SARS-CoV-2 antibody level one month after COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of serum antibodies against novel coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） in healthcare workers after one month of natural infection， to explore the influencing factors and their correlations with the levels of antibodies， and to provide reference for strengthening the protection of healthcare workers and preventive intervention in Pudong New Area in Shanghai. MethodsVenous blood samples were collected from 1 102 medical staff in Pudong hospitals one month after infection. The serum levels of new coronavirus specific antibodies IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The information of gender， age， position， infection severity， vaccination， basic diseases and use of immunosuppressants were obtained by questionnaire to explore the influencing factors and their correlation with the antibody level. ResultsOne month after natural infection， 99.00% （1 091/1 102） of the subjects were found to be positive for IgG antibody against the new coronavirus， 17.79% （196/1 102） of the subjects were IgM antibody positive， and 99.00% （1 091/1 102） of the samples were positive for the neutralizing antibody. The level of antibody might be influenced by the severity of infection， the time of the last dose of vaccination， and the long-term use of immunosuppressants. The more severe the disease， the stronger the neutralizing antibody response. The antibody level in the people who received the final dose of vaccine within 6 months was higher than that of the people who received the vaccine 6 months ago， and the difference was statistically significant. The antibody levels were low in the subjects who received long-term immunosuppressants. ConclusionThe specific IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibody were found， one month after infection， in the medical workers in Pudong New Area， Shanghai， and the antibody titers were high， which had a good protective effect. The antibody level of the people who were vaccinated within 6 months was higher， it is recommended that people who receive the last vacination more than 6 months should be re-vaccinated with the booster vaccine， to improve the autoimmunity against the novel coronavirus.

Virus spectrum of inpatients with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area , Shanghai / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the viral spectrum of inpatients with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area, and to explore the composition of pathogens in hospitalized children and adults. Methods Samples of acute respiratory infection cases from 10 medical institutions were collected from 2011 to 2020 and tested for human influenza virus, human adenovirus, rhinovirus, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus and human boca virus. Results A total of 3 145 inpatients were monitored, with a median age of 61 years. The positive rate of any virus was 32.43% (1 020/3 145), and the single virus infection accounted for 85.98% (877/1 020). In single virus infection, the positive rate of human influenza virus was the highest (9.67%, 304/3 145), with influenza A (80.26%, 244/304) as the main virus. The second was rhinovirus (3.97%, 125/3 145). The positive rate of any virus in different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=103.38，P2=123.06，P2=90.37，P<0.001). Conclusion The positive rate of virus in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection is relatively high in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, with human influenza virus being the main virus. The virus spectrum of hospitalized children and adults is inconsistent. In the future, in-depth research should be strengthened, focusing on the distribution of pathogens in different populations and seasonal prevention and treatment.

Effects of ionizing radiation on blood pressure and electrocardiography among healthcare workers in department of cardiovascular diseases / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To examine the effects of ionizing radiation on blood pressure and electrocardiography among healthcare workers in department of cardiovascular diseases, and to provide a reference for formulating the protective interventions against radiation exposure. Methods A total of 127 healthcare workers with radiation exposure in the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases of The 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA from 2018 to 2022 were included in the observation group. Meanwhile, 127 age- and gender-matched healthcare workers without radiation exposure in the same department during the same study period were included in the control group. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiography were compared between groups. Results There were no significant differences between groups in mean age (t = 0.77, P > 0.05), sex (χ2 = 0.02, P > 0.05), prevalence of smoking (χ2 = 0.28, P > 0.05), and alcohol consumption (χ2 = 0.02, P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the observation and control groups in systolic blood pressure [(127.77 ± 15.43) mmHg vs. (111.23 ± 19.10) mmHg; t = 4.21, P < 0.05], diastolic blood pressure [(79.32 ± 8.23) mmHg vs. (69.91 ± 10.21) mmHg; t = 4.09, P < 0.05], prevalence of hypertension [17.32% (22/127) vs. 8.66% (11/127); χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05], heart rate [(81.10 ± 11.27) beats/min vs. (70.45 ± 10.55) beats/min; t = 4.33, P < 0.05], and abnormal rate of electrocardiography [21.26% (27/127) vs. 10.24% (13/127); χ2 = 5.82, P < 0.05]. Conclusion Ionizing radiation affects blood pressure and electrocardiography among healthcare workers in department of cardiovascular diseases. The prevention and monitoring of radiation exposure and occupational physical examination should be improved among healthcare workers with exposure to radiation in the department of cardiovascular diseases, with aims to reduce the hazard of radiation exposure and protect the health of healthcare workers.

