Biological evaluation of recombinant human erythropoietin in pharmaceutical products

The potencies of mammalian cell-derived recombinant human erythropoietin pharmaceutical preparations, from a total of five manufacturers, were assessed by in vivo bioassay using standardized protocols. Eight-week-old normocythemic mice received a single subcutaneous injection followed by blood sampling 96 h later or multiple daily injections with blood sampling 24 h after the last injection. Reticulocyte counting by microscopic examination was employed as the end-point using the brilliant cresyl blue or selective hemolysis methods, together with automated flow cytometry. Different injection schedules were investigated and dose-response curves for the European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation of erythropoietin were compared. Manual and automated methods of reticulocyte counting were correlated with respect to assay validity and precision. Using 8 mice per treatment group, intra-assay precision determined for all of the assays in the study showed coefficients of variation of 12.1-28.4 percent for the brilliant cresyl blue method, 14.1-30.8 percent for the selective hemolysis method and 8.5-19.7 percent for the flow cytometry method. Applying the single injection protocol, a combination of at least two independent assays was required to achieve the precision potency and confidence limits indicated by the manufacturers, while the multiple daily injection protocol yielded the same acceptable results within a single assay. Although the latter protocol using flow cytometry for reticulocyte counting gave more precise and reproducible results (intra-assay coefficients of variation: 5.9-14.2 percent), the well-characterized manual methods provide equally valid alternatives for the quality control of recombinant human erythropoietin therapeutic products.

Determinacao da atividade anticoagulante da heparina / Determination of anticoagulant activity of heparin

Foi realizada a dosagem biologica de produtos comerciais de heparina e de amostras do Primeiro Padrao Nacional Argentino de Heparina da mucosa intestinal suina. Os resultados foram comparados com o Quarto Padrao Internacional. Foi empregado o metodo de Reinert e Winterstein, modificado preconizado pelas Farmacopeias Americana e Brasileira. Foram discutidas as metodologias descritas na literatura e indicada a importancia destas para a avaliacao da atividade anticoagulante das heparinas nao-fracionadas e das de baixo peso molecular.