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AIM:To establish a nomogram model to predict the effect of serum ferritin on diabetic retinopathy and evaluate the model.METHODS:A total of 21 variables, including ferritin, were screened by univariate and multivariate regression analysis to determine the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. A nomogram prediction model was established for evaluation and calibration.RESULTS:Ferritin, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin, urine microalbumin, regularity of medication and body mass index were included in the nomogram model. The consistency index of the prediction model with serum ferritin was 0.813(95%CI: 0.748-0.879). The calibration curves of internal and external verification showed good performance, and the probability of the threshold suggested by the decision curve was in the range 10% to 90%. The model had a high net profit value.CONCLUSIONS:Serum ferritin is an important risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. A new nomogram model, which includes body mass index, duration of diabetes, ferritin, hemoglobin, urine microalbumin and regularity of medication, has a high predictive accuracy and could provide early prediction for clinicians.
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Objective:To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (Ginaton) on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods:Human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells were cultured in vitro and human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in the log phase were treated with Ginaton in time and concentration gradients. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Ginaton on Hep-2 cells. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis and determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot assay was performed to detect apoptosis and signaling pathway-related protein expression. Results:Ginaton inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde level decreased gradually in a time-dependent manner, and decreased to 2.98 μmol/g after 24 hours of Ginaton treatment. Superoxide dismutase level increased gradually in a time-dependent manner and increased to 90.35 U/g after 24 hours of Ginaton treatment. ROS level decreased gradually in a time-dependent manner and deceased to 18.7% of the level before treatment after 24 hours of Ginaton treatment. There was no significant difference in ROS level between before and after 24 hours of Ginaton treatment ( F = 14.98, 19.65, 11.47, all P < 0.001). After 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of Ginaton treatment, the expression of phosphorylated N-terminal protein kinase increased to 1.98, 2.57, 2.91 and 3.28 in a time-dependent manner. There was significant difference in the expression of phosphorylated N-terminal protein kinase between before treatment and after 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of Ginaton treatment ( F = 16.37, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Ginaton can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in vitro, which may be related to regulating ROS level and activating JNK signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effects of decorin (DCN) on apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) under high glucose condition.Methods HLE-B3 cells were cultured in vitro and the effect of DCN with different concentrations on HLE-B3 viability was determined by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The cultured cells were divided into normal control group,DCN group,high glucose group and DCN + high glucose group.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate and the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells.Microplate spectrophotometer was used to measure total superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and the radio of glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG).Western blot was used to detect the expressions of bax and bcl-2 proteins.Results HLE-B3 cells were spindle shaped,with centered and clearly visible nuclei and neatly cell arrangment.According to CCK-8 method,survival rates of HLE-B3 in all groups were more than 90％.Different concentrations of DCN showed no significant effect on HLEoB3 survival rate (all at P＞0.05).After 48 hours of cell culture,the apoptosis rate of high glucose group was significantly higher than that of normal control group,and the apoptosis rate of DCN+high glucose group was significantly lower than that of high glucose group (both at P =0.000).The mean fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS in the high-glucose group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group,and the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in the DCN group was significantly higher than that in the high glucose group (both at P=0.000).The total SOD activity in the high glucose group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group and DCN group (P =0.007,0.004).The GSH/GSSG ratio of the high-glucose group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group and DCN group (both at P=0.000).Conclusions DCN can inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress of HLE-B3 under high glucose,which provides the basis for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of acupuncture-moxibustion on the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to provide clinical references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for DPN.Method By searching the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture-moxibustion for the type 2 DPN published from January 2000 to January 2014 were retrieved and the relevant data of the peroneal nerve conduction velocity were collected for methodological evaluation. RevMan 5.1 software was adopted to conduct the meta-analysis.Result Totally 10 RCTs were recruited with 685 cases involved, including 355 cases in the treatment group and 330 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture-moxibustion can produce a better effect in improving the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of peroneal nerve in type 2 DPN than the treatments used in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant between the two groups [MD=3.55, 95%CI (0.79, 6.31); MD=4.10, 95%CI (0.22, 7.99)].Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion can improve the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 DPN, and thus is worth application in clinic. Due to the limitation of the included studies, such as small sample size and low quality of the articles and high probability of bias, RCTs of large sample size and high quality are required to confirm the above conclusions.
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Objective To investigate the episodic memory monitoring ability in patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD) and explore the mechanism of the episodic memory impairment.Method The feeling-of-knowing (FOK) paradigm were established and subsequently administered in 25 PD patients and 25 healthy control (HC) participants who were matched in age and educational level.Results Compared with healthy control group ( FOK-EM recall 39.67％ ±6.11％ ; recognition 58.42％ ±7.50％ ; FOK accuracy 0.61 ±0.22),the episodic memory and its monitoring ability in PD patients were significantly impaired on the accuracy rate of FOK-EM recall ( 19.33％ ±5.10％,t =-4.833,P ＜0.01 ),recognition (45.93％ ±7.82％,t =-2.497,P ＜0.05) and FOK accuracy( -0.18 ±0.46,t =-5.986,P ＜0.01).Furthermore,the correct judgment and correct recognition of FOK-EM ( 20.47％ ± 10.78％ ) and the correct judgment and false recognition of FOK-EM (29.53％ ±5.62％ ) in the PD group were significantly higher than the HC group ( the correct judgment and correct recognition of FOK-EM:39.47％ ± 9.47％ and the correct judgment and false recognition of FOK-EM:13.90％ ±5.50％ ; t =3.564,P ＜0.05 ; t =2.306,P ＜0.05).Most importantly,the stroop effect was positively correlated with the correct judgment and false recognition of FOK-EM in PD group ( r =0.640,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions In the present study,the PD patients demonstrated an overestimation of their recognition ability of episodic memory,moreover,this impairment of memory monitoring was positively correlated with the deficit of executive function,indicating that this mechanism could be an influential factor of memory disorder in PD.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD). MethodsTwenty patients with AD, 20 adults with amnesia mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 30 healthy adults with matched age and education level were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests including EBPM and TBPM tasks.ResultsCompared with healthy elders and patients with aMCI on performance of PM (2. 23 + 0. 77,4.83 ±1.09;1.00±1.03,3. 10 ± 1.52) and episodic memory(0. 70 ±0. 12,0.66 +0. 16;0.45 ±0.07,0.54±0. 10), AD patients were all impaired in PM and episodic memory(0.20 +0.41,2.05 ± 1.43;0.33±0. 12,0.32±0. 10), and were impaired in EBPM more significantly (t=-2.792, P＜0.01;t =-10. 761 ,P ＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsThese results suggest that AD patients show deficits of PM, but their EBPM is impaired more significantly. EBPM impairment may be an early diagnostic of AD.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of memory impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods Thirty-five patients with aMCI and 35 healthy adults matched with age and education level were administered with a neuropsychological battery of tests including conception and perception implicit priming tasks (category exemplar, picture identification), as well as explicit memory tasks (immediate recall, delay recall, delay recognition ). Results Compared with healthy elders, patients with aMCI were impaired in the conception implicit priming task(t=-4.33, P<0.01), as well as in explicit memory (immediate recall, t=6.40, P<0.01;delay recall, t=9.29,P<0.01; delay recognition, t=7.65,P<0.01),but not in perception implicit priming task (t=-0.78, P＞0.05).The conception implicit priming is positively correlated with verbal fluency (r=0.74,P<0.01). Conclusions The present results indicate that patients with aMCI are impaired in both explicit memory and conception implicit priming. The conception implicit priming impairment in aMCI may be related to their frontal lobe dysfunction.