Role of complement protein regulatory targets in diabetic retinopathy and its clinical research progress / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The complement system is a protein response system with a precise regulatory mechanism, which has the functions of mediating inflammation, regulating immune response, dissolving cells and clearing immune complexes. Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a common and severe ocular complication of diabetes and one of the common irreversible blinding eye diseases in ophthalmology, and its pathogenesis is complex, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and abnormal polyol metabolism pathway. In recent years, there has been more and more evidence that dysregulation and inflammation of immune system are important factors in the pathogenesis of DR, and a variety of complement proteins play an important role in key processes such as inflammation regulation and angiogenesis. Therefore, the central purpose of this review is to discuss the role of the complement system and related regulatory proteins in DR, with the aim of elucidating the close relationship between the complement proteins and the occurrence and development of DR, and providing important references and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR. At the same time, the clinical research of complement system-targeted drugs is further elaborated.

A Single Center Clinical Study on 51 Patients With Gastrointestinal Hemangioma / 胃肠病学

Background: Hemangioma is a vasogenic benign tumor commonly seen in the head and neck. However, it is rare in gastrointestinal tract and can cause symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain, and it also can be life-threatening in severe cases. Aims: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of gastrointestinal hemangioma, and to provide appropriate therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemangioma. Methods: The patients with gastrointestinal hemangioma from August 2011 to October 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected, and the clinical data, examination results, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 51 patients with gastrointestinal hemangioma were included, the ratio of male to female was 1.43:1, and the average age was (46.2±19.2) years old. Single gastrointestinal hemangioma was found in 45 patients (88.24%), and 18 lesions (35.29%) were in the esophagus, followed by the stomach (15.69%), small intestine (15.69%), colon (11.76%), and rectum (9.80%). The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50.98%), while 15 patients (29.41%) were presented by gastrointestinal bleeding. Thirty-two patients (62.75%) underwent endoscopic treatment, including 25 patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 6 patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 1 patient underwent endoscopic ligation. Nineteen patients (37.25%) underwent surgical surgery, including 5 patients underwent transrectal lesion resection, 1 patient underwent small intestinal lesion resection and 13 patients underwent resection of digestive tract. All patients recovered well after surgery. The average follow-up period was (61±32) months. One patient relapsed 1 year after surgery, 4 patients died of other diseases, and the remaining patients did not occur tumor recurrence, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal hemangioma is rare and has no specific clinical symptoms. Endoscopy is important for its diagnosis, and endoscopic therapy is safe and effective for patients with indications.

Research progress on the antitumor activity of costunolide / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

In recent years, the research on the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing year by year. Both the effective extracted ingredients of Chinese medicine and its compound preparations have significant efficacy and advantages in tumor treatment. Costunolide, the active ingredient of Aucklandia lappa (a traditional Chinese medicine), is a natural sesquiterpene lactone, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic effect, anti-microbial effect etc. In recent years, more and more experimental studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that this component has anti-tumor activity, which can inhibit the growth of breast cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma and other tumors. Its antitumor mechanism mainly lies in the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AKT-MDM 2-p53, ROS-AKT/GSK-3β, Bcr / Abl, Stat5 and other signaling pathways, which affects reactive oxygen species, apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, and cyclin, and thus induces apoptosis, causes autophagy and arrests cell cycle in G2 / M phase, G1 phase, and S phase. In addition, the combination of costunolide with imatinib and doxorubicin can attenuate toxicity and enhance anti-tumor effect, and also reverse tumor drug resistance. By consulting and sorting out the relevant research literature at home and abroad, the author summarized the research progress of costunolide on the antitumor effect and mechanism, the combined drug use and the reversal of tumor drug resistance in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new drugs of this ingredient.

