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The biomimetic strategy of using the cell membrane-coated nanoparticles can retain the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles and show the biological characteristics of the source cell membrane, which can further enhance the role of the nanodrug in tumor treatment. A hybrid cell membrane is the fusion of two or more different types of cell membranes. A hybrid cell membrane can endow nanoparticles with multiple biofunctions derived from the source cells compared with a single cell membrane. Hybrid cell membranes provide a foundation to stimulate extensive research into multifunctional biomimetic nano-drug delivery system (NDDS), which is expected to broaden the application of biomimetic nanotechnology in drug delivery systems. In this review paper, the types of hybrid cell membrane used to construct nano-drug delivery systems, the preparation and characterization methods, and cancer treatment research progress in recent years were reviewed.
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Objective @#To investigate the improvement effect and possible mechanism of cornus officinalis glyco- sides on MRL / lpr lupus nephritis．@*Methods @#Forty mice lupus-prone MRL / lpr mice were divided into model group， cornus officinalis glycosides low-dose，medium-dose，high-dose group (27．5，55，110 mg / kg) ，with 10 mice in each group，and 10 C57BL /6 mice were taken as the control group．Gastric administration was carried out 1 time / day for 4 weeks．24-hour urine was collected before drug intervention and 2 and 4 weeks after intervention to determine the content of urine protein．After the drug intervention，mouse serum and kidney tissues were taken and the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) ，urea nitrogen (BUN) and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies were detected by kits．The levels of interleukin-6 ( IL-6) ，tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β ( IL-1 β) in serum were detected by ELISA．The changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were detected by Flow cytometry ; The changes of renal histopathology were observed by HE staining ; The protein expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ，myeloid differentiation factor-88 ( MyD88 ) ，nuclear transcription factor ( NF-κB) p65，and p-NF-κB p65 in kidney tissue were detected by Western blotting. @*Results @# Compared with the control group，the changes of renal histopathology of the model group was severe，and the levels of 24-hour urine protein，Scr，BUN and anti-dsD- NA antibodies，IL-1 β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased (P＜0. 01) ，the peripheral blood CD4 + T / CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio was significantly reduced (P ＜0. 01) ，and the protein expression levels of TLR4，MyD88 and p- NF-κB p65 in kidney tissue were significantly up-regulated (P＜0. 01) ; Compared with the model group，the chan- ges of renal histopathology of each dose group of cornus officinalis glycosides were significantly improved，the levels of 24-hour urine protein，Scr，BUN and anti-dsDNA antibodies，IL-1 β , IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced (P＜0. 01) ，the peripheral blood CD4 + T / CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio significantly increased (P ＜0. 01 ) ，and the protein expression levels of TLR4，MyD88 and pNF-κB p65 in renal tissue were significantly down-regulated (P < 0. 01) ．Among them，the high-dose group had the most significant changes in each index．While there was no signifi- cant difference in the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in the groups．@*Conclusion @#Cornus officinalis glycosides have a certain effect on renal inflammatory response in mice lupus-prone MRL / lpr mice，and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Although the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main methods of cancer treatment, it still fails to solve certain tumors, especially metastatic tumors. With the in-depth study of tumorigenesis and development mechanism, and the exploration and clinical application of tumor immunotherapy, the survival period of patients with malignant tumors has been significantly prolonged. Tumor immunotherapy has become an effective anti-tumor method by activating the body′s own immune system to achieve tumor suppression. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has a significant effect and has become a feasible solution for cancer treatment. The rationally designed nanomedicines can effectively combine chemical drugs and immunological preparations, and have become an effective delivery carrier basis and treatment means for clinically targeting tumor tissues, synergistic immune mechanisms to kill tumor cells, and treating tumors. In this paper, the types of multifunctional nanomedicines used in chemotherapy and various immunotherapies in recent years and their advantages in cancer therapy were reviewed.
RESUMEN
Although the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main methods of cancer treatment, it still fails to solve certain tumors, especially metastatic tumors. With the in-depth study of tumorigenesis and development mechanism, and the exploration and clinical application of tumor immunotherapy, the survival period of patients with malignant tumors has been significantly prolonged. Tumor immunotherapy has become an effective anti-tumor method by activating the body's own immune system to achieve tumor suppression. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has a significant effect and has become a feasible solution for cancer treatment. The rationally designed nanomedicines can effectively combine chemical drugs and immunological preparations, and have become an effective delivery carrier basis and treatment means for clinically targeting tumor tissues, synergistic immune mechanisms to kill tumor cells, and treating tumors. In this paper, the types of multifunctional nanomedicines used in chemotherapy and various immunotherapies in recent years and their advantages in cancer therapy were reviewed.