriannuals (5%). Herbaceous plants were the most represented (48%), followed by arboreal (23%), shrubby (15%) and epiphytic (14%) habits, only 12% being endemic to Brazil. The studied areas showed low floristic similarity, but higher resemblance of species between neighboring areas, and no relation with altitude. The upper Paraguay River is diverse, with high spatial variability of species, predominantly perennial. The river-floodplain connectivity may be a determinant factor in species richness and occurrence of endemic species.


Asunto(s)
Plantas/clasificación , Biodiversidad , Humedales , Altitud , Dispersión de las Plantas/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Especificidad de la Especie , Clima Tropical , Brasil , Análisis de Varianza , Ríos , Inundaciones
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(4): 1103-1110, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-769653

RESUMEN

Abstract We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Aspilia latissima - an abundant plant from the Brazilian Pantanal region - against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The crude extracts and fractions showed activity in all tested microorganisms. The chloroform fraction of the leaves and roots showed the most antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, with an MIC of 500 μg/mL. This fraction was submitted to bioautographic assays to characterize the activity of the compounds. Two bands from the leaves (L-A and L-B) and three bands from the roots (R-C, R-D and R-E) were bioactive. Within the root-derived bands, the terpene derivatives stigmasterol, kaurenoic acid and kaura-9(11), 16-dien-18-oic acid were identified. Antibiotic activity of A. latissima is reported for the first time.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/efectos de los fármacos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Asteraceae/efectos de los fármacos , Asteraceae/farmacología , Bacterias/química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/farmacología , Brasil/química , Brasil/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil/farmacología , Hongos/química , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/farmacología
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(2): 175-193, Mar. 2006. mapas, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-430895

RESUMEN

Investigation was undertaken on the behaviour of the phlebotomine fauna in caves, forests, and anthropic environments of the Serra da Bodoquena, between January 1998 and January 2000. This paper reports on the phlebotomines captured in forested areas with automatic light traps (ALT), Shannon traps (ST), aspiration (AN), at natural resting sites and by human attractiveness (HA) during 24 h. The diversity and abundance of the species were investigated with ALT installed at 16 points (ground level) and 6 in the canopy. Natural infection by flagellates was investigated in females captured with ST, AN, and HA. The sand fly fauna was represented by 23 species. Twenty-two of these were captured with ALT, 15 of them on the western side, and 20 on the eastern. Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani were the most abundant on the former and this species together with Lutzomyia almerioi on the latter side. On the eastern side the ecotopes located close to caves rendered a significantly greater number (P < 0.01) of specimens than did more distant sites. On this side Lu. almerioi contributed with 56 percent of the total number of specimens. Lu. almerioi females were predominantly attracted by humans (96.4 percent) and by ST (93.2 percent) and three of the 2173 dissected (0.138 percent) presented natural infection by flagellates. The attraction of Lu. almerioi to humans occurred during all seasons, predominantly in the summer, and in nocturnal and diurnal periods. Thus it is bothersome to inhabitants of and visitors to the Bodoquena ridge and a potential vector of flagellates.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Insectos Vectores/fisiología , Psychodidae/fisiología , Brasil , Insectos Vectores/clasificación , Leishmaniasis/transmisión , Densidad de Población , Psychodidae/clasificación , Estaciones del Año , Árboles
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