Diterpenoids of Tripterygium wilfordii decrease inflammatory response of macrophage by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the anti-inflammatory activ¬ity of diterpenes from Tripterygium wilfordii on lipopo- lysaccharide ( LPS)-induced macrophage and its mech¬anism. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of compounds. The Griess method was used to detect the NO on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. ELISA was applied to determine the contents of inter- leukin 6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor a ( TNF-a ) , interleukin lp (IL-lfj) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) in cell culture supernatant. Western blot was used to de¬tect IkBcx, .INK, ERK, p38, STAT3 and their phos-phorylation in LPS-induced RAW264.7, as well as the effect on COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, caspase-1 , cleaved- caspase-1. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the effects of compounds on the phagocytosis of RAW 264. 7 cells. Results Hypoglicin II (1) and ent-pimara-8 (14) , 15-diene-19-ol (6) , two diterpenoid compounds from Tripterygium wilfordii could effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators ( COX-2 and iN- OS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-lp, IL- 18) in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. Further re¬search found that the phosphorylation of IkBcx , JNK, ERK, P38, STAT3 and NLRP3 was all inhibited; however, there was no significant effect on the expres¬sion of IkBcx, JNK, ERK, P38 and STAT3. At the same time, they also inhibited the phagocytosis of mac-rophages. Conclusions The anti-inflammatory mecha¬nism of Tripterygium wilfordii diterpenoids 1 and 6 might be through inhibiting the production of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies, inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-lp and IL-18) , which is closely related to inhibiting the activation of MAPK, NF-kB and STAT3 pathway.

Comprehensive assessment of mismatch repair and microsatellite instability status in molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To explore the concordance and causes of different mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) detection results in endometrial carcinoma (EC) molecular typing. Methods: A total of 214 EC patients diagnosed from January 2021 to April 2023 were selected at the Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) results of MMR protein were reviewed. Tumor specific somatic mutations, MMR germline mutations, microsatellite scores and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) with multi-gene panel. Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of MLH1 gene promoter in cases with deficient MLH1 protein expression. In cases with discrepant results between MMR-IHC and MSI-NGS, the MSI status was detected again by PCR (MSI-PCR), and the molecular typing was determined by combining the results of TMB and MLH1 gene promoter methylation. Results: (1) In this study, there were 22 cases of POLE gene mutation subtype, 55 cases of mismatch repair deficient (MMR-d) subtype, 29 cases of p53 abnormal subtype, and 108 cases of no specific molecular profile (NSMP). The median age at diagnosis of MMR-d subtype (54 years old) and the proportion of aggressive histological types (40.0%, 22/55) were higher than those of NSMP subtype [50 years old and 12.0% (13/108) respectively; all P<0.05]. (2) Among 214 patients, MMR-IHC test showed that 153 patients were mismatch repair proficient (MMR-p), 49 patients were MMR-d, and 12 patients were difficult to evaluate directly. MSI-NGS showed that 164 patients were microsatellite stable (MSS; equal to MMR-p), 48 patients were high microsatellite instability (MSI-H; equal to MMR-d), and 2 patients had no MSI-NGS results because the effective sequencing depth did not meet the quality control. The overall concordance between MMR-IHC and MSI-NGS was 94.3% (200/212). All the 12 discrepant cases were MMR-d or subclonal loss of MMR protein by IHC, but MSS by NGS. Among them, 10 cases were loss or subclonal loss of MLH1 and (or) PMS2 protein. Three discrepant cases were classified as POLE gene mutation subtype. In the remaining 9 cases, 5 cases and 3 cases were confirmed as MSI-H and low microsatellite instability (MSI-L) respectively by MSI-PCR, 6 cases were detected as MLH1 gene promoter methylation and 7 cases demonstrated high TMB (>10 mutations/Mb). These 9 cases were classified as MMR-d EC. (3) Lynch syndrome was diagnosed in 27.3% (15/55) of all 55 MMR-d EC cases, and the TMB of EC with MSH2 and (or) MSH6 protein loss or associated with Lynch syndrome [(71.0±26.2) and (71.5±20.1) mutations/Mb respectively] were significantly higher than those of EC with MLH1 and (or) PMS2 loss or sporadic MMR-d EC [(38.2±19.1) and (41.9±24.3) mutations/Mb respectively, all P<0.01]. The top 10 most frequently mutated genes in MMR-d EC were PTEN (85.5%, 47/55), ARID1A (80.0%, 44/55), PIK3CA (69.1%, 38/55), KMT2B (60.0%, 33/55), CTCF (45.5%, 25/55), RNF43 (40.0%, 22/55), KRAS (36.4%, 20/55), CREBBP (34.5%, 19/55), LRP1B (32.7%, 18/55) and BRCA2 (32.7%, 18/55). Concurrent PTEN, ARID1A and PIK3CA gene mutations were found in 50.9% (28/55) of MMR-d EC patients. Conclusions: The concordance of MMR-IHC and MSI-NGS in EC is relatively high.The discordance in a few MMR-d EC are mostly found in cases with MLH1 and (or) PMS2 protein loss or MMR protein subclonal staining caused by MLH1 gene promoter hypermethylation. In order to provide accurate molecular typing for EC patients, MLH1 gene methylation, MSI-PCR, MMR gene germline mutation and TMB should be combined to comprehensively evaluate MMR and MSI status.

Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中西医结合学报

Numerous randomised controlled trials have suggested the positive effects of acupuncture on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture for COPD have not been clearly summarized yet. Inflammation is central to the development of COPD. In this review, we elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture from an anti-inflammatory perspective based on animal studies. Cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide is often used to establish animal models of COPD. Electroacupuncture can be an effective intervention to improve inflammation in COPD, and Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36) can be used as basic acupoints in COPD animal models. Different acupuncture types can regulate different types of inflammatory cytokines; meanwhile, different acupuncture types and acupoint options have similar effects on modulating the level of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, acupuncture exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cells, inflammasomes and inflammatory cytokines. The main underlying mechanism through which acupuncture improves inflammation in COPD is the modulation of relevant signalling pathways: nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (e.g., myeloid differentiation primary response 88/NF-κB, toll-like receptor-4/NF-κB, silent information regulator transcript-1/NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase), cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and dopamine D2 receptor pathway. The current synthesis will be beneficial for further research on the effect of acupuncture on COPD inflammation. Please cite this article as: Jiang LH, Li PJ, Wang YQ, Jiang ML, Han XY, Bao YD, Deng XL, Wu WB, Liu XD. Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 518-527.

Signaling Pathways Related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional gastrointestinal disease， but it often causes extreme gastrointestinal discomfort and prolonged illness， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The global incidence rate is increasing year by year. Clinically， western medicine mainly uses oral antispasmodics， secretagogues， and antidepressants， but there are many disadvantages such as adverse reactions and poor long-term efficacy. Therefore， finding an efficient and safe treatment method is an urgent problem to be solved. A large number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has definite curative and long-lasting effects on the treatment of IBS， which has become a hot research direction in recent years. By searching Chinese and foreign literature， it is found that electroacupuncture， moxibustion， Chinese medicine monomers， and compound decoctions are the main methods in the mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS-related pathways， and their signaling pathways involve nuclear transcription factor kappa B （NF-κB）， transient receptor potential vanillin subfamily 1 （TRPV1）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine can repair intestinal inflammation， reduce visceral sensitivity， enhance intestinal mucosal barrier， and regulate intestinal motility by regulating this series of signaling pathways， thereby playing an important role in the treatment of IBS with multi-level， multi-link and multi-target characteristics. Based on the cell signaling pathways， this paper reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS， hoping to provide theoretical support and diagnosis and treatment ideas for the clinical treatment of IBS with traditional Chinese medicine.

Pharmacodynamics and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule(Zhuling) on 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis in rats.The experimental colitis model was established by enema with 2.5% TNBS.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Changyanning (180 mg/kg) group and Zhuling low-dose (40 mg/kg) group and Zhuling high-dose (120 mg/kg) group.After modeling,the rats were executed after 7 days of drug treatment.During this period,the disease activity status of the rats was observed,and the body weights of the rats were recorded daily.At the end of the experiment,the colonic tissues were obtained for the analysis of the expression of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity,mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10) were determined, and the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.The results showed that compared with model group, the administration of Zhuling significantly alleviated the weight loss and elevated the disease activity index (DAI) caused by TNBS, relieved the shortening, edema and pathological damage of colonic tissue, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of crypt and loss of goblet cells, decreased the MPO enzyme activity of colonic tissue, iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon, increased the levels of colonic tight junction protein (occludin, ZO-1), and decreased serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6,IL-1β).The results suggest that Zhuling administration ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats by decreasing the level of inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins.This experiment could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Zhuling.

Effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on intestinal flora in the rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome based on 16S rDNA technique / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on intestinal flora in the rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) based on 16S rDNA technique.@*METHODS@#Ten rats were randomized from 58 SPF-grade male SD rats to be the blank group. The remained 48 rats were prepared to be IBS-D models by the modified method of acetic acid enema combined with binding tail-clip stress. Forty successfully-modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group and a western medication group, with 10 rats in each one. In the acupuncture group, the needle was inserted at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and remained for 15 min in each rat. In the moxibustion group, the suspending moxibustion was delivered at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 15 min. The rats in the western medication group were given pinaverium bromide suspension (10 mL/kg) by intragastric administration. The above interventions were performed once daily for consecutive 14 days. The body mass and the score of fecal trait were compared before and after modeling, as well as after intervention in each group. Fecal water content, diarrhea index and colon transit time (CTT) were measured after modeling and intervention in the rats of each group separately. After intervention, the colonic morphology of rats in each group was observed, and using 16S rDNA technique, the intestinal flora was detected.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, compared with the blank group, the body mass and CTT were reduced (P<0.01); fecal trait scores, fecal water contents and diarrhea index increased (P<0.01) in the other 4 groups. After intervention, the body mass and CTT of the rats decreased (P<0.01), and fecal trait score, fecal water content and diarrhea index increased (P<0.01) in the model group compared with those in the blank group. In the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group, when compared with the model group, the body mass and CTT were elevated (P<0.01), while fecal trait scores, fecal water contents and diarrhea index declined (P<0.01). Compared with the western medication group, fecal water content decreased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), while CTT increased in the acupuncture group (P<0.01), the body mass increased and fecal trait score was dropped in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). The colonic mucosa structure was clear and complete, and there was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the blank group. The mild interstitial edema of intestinal mucosa was presented with the infiltration of few inflammatory cells in the model group. There was the infiltration of few inflammatory cells in the mucosa of the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group. Compared with the blank group, the indexes of Richness, Chao1, ACE and Shannon decreased in the model group (P<0.05). Indexes of Richness, Chao1 and ACE increased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and the Richness index in the western medication group increased (P<0.05) when compared with those in the model group. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Prevotella increased (P<0.05), and that of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae decreased (P<0.05) in the model group compared with those in the blank group. When compared with the model group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Prevotella was reduced (P<0.05), while that of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group; and that of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium increased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the relative abundance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis was elevated (P<0.05), and that of folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis decreased (P<0.05) in the model group. The relative abundance of LPS biosynthesis was dropped (P<0.05), and that of folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group compared with those of the model group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Either acupuncture or moxibustion can relieve the symptoms of IBS-D and protect intestinal mucosa, which may be associated with regulating the structure of intestinal flora and promoting nutrient metabolism and biosynthesis.

Research progress on the effects of ionizing radiation exposure on cardiovascular systems / 中国辐射卫生

With the rapid development and widespread application of medical imaging technologies, ionizing radiation has become unavoidable in human lives. Accurate assessment of healthy effects of ionizing radiation is of great significance to reduce the risk of exposure to radiation. Increasing evidence has proven the impact of ionizing radiation on cardiovascular systems. This article reviews the effects of ionizing radiation on heart, blood pressure, and blood vessels and the possible mechanisms, so as to provide insights into implementation of targeted protective interventions and reduction of ionizing radiation hazard.

TRPC6 involves in endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the role and mechanism of TRPC6 in apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). 【Methods】 The experiment groups were classified as follows: normal control (NC), thapsigargin (TG), TG+SKF96365, and TG+TRPC6 siRNA groups. Transcription and protein expressions of TRPC6 and ERS related proteins (GRP78 and Caspase12) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Additionally, cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst33258. Finally, Fluo-4 AM Ca2+ imaging technique was used to determine changes of intracellular calcium ( [Ca2+] i) by laser scanning confocal microscope. 【Results】 Morphological changes of apoptotic cells were characterized by nuclear enrichment or nuclear fragmentation, and the apoptosis rate was increased after TG stimulation. The expressions of TRPC6 and ERS related proteins (GRP78 and Caspase12) were elevated in TG group compared with NC group (P<0.05). Pre-incubation of HBZY-1 cells with SKF96365 and TRPC6 siRNA decreased cell apoptosis (P<0.05). The entry of [Ca2+] i also increased after TG stimulation (P<0.05). The expressions of TRPC6, GRP78 and Caspase12 were downregulated compared with TG group after treatment with SKF96365 and TRPC6 siRNA accompanied by decreased [Ca2+] i (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Taken together, this study suggests that inhibition of TRPC6 can alleviate TG-induced HBZY-1 cell apoptosis.

Guidelines for Ethical Review Project Entrustment of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans / 中国医学伦理学

The seventh article of Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016) stipulated that medical and health institutions without an ethics committee shall not carry out biomedical research involving Humans. The Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Ethics in Science and Technology, issued in March 2022, clearly stated that the institutions that do not meet the conditions for establishing a scientific and technological ethics (review) committee should entrust other institutions to conduct the review. The fourteenth article of Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (2023) proposes that if an institution, which carries out life science and medical research involving humans, has not established an ethics committee or its ethics committee is not competent for ethics review, it can entrust a competent ethics committee or regional ethics committee in writing to carry out ethical review. Most medical institutions at or above the second level in China have set up ethics committees. While most universities and colleges, scientific research institutions, enterprises and grass-roots medical and health institutions have not set up ethics committees, which lack a working system to protect the safety and interests of the participants, and is difficult to conduct life sciences and medical research involving humans. At present, there is a need for some research institutions that do not have the conditions to establish ethics committees to entrust their projects of life science and medical research involving humans to other institutions for ethical review. The entrusted review is still in the exploratory stage, and there is no relevant specification. The hasty implementation of entrusted review may not achieve the goal of effectively protecting the safety and interests of the participants, and even cause legal disputes. Based on the thematic discussion, with reference to the relevant laws and regulations, departmental rules, ethical standards, and the experience of the ethics committees of some domestic institutions in implementing the entrusted review, the guideline was formulated for the reference of the current entrusted review to ensure the safety and interests of the participants.

Interpretation and Reflection on Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans / 中国医学伦理学

With the progress of life sciences and medicine and the improvement of laws, regulations and rules, to meet the objective needs and further standardize the ethical review of life sciences and medical research involving humans, it is necessary to refer to international ethical standards to integrate with international standards. On February 18, 2023, the National Health Commission, together with the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, issued the Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans. The scope of this revision is large, the content is more detailed, and many details and specific requirements are added. It expanded the extent of jurisdiction to include colleges and universities, scientific research institutes and other institutions; the scope of review included the field of life sciences; the ethical review and supervision efficiency problems caused by the requirement of multiple departments coordinated supervision required the cooperation of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen communication and implement supervision. It emphasized the management of conflict of interest, strengthened the protection of privacy and data management, clarified the application of summary procedure review, as well as added the ethical review exemption and the submission of initial review materials, key review content, approval criteria and informed consent content, which improved the operability. It proposed solutions or directions for urgent needs and issues of close concern, allowed commissioned review, strengthened follow-up review, registration and filing, and explored three-level supervision, ethical review collaboration mechanisms, and the construction of regional ethics committees. By continuously improving ethical review and supervision to ensure the safety and rights of research participants, promote the quality of life science and medical research in China, and enhance the international competitiveness of life science and medical research involving humans in China.

The Defense and Key Points of Ethical Review of Case Reports / 中国医学伦理学

At present, there are no laws and regulations, ethical standards, and regulatory requirements related to ethical review of case reports at home and abroad. Whether ethical review is required for case reports, there are different norms in different regions, countries and medical institutions, and the provisions of different journals at home and abroad are also inconsistent. Through the discussion on whether the publication of case reports needs ethical review and approval, this paper summarized the problems of privacy protection and informed consent existing in the publication of case reports, and proposed the key points of ethical review of case reports, including the scientific nature of case reports, patient privacy protection, informed consent and conflict of interest management, with a view to making case reports conform to ethical standards and promoting the development of medical science.

Problems and Proposal of Ethical Review on Clinical Application of Medical Technology / 中国医学伦理学

With the change of medical technology from "access management" to "filing management" in China, it is necessary for medical institutions, as the main responsibility, to pass standardized ethical review and supervision. However, there are many problems at present, such as the absence of regulations and guidelines for ethical review of clinical application of medical technology, the lack law of medical technology ethical review standard operating procedures, the insufficient review capacity, the lack of standardization in the choice of ethical review methods, the elements of informed consent and its examination need to be discussed, the lack of appropriate continuing review mode, as well as the confirmation of technical team members and department qualifications is not clearly defined. In order to safeguard the safety and rights of patients, it is important to take the following measures, including carrying out the whole-process supervision of medical institutions, clarifying the supervision process, improving the multi-departmental communication and cooperation mechanism, establishing a management committee for clinical application of medical technology, standardizing the review system of the medical technology ethics committee, clarifying submit the list of materials for ethical review, implementing classified ethical review and supervision to improve efficiency, exploring the tracking review mode, ensuring the whole-process supervision, and carrying out popular and professional ethics training. In the review of ethics committee, more attention should be paid to the main points of review, such as technical scheme, informed consent, qualifications of technical team members and departments, management system, risk assessment and emergency plan, patient compensation and other materials. While ensuring the safety and rights of patients, it also helps to accelerate the healthy development of medical technology.

Screening of hepatitis D virus in blood donors in Dalian / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus in Dalian blood donors. 【Methods】 The samples reactive to HBV in blood screening were selected with the following confirmed results: 1)HBsAg+ &HBV DNA+ ; 2)HBsAg+ & HBV DNA-; 3)HBsAg-&HBV DNA+ ; 4)NAT-yield uncertain. Qualified samples in routine blood screening were additionally tested with anti-HBc+ and anti-HBs+. All samples selected were tested HDV IgG further. Initial reactive samples would be tested by another HDV IgG assay and HDV IgM assay. HDV IgG positive was confirmed when samples were reactive to two HDV IgG assays. 【Results】 None HDV antibodies were detected among 1 344 unqualified samples (507 HBsAg+ &HBV DNA+, 33 HBsAg+ &HBV DNA-, 477 HBsAg-&HBV DNA+ and 327 NAT-yield uncertain samples) or 766 qualified samples (397 anti-HBc+ and 369 anti-HBs samples) in blood screening. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of HDV infections among Dalian blood donors eligible in pre-donation screening seemed extremely low. However, for areas with high HBV prevalence, the risk of blood safety caused by OBI co-infection with HDV should not be ignored.

Identification and clinical transfusion of B (A) subgroup / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To carry out serological and molecular biological identification of B (A) subtype, and discuss the rational blood transfusion strategy. 【Methods】 Serological and direct sequencing methods were used to detect serotype and genotype of 7 cases of B (A) subtype, and cross matching was performed by saline medium and anti human globulin card to analyze the red blood cells(RBCs) transfusion strategy. 【Results】 The serology results of blood type of 7 samples were similar, with B(A)04/O01 in 3 cases, B(A)04/O02 in 2 cases and B(A)02/O01 in 2 cases. 7 cases of B (A) subtypes were matched with randomly selected blood donors of type O and B on the major side. 【Conclusion】 B(A) subtypes should be identified by genotyping techniques. Washed RBCs of type B and O can be used for B(A) blood type transfusion.